Recent developments in selective laser processes for wearable devices

Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

Compute Unified Device Architecture Implementation of Euler/Navier-Stokes Solver on Graphics Processing Unit Desktop Platform for 2-D Compressible Flows

Personal desktop platform with teraflops peak performance of thousands of cores is realized at the price of conventional workstations using the programmable graphics processing units(GPUs).A GPU-based parallel Euler/Navier-Stokes solver is developed for 2-D compressible flows by using NVIDIA′s Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)programming model in CUDA Fortran programming language.The techniques of implementation of CUDA kernels,double-layered thread hierarchy and variety memory hierarchy are presented to form the GPU-based algorithm of Euler/Navier-Stokes equations.The resulting parallel solver is validated by a set of typical test flow cases.The numerical results show that dozens of times speedup relative to a serial CPU implementation can be achieved using a single GPU desktop platform,which demonstrates that a GPU desktop can serve as a costeffective parallel computing platform to accelerate computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations substantially.

The effects of a new shape-memory alloy interspinous process device on the distribution of intervertebral disc pressures in vitro

This study was designed to measure the pressure distribution of the intervertebral disc under different degrees of distraction of the interspinous process, because of a suspicion that the degree of distraction of the spinous process may have a close relationship with the disc load share. Six human cadaver lumbar spine L2-L5 segments were loaded in flexion, neutral position, and extension. The L3-L4 disc load was measured at each position using pressure measuring films. Shape-memory interspinous process implants （SMID） with different spacer heights, ranging in size from 10 to 20 mm at 2 mm increments, were used. It was found that a SMID with a spacer height equal to the distance of the interspinous process in the neutral position can share the biomechanical disc load without a significant change of load in the anterior annulus. An interspinous process stabilizing device （IPD） would not be appropriate to use in those cases with serious spinal stenosis because the over-distraction of the interspinous process by the SMID would lead to overloading the anterior annulus which is a recognized cause of disc degeneration.

Formation Process of Magnetized Fusion Target on the YingGuang 1 Device

Magnetized target fusion is an alternative method to fulfill the goal of controlled fusion, which combines advan- tages of both magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion since its parameter space lies between the two traditional ways. Field reversed configuration （FFtC） is a good candidate of magnetized targets due to its translatable, compressible, high /3 and high energy density properties. Dynamic formation process of high density FFtC is observed on the YingGuang 1 device for the first time in China. The evolution of a magnetic field is detected with magnetic probes, and the compression process can be clearly seen from images taken with a high-speed multi-frame CCD camera. The process is also studied with two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic code MPF-2D theoretically, and the results agree well with the experiment. Combining the experimental data and the theoretical analysis, the length of the formed FRC is about 39 cm, the diameter is about 2-2. 7cm, the average density is 1.3× 1016 cm-3, and the average temperature is 137eV.

Inorganic and Organic Solution-Processed Thin Film Devices

Thin films and thin film devices have a ubiquitous presence in numerous conventional and emerging technologies. This is because of the recent advances in nanotechnology, the development of functional and smart materials,conducting polymers, molecular semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, and the employment of unique properties of thin films and ultrathin films, such as high surface area, controlled nanostructure for effective charge transfer, and special physical and chemical properties, to develop new thin film devices. This paper is therefore intended to provide a concise critical review and research directions on most thin film devices, including thin film transistors, data storage memory, solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, thermoelectric devices, smart materials, sensors, and actuators. The thin film devices may consist of organic, inorganic, and composite thin layers, and share similar functionality, properties, and fabrication routes. Therefore, due to the multidisciplinary nature of thin film devices, knowledge and advances already made in one area may be applicable to other similar areas. Owing to the importance of developing low-cost, scalable, and vacuum-free fabrication routes, this paper focuses on thin film devices that may be processed and deposited from solution.

