Prognostic utility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of preoperative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio(GPR)levels in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following radical resection has not been established.AIM To examine the clinical utility of GPR for prognosis prediction in solitary HBVrelated HCC patients.METHODS A total of 1167 solitary HBV-related HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed.GPR levels were compared with 908 non-HCC individuals.Overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were evaluated,and cox proportional hazard model analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.Differences in characteristics were adjusted by propensity score matching(PSM).Subgroup and stratified survival analyses for HCC risks were performed,and a linear trend of the hazard ratio(HR)according to GPR levels was constructed.RESULTS GPR levels of patients with solitary HBV-related HCC were higher than those with hepatic hemangiomas,chronic hepatitis B and healthy control(adjusted P<0.05).Variable bias was diminished after the PSM balance test.The low GPR group had improved OS(P<0.001)and RFS(P<0.001)in the PSM analysis and when combined with other variables.Multivariate cox analyses suggested that low GPR levels were associated with a better OS(HR=0.5,95%CI:0.36-0.7,P<0.001)and RFS(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.44-0.73,P<0.001).This same trend was confirmed in subgroup analyses.Prognostic nomograms were constructed and the calibration curves showed that GPR had good survival prediction.Moreover,stratified survival analyses found that GPR>0.6 was associated with a worse OS and higher recurrence rate(P for trend<0.001).CONCLUSION Preoperative GPR can serve as a noninvasive indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with solitary HBVrelated HCC.

Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and its pathogenic role

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)is a bacterial virulence factor that converts glutamine into glutamate and ammonia,and converts glutathione into glutamate and cysteinylglycine.H.pylori GGT causes glutamine and glutathione consumption in the host cells,ammonia production and reactive oxygen species generation.These products induce cell-cycle arrest,apoptosis,and necrosis in gastric epithelial cells.H.pylori GGT may also inhibit apoptosis and induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2,epidermal growth factor-related peptides,inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-8.H.pylori GGT induces immune tolerance through the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and dendritic cell differentiation.The effect of GGT on H.pylori colonization and gastric persistence are also discussed.

Helicobacter pylori γ-glutamyl transpeptidase:A formidable virulence factor

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)produce an enzyme known asγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(HpGGT)that is highly conserved and common to all strains.HpGGT has been gaining increasing attention as an important virulence factor of the bacterium,having been demonstrated to be an important colonization factor in several animal models and has also recently been strongly associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease.From the results of various independent researcher groups,it is clear that HpGGT acts through several pathways to damage gastric epithelial cells including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest,production of reactive oxygen species leading to DNA damage,promotion of inflammation by increasing cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-8 expression,and upregulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor resulting in cell survival and proliferation.In addition,the potential role of HpGGT in promoting gastric carcinogenesis will also be discussed in this review.Apart from affecting the gastric epithelium,HpGGT also has immunomodulatory actions on host immune cells where it displays an antiproliferative effect on T cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and also works with other H.pylori virulence factors to skew dendritic cells towards a tolerogenic phenotype,possibly contributing to the persistence of the pathogen in the gastric mucosa.

Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio Predicts Liver Injury in Hepatitis B e Antigen-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Normal Alanine Aminotransferase

Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious health problem worldwide.Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with detectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is crucial to guide their clinical management.We aimed to investigate the stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as the predictive accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpepti-dase-to-platelet ratio(GPR)in these patients.Methods:A total of 184 treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB pa-tients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT were enrolled.The Scheuer scoring system was used to classify liver inflammation and fibrosis.Results:The distribution of patients with different liver inflammation grades were as follows:G0,0(0%);G1,97(52.7%);G2,68(37.0%);G3,12(6.5%);and G4,7(3.8%).The distribution of patients with different liver fibrosis stages were as follows:S0,22(12.0%);S1,72(39.1%);S2,42(22.8%);S3,19(10.3%);and S4,29(15.8%).The areas under the re-ceiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curves of GPR in predicting significant inflammation,severe inflammation,and advanced inflammation were 0.723,0.895,and 0.952,respectively.The accuracy of GPR was significantly superior to that of ALT in predicting liver inflammation.The AUROCs of GPR in predicting significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis,and cirrhosis were 0.691,0.780,and 0.803,respectively.The predictive accuracy of GPR was significantly higher than that of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on four factors(FIB-4)in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis,and it was superior to FIB-4 but comparable to APRI in identifying significant fibrosis.Conclusions:Nearly half of the HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels had significant liver inflammation or fibrosis.GPR can serve as an accurate predictor of liver inflammation and fibrosis in these patients.