Research on Detection Device for Broken Wires of Coal Mine-Hoist Cable

In order to overcome the flaws of present domestic devices for detecting faulty wires such as low precision,low sensitivity and instability,a new instrument for detecting and processing the signal of flux leakage caused by bro-ken wires of coal mine-hoist cables is investigated. The principle of strong magnetic detection was adopted in the equipment. Wires were magnetized by a pre-magnetic head to reach magnetization saturation. Our special feature is that the number of flux-gates installed along the circle direction on the wall of sensors is twice as large as the number of strands in the wire cable. Neighboring components are connected in series and the interference on the surface of the wire cable,produced by leakage from the flux field of the wire strands,is efficiently filtered. The sampled signal se-quence produced by broken wires,which is characterized by a three-dimensional distribution of the flux-leakage field on the surface of the wire cable,can be dimensionally condensed and characteristically extracted. A model of a BP neu-ral network is built and the algorithm of the BP neural network is then used to identify the number of broken wires quantitatively. In our research,we used a 6×37+FC,Φ24 mm wire cable as our test object. Randomly several wires were artificially broken and damaged to different degrees. The experiments were carried out 100 times to obtain data for 100 groups from our samples. The data were then entered into the BP neural network and trained. The network was then used to identify a total 16 wires,broken at five different locations. The test data proves that our new device can enhance the precision in detecting broken and damaged wires.

A review of manufacturing technologies for silicon carbide superjunction devices

Superjunction technology is believed to reach the optimal specific on-resistance and breakdown voltage trade-off.It has become a mainstream technology in silicon high-voltage metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor devices.Numerous efforts have been conducted to employ the same concept in silicon carbide devices.These works are summarized here.

A review of ultrafast laser micro/nano fabrication:Material processing,surface/interface controlling,and devices fabrication

Ultrafast laser processing technology has offered a wide range of opportunities in micro/nano fabrication and other fields such as nanotechnology,biotechnology,energy science,and photonics due to its controllable processing precision,diverse processing capabilities,and broad material adaptability.The processing abilities and applications of the ultrafast laser still need more exploration.In the field of material processing,controlling the atomic scale structure in nanomaterials is challenging.Complex effects exist in ultrafast laser surface/interface processing,making it difficult to modulate the nanostructure and properties of the surface/interface as required.In the ultrafast laser fabrication of micro functional devices,the processing ability needs to be improved.Here,we review the research progress of ultrafast laser micro/nano fabrication in the areas of material processing,surface/interface controlling,and micro functional devices fabrication.Several useful ultrafast laser processing methods and applications in these areas are introduced.With various processing effects and abilities,the ultrafast laser processing technology has demonstrated application values in multiple fields from science to industry.

APPLICATION OF MVP IN REAL TIME IMAGE PROCESSING

MVP is a digital signal processor, which is of MIMD structure and fit for multimedia application. MVP has several processors in it, and its operation is characteristic of parallelism and pipeline; therefore, real-time signal processing can be done on it. This paper presents the image processing system based on MVP, explains the principles of parallel task assignment and hardware pipeline design, and gives out the example of target tracking and edge detection.

Hybrid Fiber Optical Bistability and Optical Signal Processing

A hybrid fiber optical bistable device with electrical feedback has been proposed and analyzed.Bistability operation and some applications for optical signal processing have been realized experimentally .

Multi-Service Oriented Devices Aggregation Mechanism n Ubiquitous End Environment

In ubiquitous stub environment, it is a critical challenge to design an optimal device aggregation mechanism to meet all requested ubiquitous services simultaneously with resource- limited devices and bandwidth-limited network. Firstly, Multi-Service oriented Devices Aggregation Problem is generalized and formulated based on QoS-metric with Multi-attribute Decision Making. Secondly, a Multi-Service oriented Devices Aggregation Mechanism is proposed to deal the problem in which there are two processes： Dimensionless Processing and Device Aggregation Approach. At last, the simulation is implemented with OPNET and MATLAB. We integrate different QoS factors, such as Average Utility, Utility distribution, Total Utility distribution and Service Failure Rate, to reflect user experience.

Graphic Processing Unit-Accelerated Neural Network Model for Biological Species Recognition

A graphic processing unit (GPU)-accelerated biological species recognition method using partially connected neural evolutionary network model is introduced in this paper. The partial connected neural evolutionary network adopted in the paper can overcome the disadvantage of traditional neural network with small inputs. The whole image is considered as the input of the neural network, so the maximal features can be kept for recognition. To speed up the recognition process of the neural network, a fast implementation of the partially connected neural network was conducted on NVIDIA Tesla C1060 using the NVIDIA compute unified device architecture (CUDA) framework. Image sets of eight biological species were obtained to test the GPU implementation and counterpart serial CPU implementation, and experiment results showed GPU implementation works effectively on both recognition rate and speed, and gained 343 speedup over its counterpart CPU implementation. Comparing to feature-based recognition method on the same recognition task, the method also achieved an acceptable correct rate of 84.6% when testing on eight biological species.

Design and application of a multichannel"cross"hot tearing tendency device:A study on hot tearing tendency of Al alloys

Hot tearing is one of the most serious defects during the casting solidification process.In this study,a new type of multichannel"cross"hot tearing device was designed.The hot cracks initiation and propagation were predicted by the relationship between temperature,shrinkage force and solidification time during the casting solidification process.The reliability and practicability of the multichannel"cross"hot tearing device were verified by casting experiments and numerical simulations.The theoretical calculation based on Clyne-Davies model and numerical simulation results show that the hot tearing tendency decreases in the order:2024 Al alloy>Al-Cu alloy>Al-Si alloy at a pouring temperature of 670°C and a mold temperature of 25°C.Feeding of liquid films at the end of solidification plays an important role in the propagation process of hot tearing.The decrease of hot tearing tendency is attributed to the feeding of liquid film and intergranular bridging.

Multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann simulations of lid driven flows using graphics processing unit

Large eddy simulation （LES） using the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity model is added to the two-dimensional nine velocity components （D2Q9） lattice Boltzmann equation （LBE） with multi-relaxation-time （MRT） to simulate incompressible turbulent cavity flows with the Reynolds numbers up to 1 × 10^7. To improve the computation efficiency of LBM on the numerical simulations of turbulent flows, the massively parallel computing power from a graphic processing unit （GPU） with a computing unified device architecture （CUDA） is introduced into the MRT-LBE-LES model. The model performs well, compared with the results from others, with an increase of 76 times in computation efficiency. It appears that the higher the Reynolds numbers is, the smaller the Smagorinsky constant should be, if the lattice number is fixed. Also, for a selected high Reynolds number and a selected proper Smagorinsky constant, there is a minimum requirement for the lattice number so that the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity will not be excessively large.

An Overview of Basics Speech Recognition and Autonomous Approach for Smart Home IOT Low Power Devices

Automatic speech recognition, often incorrectly called voice recognition, is a computer based software technique that analyzes audio signals captured by a microphone and translates them into machine interpreted text. Speech processing is based on techniques that need local CPU or cloud computing with an Internet link. An activation word starts the uplink;“OK google”, “Alexa”, … and voice analysis is not usually suitable for autonomous limited CPU system (16 bits microcontroller) with low energy. To achieve this realization, this paper presents specific techniques and details an efficiency voice command method compatible with an embedded IOT low-power device.

A Device to Improve Collaborative Practices of Sanitation Department Agents of a Territory: The Case of the Lamkansa District in Casablanca

The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-temporal dimensions including all agents assembled for the task. This proposal was tested in the Lamkansa neighborhood in Casablanca, Morocco. The employed approach is based GIS resources and on systemic analysis of communication present in a territory. We were inspired by several methodological developments that carried multi-actor processes in land use planning. We focused our work on strengthening the collaboration between professionals, field agents and office agents, in the process of design and monitoring the liquid sanitation system. The device is based on geolocation and synchronous feedback of topological, geographical, and multimedia data related to the liquid sanitation network. Thanks to a geo-collaborative, participative, and motivating logic, we reduced the management costs of the network and made it faster and more efficient by equally mobilizing another type of non-specialized actors (the inhabitants). This device uses spatial and temporal dimensions to consolidate collaborative work tools through ICT and GIS technologies that thematize and exchange information collected in the field. Furthermore, this device raises great interest as it entails the concept of integration of several actors in a geo-collaborative mode while combining geomatics with communication and information sciences.