The clinical implication of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in COVID-19

Background and aim:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a life-threatening disease that predomi-nantly causes respiratory failure.The impact of COVID-19 on other organs remains elusive.Herein,we aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the hepatobiliary system.Methods:In the current study,we obtained the clinical records and laboratory results from 66 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 at the Wuhan Tongji Hospital between 10 February 2020 and 28 February 2020.The detailed clinical features and laboratory findings were collected for analysis.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).Results:In this cohort,30(51.7%)patients had abnormal liver function on admission,which was asso-ciated with disease severity and enriched in the male and diabetic patients.The elevated levels of direct bilirubin(P¼0.029)and GGT(P¼0.004)were common in patients with severe pneumonia when compared with those with mild pneumonia.In addition,elevated levels of GGT(P¼0.003)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P¼0.007)were positively associated with longer hospital stay.The expression of ACE2 was closely associated with GGT in various human tissues because they shared the common transcriptional regulator hepatic nuclear factor-1 b(HNF1B).Conclusions:Increased GGT levels were common in severe cases and elevated GGT levels were positively associated with prolonged hospital stay and disease severity.Due to the consistent expression with ACE2,GGT is a potent biomarker indicating the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

GGT/PLT比值对广东地区慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化分期的预测价值

目的探讨GGT/PLT比值(GPR)预测广东地区慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化分期的价值。方法收集2010年1月-2016年12月于广州市第八人民医院行肝活组织检查诊断为慢性乙型肝炎的患者501例,其中HBe Ag阳性335例,HBe Ag阴性166例。分析比较GPR、GGT、AST/PLT指数(APRI)及FIB-4对肝纤维化分期(F1~F4)的预测价值。Spearman相关系数分析诊断模型指标与肝纤维化分期的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评估各模型对肝纤维化分期的预测价值。结果肝活组织病理检查作为金标准,F1~F4期患者分别为141、183、139、38例。Spearman相关分析显示,HBe Ag阳性和HBe Ag阴性患者GGT、GPR、APRI和FIB-4均与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(r值分别为0.459、0.526、0.320、0.470、0.272、0.366、0.288、0.388,P值均<0.001),PLT与肝纤维化分期呈负相关(r值分别为-0.333、-0.349,P值均<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,GPR对于HBe Ag阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者明显肝纤维化(≥F2)、进展期肝纤维化(≥F3)及早期肝硬化(F4)的预测价值优于GGT和APRI(P值均<0.05),而与FIB-4的预测价值相近(P值均>0.05);GPR对于HBe Ag阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者明显肝纤维化(≥F2)的预测价值优于GGT和APRI(P值均<0.05),对进展期肝纤维化(≥F3)的预测价值优于GGT(P<0.05),而对早期肝硬化(F4)的预测价值与GGT、APRI、FIB-4相近(P值均>0.05)。结论 GPR可以作为广东地区慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化分期的无创生化预测指标,尤其是对于HBe Ag阳性患者,其预测价值与FIB-4相近,亦不亚于APRI。

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值对血清转氨酶正常的慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化的预测价值分析

目的探讨γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值(GPR)预测转氨酶正常的慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化分期的价值。方法 2010年～2016年我院诊治的血清转氨酶正常的慢性HBV感染者202例,经肝活检诊断肝纤维化,计算GPR、AST与PLT比值指数(APRI)和基于4因素的肝纤维化指数(FIB-4)预测明显肝纤维化(≥F2)、进展期肝纤维化(≥F3)和早期肝硬化(F4)的效能。应用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)判断诊断效能。结果经肝组织病理学检查,本组发现F1、F2、F3和F4分别为82例、60例、39例和21例;F4组GPR、APRI和FIB-4分别为0.4(0.2,1.0)、(0.6±0.2)和1.6 (0.9,1.8),而F3组分别为0.2 (0.2,0.4)、(0.6±0.2)和0.9 (0.9,1.2),F2组则分别为0.2 (0.1,0.3)、0.4±0.2和0.9(0.7,1.3),差异显著(P<0.05);GPR预测明显肝纤维化(≥F2)、进展期肝纤维化(≥F3)和早期肝硬化(F4)的AUC分别是0.739、0.790和0.824,显著高于APRI(分别为0.547、0.731和0.736,P<0.05);GPR预测肝纤维化≥F3的AUC为0.790,显著高于FIB-4(0.748,P<0.05),而FIB-4预测肝纤维化≥F2的AUC为0.777,显著高于GPR(0.739,P<0.05),FIB-4和GPR预测肝硬化(F4)的效能之间无显著性差异(分别为0.824和0.792,P>0.05)。结论 GPR可以预测转氨酶正常的慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化分期,其效能优于APRI,而与FIB-4相比,各有优缺点。GPR可以作为对转氨酶正常的慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化一个无创生化预测指数。

术前血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值指数与乙肝病毒相关性肝细胞癌术后患者预后的关系

目的探讨术前血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值指数(GPRI)与乙肝病毒(HBV)相关性肝细胞癌(HCC)术后患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析368例HBV相关性HCC患者的临床病理资料,将患者分为高GPRI组(GPRI≥0.38,184例)和低GPRI组(GPRI<0.38,184例)。比较2组患者的临床病理特点、无病生存率和总生存率,并利用Cox多因素分析确定影响HBV相关性HCC患者术后无病生存率和总生存率的危险因素。结果与低GPRI组相比,高GPRI组总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶水平更高、肿瘤侵犯大血管的比例更高、最大直径≥10 cm、肿瘤数目≥3个、中晚期HCC患者的比例更高(均P<0.05)。高GPRI组患者术后1、3、5年的无病生存率明显低于低GPRI组患者(50.8%、16.9%、5.7%vs.69.0%、33.3%、10.7%,P=0.001)。高GPRI组患者术后1、3、5年的总生存率也明显低于低GPRI组患者(75.0%、51.8%、36.0%vs.89.8%、72.8%、63.2%,P<0.05)。Cox多因素分析也证实GPRI≥0.38是影响HBV相关性HCC患者术后无病生存率和总生存率的独立危险因素。结论术前GPRI可以预测HBV相关性HCC患者术后的肿瘤复发和远期生存情况。

剪切波弹性成像和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比用于诊断慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化

目的探讨剪切波弹性成像(SWE)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值(GPR)用于诊断慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化的应用价值。方法选择116例CHB患者,在肝脏穿刺活检前行SWE检测及血常规及肝功能检验,记录肝脏硬度(LSM),计算GPR。根据Metavir评分系统将活检所示肝纤维化分为F0~F4共5期,分析Elast PQ和GPR与肝脏纤维化分期的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,比较Elast PQ和GPR诊断CHB患者肝纤维化效能的差异,分析Elast PQ诊断丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)≤2倍正常值上限(ULN)患者肝纤维化的价值。结果Elast PQ和GPR与肝脏纤维化分期均呈正相关(r=0.94,P<0.01;r=0.92,P<0.01)。对于F1~F3期肝纤维化,Elast PQ的诊断效能优于GPR(Z=2.21,P=0.03;Z=2.16,P=0.03;Z=2.27,P=0.02)。Elast PQ对ALT≤1×ULN患者的诊断效能优于其对1×ULN<ALT≤2×ULN者。结论Elast PQ和GPR对ALT≤2×ULN的CHB患者早期肝纤维化分期具有较高价值,Elast PQ的诊断效能更好。

纤维蛋白原/前白蛋白比值、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值在甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌中的应用价值