Electrical and dielectric characterization of Au/ZnO/n-Si device depending frequency and voltage

Au/Zn O/n-type Si device is obtained using atomic layer deposition（ALD） for Zn O layer, and some main electrical parameters are investigated, such as surface/interface state（Nss）, barrier height（Φb）, series resistance（Rs）, donor concentration（Nd）, and dielectric characterization depending on frequency or voltage. These parameters are acquired by use of impedance spectroscopy measurements at frequencies ranging from 10 k Hz to 1 MHz and the direct current（DC） bias voltages in a range from-2 V to ＋2 V at room temperature are used. The main electrical parameters and dielectric parameters,such as dielectric constant（ε＂）, dielectric loss（ε＂）, loss tangent（tan δ）, the real and imaginary parts of electric modulus（M and M）, and alternating current（AC） electrical conductivity（σ） are affected by changing voltage and frequency. The characterizations show that some main electrical parameters usually decrease with increasing frequency because charge carriers at surface states have not enough time to fallow an external AC signal at high frequencies, and all dielectric parameters strongly depend on the voltage and frequency especially in the depletion and accumulation regions. Consequently, it can be concluded that interfacial polarization and interface charges can easily follow AC signal at low frequencies.

A Device Design for 5 nm Logic FinFET Technology

With the continuous scaling in conventional CMOS technologies,the planar MOSFET device is limited by the severe short-channel-effect(SCE),Multi-gate FETs(MuG-FET)such as FinFETs and Nanowire,Nanosheet devices have emerged as the most promising candidates to extend the CMOS scaling beyond sub-22 nm node.The multi-gate structure has better short channel behaviors due to enhanced control from the multiple gates.Due to the relatively more mature process and rich learning of the device physics,the FinFET is still extended to 5 nm technology node.In this paper,we proposed a 5 nm FINFET device,which is based on typical 5 nm logic design rules.To achieve the challenging device performance target,which is around 15%speed gain or 25%power reduction against the 7 nm device,we have performed an optimization on the process parameters and iterate through device simulation with the consideration of current process capability.Based on our preferred device architecture,we provide our brief process flow,key dimensions,and simulated device DC/AC performance,like Vt,Idsat,SS,DIBL and parasitic parameters.As a part of the final evaluation,RO simulation result has been checked,which demonstrates that the Performance Per Area(PPA)is close to industry reference 5 nm performance.

A Versatile High-speed Image Processing System Based on DSP and CPLD

In this paper, we present an optimized design method for high-speed embedded image processing system using 32 bit floating-point Digital Signal Processor （DSP） and Complex Programmable Logic Device （CPLD）. The DSP acts as the main processor of the system： executes digital image processing algorithms and operates other devices such as image sensor and CPLD. The CPLD is used to acquire images and achieve complex logic control of the whole system. Some key technologies are introduced to enhance the performance of our system. In particular, the use of DSP/BIOS tool to develop DSP applications makes our program run much more efficiently. As a result, this system can provide an excellent computing platform not only for executing complex image processing algorithms, but also for other digital signal processing or multi-channel data collection by choosing different sensors or Analog-to-Digital （A/D） converters.

Modeling of HV Devices Maintenance

The paper presents an approach to mathematical modeling of maintenance procedures.With regard to the random characteristic of states changes and damage of electrical power devices,the maintenance models of these processes based on Markov random processes theory have been proposed.Simulations based on the proposed models concern the analysis of reliability and probability of damage of electrical power devices as a function of time.