目的评估纤维蛋白原/前白蛋白比值(FPR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值(GPR)在甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌(AFP-N HCC)患者中的应用价值。方法 2018年3月至2020年3月AFP-N HCC患者(AFP-N HCC组)80例(男58例、女22例),年龄(50.2±9.8)岁。另选取同期健康体检患者(健康组)100例(男60例、女40例),平均年龄(49.8±6.2)岁。Logistic回归分析确定影响AFP-N HCC独立预测因素;ROC曲线确定诊断AFP-N HCC的截断点,计算诊断效能。结果 AFP-N HCC组、健康组PLT、Hb、FIB、PA、ALT、AST、TBil、γ-GT、FPR及GPR具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。以患者是否存在AFP-N HCC为分类标准,将PLT、Hb、FIB、PA、ALT、AST、TBil、γ-GT、FPR及GPR纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。结果显示,ALT、FPR、GPR是评估是否存在AFP-N HCC的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。FPR诊断AFP-N HCC时AUC及95%CI、截断点、敏感度及特异度分别为0.94(0.90~0.96)、11.60、86.5%及88.4%;GPR诊断AFP-N HCC时AUC及95%CI、截断点、敏感度及特异度分别为0.89(0.85~0.92)、0.21、68.4%及94.8%;FPR联合GPR诊断AFPN HCC时AUC及95%CI、敏感度及特异度分别为0.97(0.95~0.99)、91.0%及96.2%。结论 FPR、GPR可作为AFPN HCC诊断的生物学指标,两者联合诊断时效能优异。

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板计数比值对接受一线化疗方案的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌患者的预后价值

目的 探讨γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT)/血小板计数(Platelet, PLT)比值(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio index, GPRI)对接受一线化疗方案的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌患者预后的预测价值。方法 选择138例非手术治疗的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌患者为研究对象,采集患者化疗前外周静脉血,检测GGT水平及PLT,根据公式GPRI=GGT/PLT(×109/L),计算不同患者的GPRI值。以GPRI>0.39为界值,将患者分为高GPRI组及低GPRI组。对患者进行连续性随访,采用卡方检验分析患者临床病理参数对GPRI比值的影响;利用Kaplan-Meier法及Log-rank检验分析GPRI比值对患者预后的影响。结果 (1)受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析显示,GPRI、GGT、PLT的最佳临界值分别为0.39、64.68和178.59,ROC曲线下面积(Area under curve,AUC)分别为0.776、0.659和0.705,GPRI判断患者预后的效能明显优于单独检测GGT和血小板。(2)与低GPRI组相比,高GPRI组患者中>1器官转移及腹膜转移发生率、Ⅳ期患者比例、糖苷类肿瘤标志物(CA19-9)>37 U/mL的患者比例均明显较高(P<0.05)。且>1个器官转移(P=0.002)、腹膜转移(P=0.024)、Ⅳ期(P=0.008)、CA19-9水平(P=0.004)和GPRI>0.39(P=0.033)均是影响患者中位无进展生存期(Progression free survival, PFS)和中位总生存期(Overall survival, OS)的独立性危险因素。(3)所有患者的OS及PFS分别为156 d和217 d。低GPRI组、高GPRI组患者的中位PFS分别为202 d、117 d;中位OS分别为269 d、173 d,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。进一步行亚组分析发现,在转移器官>1个(χ^(2)=18.24,P<0.01)、Ⅳ期(χ^(2)=19.85,P<0.01)和CA19-9水平升高(χ^(2)=12.65,P<0.01)的亚组患者中,低GPRI组患者的OS均明显好于高GPRI组。结论 GPRI对接受一线化疗方案的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌患者的预后有较高的预测价值,有望作为晚期胃癌患者的一项新的预后指标。

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶与血小板比率对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的诊断效能

目的探讨γ-谷氨酰转肽酶与血小板比率(GPR)对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的诊断效能,并与瞬时弹性成像肝脏硬度测定(LSM)值、天冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板比率指数(APRI)及基于4因子的纤维化指数(FIB-4)的诊断效能进行比较。方法回顾性纳入2015年5月至9月于我院接受手术治疗或肝病理活组织检查的慢性乙型肝炎患者。所有患者均在术前空腹下行FibroTouch瞬时弹性成像检查及常规血清学检查,记录LSM值,并计算GPR、APRI及FIB-4。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各指标的诊断效能并对ROC曲线下面积进行比较。结果最终纳入260例慢性乙型肝炎患者,男213例、女47例,平均年龄为(53.49±9.78)岁,体质量指数为(23.36±3.06)kg/m^2。GPR、LSM值、APRI及FIB-4均与S≥2期及S4期肝纤维化中度相关(P均<0.05)。GPR、LSM值、APRI及FIB-4诊断S≥2期肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.81、0.82、0.75和0.72,诊断S4期肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积分别0.82、0.86、0.79和0.75。GPR和LSM值诊断S≥2期及S4期肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积均较FIB-4高(P均<0.05),LSM值诊断S4期肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积较APRI高(P<0.05)。APRI与FIB-4诊断S≥2期和S4期肝纤维化的ROC曲线下面积差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 GPR、LSM值、APRI及FIB-4均对慢性乙型肝炎S≥2期和S4期肝纤维化有一定的诊断准确性;LSM值及GPR对S≥2期和S4期肝纤维化的诊断准确性优于FIB-4,LSM值对S4期肝纤维化的诊断准确性优于APRI。因此,LSM值及GPR可作为无创性评估慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化的优选指标。

谷氨酰转肽酶与血小板比值在评估肝细胞癌肝纤维化分期中的价值

目的探讨谷氨酰转肽酶与血小板比值(gamma-glutamy transpeptidase to platelet ratio,GPR)在评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者肝纤维化分期中的价值。方法收集2015年8月至2016年8月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆外科行肝切除术的HCC患者的临床资料,计算GPR、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶与血小板比值指数(aminotransferase to platelet ratio index,APRI)、FIB4指数(index based on the 4 factors,FIB4),用ROC曲线下面积比较GPR、APRI、FIB4诊断肝纤维化不同分期(S0期、S1期、S2期、S3期、S4期)的效能。结果 GPR、APRI、FIB4、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(P<0.05),而血小板计数(blood platelet count,PLT)与肝纤维化分期呈负相关(r=-0.360,P<0.001);肝纤维化不同分期(S0期、S1期、S2期、S3期、S4期)中,GPR、APRI、FIB4、PLT值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝纤维化>S0期,GPR曲线下面积分别与APRI、FIB4、PLT曲线下面积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝纤维化>S1期和>S3期中,GPR曲线下面积分别相应与APRI、PLT曲线下面积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高于FIB4曲线下面积,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝纤维化>S2期,GPR曲线下面积分别相应与APRI、PLT曲线下面积比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 GPR诊断肝纤维化分期具有较高的准确性,可作为评估HCC患者术前肝纤维化分期的无创性指标。

CHI3L1和GPR对肝纤维化患者的诊断效能比较

目的比较壳多糖酶3样蛋白1(chitinase-3-like protein 1,CHI3L1)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和血小板比值指数(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase platelet ratio index,GPR)对肝纤维化患者的诊断效能。方法回顾性选择2019年1月—2020年6月本院收治的拟诊为肝纤维化患者524例,所有患者均经肝穿刺活检确诊412例,所有患者均检测CHI3L1和GPR水平,并与肝穿刺活检结果比较。结果不同分期肝纤维化CHI3L1和GPR水平比较,随着肝纤维化严重程度增加而增加(P<0.05)。CHI3L1检查肝纤维化患者与活体穿刺结果准确率为96.84%,Kappa=0.76,提示CHI3L1检查与活体穿刺结果有较高的一致性;GPR检查与活体穿刺准确率为52.91%,Kappa=0.48,提示GPR检查肝纤维化患者与肝活体穿刺结果的一致性一般。CHI3L1诊断肝纤维化的AUC为0.939,灵敏度为89.83%,特异度为77.75%;GPR诊断肝纤维化的AUC为0.829,灵敏度为79.66%,特异度为79.77%。CHI3L1检验肝纤维化的AUC高于GPR检验肝纤维化的AUC。结论CHI3L1较GPR更利于作为肝纤维化的诊断及不同分期肝纤维化的标记物,因其不同分期表达水平不同,其也可作为动态观察肝纤维化进展的检测标记物。

非侵入性肝纤维化评分在肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张严重程度预测中的运用

目的 评估无创检查预测食管静脉曲张严重程度及出血的可能性。方法 收集2021年1月至2022年5月包头医学院第二附属医院86例肝病患者的临床资料,包括实验室检查、影像学检查、胃镜检查。根据胃镜检查评估食管静脉曲张严重程度。APRI、GPR、FIB-4、S-index、AAR、GAPRI对肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张出血严重程度的预测价值。结果 APRI、GPR、FIB-4、S-index、AAR、GAPRI评估肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张出血严重程度的曲线下面积分别为0.646、0.637、0.634、0.632、0.566、0.636,特异度分别56.72%、89.74%、36.84%、73.68%,57.89%、89.47%,敏感度分别为56.72%、40.30%、91.04%、55.22%、61.19%、40.30%。食管静脉曲张轻度组中血小板、ALT、RDW分别为(114.47±50.71)×109、(34.74±15.81)U/L、(16.889±2.252),严重组为(95.79±42.27)×10^(9)、(42.52±24.97)U/L、(15.849±2.602),差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻度组APRI、FIB-4、S-index、 GAPRI、 GPR、AAR分别为0.637(0.409,0.895)、0.637(0.409,0.895)、3.562(2.166,6.155)、0.435(0.211,0.984)、43.810(26.829,64.021)、0.730(0.447,1.067)、1.555±0.623,严重组分别为0.901(0.524,1.407)、0.901(0.524,1.407)、4.5(3.335,6.991)、0.891(0.327,1.778) 61.000(29.126,144.444)、1.017(0.485,2.407)、1.482±0.720,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 APRI、GPR、GAPRI、S-index对肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张出血严重程度有一定预测价值,其中APRI预测价值更大。

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients of Bangladesh

AIM: To explore the prevalence and risk factors for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. METHODS: We have included 493 patients with sonographic evidence of a fatty change, and 177 of these individuals were evaluated and confirmed after liver biopsy. The exclusion criteria consisted of significant alcohol abuse (【 20 g daily), evidence of hepatitis B and C, evidence of drug-induced fatty liver disease and other specific liver diseases such as hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease or autoimmune liver disease. The patients were assessed for metabolic syndrome, and biochemical, anthropometric and histopathological evaluations were carried out. The degree of disease activity in the NAFLD patients was evaluated using the NAFLD Activity Score. The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16.0. RESULTS: Females predominated among the study participants (250, 57.0%), and the mean age was 40.8 ± 10.2 years. The numbers of overweight, obeseⅠ and obese Ⅱ patients were 58 (13.2%), 237 (53.9%) and 93 (21.2%), respectively. However, there were 422 (96.2%) centrally obese patients. NASH was absent in 10 (5.6%) cases, borderline in 92 (52.6%) cases and present in 75 (42.4%) cases. The presence of diabetes could significantly (P = 0.001) differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. The following parameters did not influence the development of NASH: age, sex, basal metabolic index, waist circumference, serum high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, insulin resistance index, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level was significantly higher (P = 0.05, 51.7 ± 32.8 and 40.4 ± 22.6 U/L) in the NASH patients, with a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of only 68%. The serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were not able to predict NASH. CONCLUSION: Females were the predominant sufferers of NAFLD in Bangladesh. The prevalence of NASH was high. Diabetes was found to be the main culprit in developing NASH. GGT was the only biochemical marker of NASH. We recommend liver biopsy in NAFLD patients who have diabetes and elevated GGT.

Relationship between alcohol consumption and clinical manifestation of patients with fatty liver:a single-center study

BACKGROUND:Fatty liver is a common chronic liver disease worldwide.It is associated with an increasing morbidity in China in recent years.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of drinking alcohol on the hemoglobin and biochemical values of patients with fatty liver.METHODS:We investigated the clinical and laboratory data of 669 patients with fatty liver.Of the 669 patients,166 consumed alcohol more than 60 g per week for at least 2 years,and 503 did not have a history of long-term alcohol consumption.We further analyzed the relationship between alcohol consumption and clinical characteristics of these patients.RESULTS:The values of aspartate transaminase (AST),gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT),and hemoglobin in the long-term consumption group were significantly higher than those in the non long-term consumption group (P<0.05).In the patients without long-term alcohol consumption,the values of GGT and hemoglobin in patients with light alcohol consumption were significantly higher than those in non alcohol consumers (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Alcohol consumption is associated with significantly increased values of AST,GGT,and hemoglobin in patients with fatty liver,suggesting their potential roles in hepatic steatosis.

Silymarin in non alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatic effects of silybum marianum on non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: In 72 patients affected by NAFLD, main metabolic, hepatic and anti-inflammatory parameters were assayed after 3 mo of a restricted diet and before silymarin treatment (twice a day orally). The brightness of liver echography texture (hepatorenal ratio brightness) was also defined at same time. These evaluations were repeated after 6 mo of treatment. RESULTS: Serum levels of some metabolic and anti-inflammatory data nonsignificantly lowered after 6 mo of silymarin. On the contrary, Steato test, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced. Instead, the AST/ALT ratio unchanged. Finally, the hepatorenal brightness ratio, as an index of hepatic steatosis, significantly (P < 0.05) dropped. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate that silymarin appears to be effective to reduce the biochemical, inflammatory and ultrasonic indices of hepatic steatosis. Some parameters indicative of early stage of atherosclerosis were also lowered.

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和血小板比值对肝癌介入术后急性肝功能恶化的预测作用

目的探讨γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和血小板比值指数(γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio index,GPRI)对原发性肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后发生急性肝功能恶化(acute liver function deterioration,ALFD)的预测作用。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年12月接受TACE碘油栓塞治疗的141例肝癌临床资料,按文中标准分为ALFD组与对照组,对比两组患者的肝生化指标和GPRI,用ROC曲线和分层卡方检验分析GPRI指数对TACE术后ALFD的预测能力。结果ALFD组Child评分、GPRI指数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。Child-Pugh评分、GPRI AUC分别为0.774、0.784,差异无统计学意义,最佳截点值分别为2.02、6。预测TACE术后ALFD的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和正确率分别为0.735、0.785、0.521、0.903、0.779和0.588、0.888、0.606、0.870、0.808。分层分析显示,GPRI>2.02是ALFD的危险因素。结论GPRI对肝癌TACE术后ALFD风险具有一定预测价值,GPRI≤2.02可以安全接受TACE治疗,有助于筛选术后ALFD风险难以确定的Child-Pugh B级肝癌患者。

瞬时超声弹性成像联合GGT/PLT比值预测慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化价值研究

目的 研究应用肝脏硬度检测(LSM)联合血清谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)/血小板计数(PLT)比值(GPR)预测慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化的价值。方法 2019年2月~2021年2月我院诊治的175例CHB患者,均接受核苷(酸)类抗病毒治疗,行肝活检了解肝纤维化情况,常规检测血清层粘连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸酶(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),检测血生化指标和血常规,计算GPR。使用Fibroscan行LSM检测。应用Logistic回归分析影响肝纤维化发生的因素,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评估LSM联合GPR预测显著性肝纤维化的价值。结果 在175例CHB患者中,组织病理学检查发现显著性肝纤维化者25例(F_(2)期10例,F3期9例,F_(4)期6例),无或轻微肝纤维化者150例(F0期138例,F_(1)期12例);F_(1)期、F_(2)期、F3期和F_(4)期CHB患者LSM分别为(5.3±1.1)kPa、(10.6±2.3)kPa、(14.1±3.4)kPa和(19.3±4.1)kPa, GPR分别为(0.2±0.1)、(0.3±0.1)、(0.4±0.1)和(0.5±0.1),组间差异显著(P<0.05);显著性肝纤维化组血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、HA水平及LSM和GPR分别为(69.3±6.4)U/L、(87.4±7.1)U/L、(17.6±3.2)ng/ml、(19.2±3.4)ng/ml、(96.2±9.9)ng/ml、(14.9±3.7)kPa、(0.4±0.1),均显著高于非显著性肝纤维化组【分别为(31.2±5.4)U/L、(31.1±4.5)U/L、(10.2±2.0)ng/ml、(13.4±2.4)ng/ml、(52.8±8.9)ng/ml、(5.9±1.1)kPa和(0.2±0.1),P<0.05】;经Logistic回归分析,结果表明Ⅳ-C、HA及LSM和GPR均为发生显著性肝纤维化的影响因素(P<0.05);经ROC分析显示,LSM和GPR预测显著性肝纤维化截断点分别为10.4 kPa和0.3,两组联合预测的AUC为0.975,其灵敏度为76.0%,特异度为98.0%。结论 对于接受抗病毒治疗的CHB患者,检测LSM和计算GPR能够预测肝纤维化程度,值得进一步研究。