Structural impairment patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer and retinal ganglion cell layer in mitochondrial optic neuropathies

AIM：To evaluate the structural injure patterns in peripapillary retinal fiber layer （pRNFL）, retinal ganglion cell layer （RGCL） and their correlations to visual function in various mitochondrial optic neuropathies （MON） to offer help to their differential diagnosis.METHODS：Totally 32 MON patients （60 eyes） were recruited within 6mo after clinical onsets, including 20 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy （LHON） patients （37eyes）, 12 ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy （EON）patients （23 eyes）, and 41 age-gender matched healthy controls （HC, 82 eyes）. All subjects had pRNFL and RGCL examinations with optic coherence tomography （OCT） and visual function tests.RESULTS：In the early stages of MON, the temporal pRNFL thickness decreased （66.09±22.57μm）, but increased in other quadrants, compared to HC （76.95±14.81μm）. The other quadrants remaining stable for LHON and EON patients besides the second hour sector of pRNFL thickness reduced and the temporal pRNFL decreased （56.78±15.87μm） for EON. Total macular thickness in MON reduced remarkably（279.25±18.90μm; P=0.015）, which mainly occurring in the inner circle （3 mm diameter of circle） and the nasal temporal sectors in the outer circle （5.5 mm diameter of circle）, in contrast to those in HC. RGCL thickness reduced in each sector of the macula （61.90±8.73μm; P≤0.001）. It strongly showed the correlationship of best corrected visual acuity （R=0.50, P=0.0003） and visual field injury （R=0.54,P=0.0002） in MON patients.CONCLUSION：OCT is a potential tool for detecting structural alterations in the optic nerves of various MON. Different types of MON may have different damage patterns.

Acute changes in ganglion cell layer thickness in ischemic optic neuropathy compared to optic neuritis using optical coherence tomography

AIM:To elucidate the changes of different ganglion cell layer(GCL)thinning patterns between the optic neuritis(ON)and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION).METHODS:A prospective,observational study was conducted to evaluate the timing of GCL changes between acute ON and NAION using optical coherence tomography.RESULTS:Thinning on optical coherence tomography in the NAION group occurs as early as 11 d after symptomatic onset of vision loss and follows an altitudinal pattern.The mean superior-inferior GCL thickness difference in the NAION cohort was clinically significant at 5.7μm in the NAION cohort compared to controls of 0.8μm(P=0.032),but not significant in the ON group compared to controls with both groups measuring 1.1μm.Global thinning was significant for the ON group compared to controls at 7.2μm(P=0.011)but not the NAION group compared to controls at 1.35μm.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that future treatments for NAION should be given early,and possibly before 11 d in order to prevent GCL and irreversible vision loss.

Discriminating performance of macular ganglion cellinner plexiform layer thicknesses at different stages of glaucoma

AIM: To determine the discriminating performance of the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) parameters between all the consecutive stages of glaucoma(from healthy to moderate-to-severe glaucoma), and to compare it with the discriminating performances of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) parameters and optic nerve head(ONH) parameters.METHODS: Totally 147 eyes(40 healthy, 40 glaucoma suspects, 40 early glaucoma, and 27 moderate-to-severe glaucoma) of 133 subjects were included. Optical coherence tomography(OCT) was obtained using Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. The diagnostic performances of GC-IPL, RNFL, and ONH parameters were evaluated by determining the area under the curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: All GC-IPL parameters discriminated glaucoma suspect patients from subjects with healthy eyes and moderate-to-severe glaucoma from early glaucoma patients(P<0.017, for all). Also, minimum, inferotemporal and inferonasal GC-IPL parameters discriminated early glaucoma patients from glaucoma suspects, whereas no RNFL or ONH parameter could discriminate between the two. The best parameters to discriminate glaucoma suspects from subjects with healthy eyes were superonasal GC-IPL, superior RNFL and average c/d ratio(AUC=0.746, 0.810 and 0.746, respectively). Discriminating performances of all the parameters for early glaucoma vs glaucoma suspect comparison were lower than that of the other consecutive group comparisons, with the bestGC-IPL parameters being minimum and inferotemporal(AUC=0.669 and 0.662, respectively). Moreover, minimum GC-IPL, average RNFL, and rim area(AUC=0.900, 0.858, 0.768, respectively) were the best parameters for discriminating moderate-to-severe glaucoma patients from early glaucoma patients.CONCLUSION: GC-IPL parameters can discriminate glaucoma suspect patients from subjects with healthy eyes, and also all the consecutive stages of glaucoma from each other(from glaucoma suspect to moderate-tosevere glaucoma). Further, the discriminating performance of GC-IPL thicknesses is comparable to that.

Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macula and ganglion cell thickness in amblyopia using spectral optical coherence tomography

AIM:To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (GCC) in amblyopic eyes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS:Thirty six patients with a history of unilateral amblyopia and thirty two children who had emmetropia without amblyopia were included in this study. In this institutional study, 36 eyes of 36 patients with amblyopia (AE), 36 fellow eyes without amblyopia (FE), and 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects (NE) were included. RNFL, GCC and macular thickness measurements were performed with RS-3000 OCT Retina Scan (Nidek Inc CA. USA). RESULTS:The mean global thicknesses of the RNFL were 113.22 ±21.47, 111.57 ±18.25, 109.96 ±11.31μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for mean global RNFL thickness among the eyes (P =0.13). The mean thicknesses of the macula were 258.25±18.31, 258.75±19.54, 248.62±10.57μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of macula among the eyes (P =0.06). The GCC was investigated into two parts:superior and inferior. The mean thicknesses of superior GCC were 102.57 ±13.32, 103.32 ±10.64, 100.52 ± 5.88μm in the AE, FE, and NE, respectively. The mean thicknesses of inferior GCC were 103.82 ±12.60, 107.82 ± 12.33, 105.86±10.79μm in the AE, FE and NE, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference for thickness of superior and inferior GCC between the eyes (P =0.63, P =0.46). ·CONCLUSION:The macular thicknesses of AE and FE were greater than the NE, although it was not statistically significant. Amblyopia does not seem to have a profound effect on the RNFL, macula and GCC.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in children with obesity

AIM：To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）thickness analysis of peripapillary optic nerve head（PONH） and macula as well as ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） thickness in obese children.· METHODS：Eighty-five children with obesity and 30 controls were included in the study.The thicknesses of the PONH and macula of each subject＇s right eye were measured by high-resolution spectral-domain optic coherence tomography（OCT）.· RESULTS：The RNFL thicknesses of central macular and PONH were similar between the groups（all P 〉0.05）.The GCIPL thickness was also similar between the groups.However,the RNFL thickness of temporal outer macula were 261.7±13.7 and 268.9±14.3 μm for the obesity and the control group,respectively（P =0.034）.· CONCLUSION：Obesity may cause a reduction in temporal outer macular RNFL thickness.

Comparisons of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss patterns and its diagnostic performance between normal tension glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma: a detailed, severity-based study

AIM: To evaluate the patterns of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) loss in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in a detailed, disease severity-matched way;and to assess the diagnostic capabilities of GCIPL thickness parameters in discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 157 eyes of 157 subjects, including 57 normal eyes, 51 eyes with POAG and 49 eyes with NTG were enrolled and strictly matched in age, refraction, and disease severity between POAG and NTG groups. The average, minimum, superotemporal, superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal GCIPL thickness, and the average, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness were obtained by Cirrus optical coherence tomography(OCT). The diagnostic capabilities of OCT parameters were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curves. RESULTS: Among all the OCT thickness parameters, no statistical significant difference between NTG group and POAG group was found(all P>0.05). In discriminating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, the average and inferior RNFL thickness, and the minimum GCIPL thickness had better diagnostic capabilities. There was no significant difference in AUROC curve between the best GCIPL thickness parameter(minimum GCIPL) and the best RNFL thickness parameter in discriminating NTG(inferior RNFL;P=0.076) and indiscriminating POAG(average RNFL;P=0.913) from normal eyes.CONCLUSION: Localized GCIPL loss, especially in the inferior and inferotemporal sectors, is more common in NTG than in POAG. Among all the GCIPL thickness parameters, the minimum GCIPL thickness has the best diagnostic performance in differentiating NTG or POAG from normal subjects, which is comparable to that of the average and inferior RNFL thickness.

Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform and nerve fiber layers in neuromyelitis optica

AIM： To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer（GCIPL） and the retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL） in patients with neuromyelitis optica（NMO）.METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 30 NMO patients with a total of 60 eyes. Based on the presence or absence of optic neuritis（ON）, subjects were divided into either the NMO-ON group（30 eyes） or the NMO-ON contra group（10 eyes）. A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed for each group; subsequently, the GCIPL and the RNFL were measured using highdefinition optical coherence tomography（OCT）. RESULTS： In the NMO-ON group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 69.28±21.12 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 66.02±10.02 μm, and the RNFL thickness were 109.33±11.23, 110.47±3.10, 64.92±12.71 and 71.21±50.22 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the NMO-ON contra group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 85.12±17.09 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 25.39±25.1 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 148.33±23.22, 126.36±23.45, 82.21±22.30 and 83.36±31.28 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the control group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 86.98±22.37 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 85.28±10.75 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 150.22±22.73, 154.79±60.23, 82.33±7.01 and 85.62±13.81 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. The GCIPL and RNFL were thinner in the NMO-ON contra group than in the control group（P〈0.05）; additionally, the RNFL was thinner in the inferior quadrant in the NMO-ON group than in the control group（P〈0.05）. Significant correlations were observed between the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measurements as well as between thickness measurements and the two visual field parameters of mean deviation（MD） and corrected pattern standard deviation（PSD） in the NMO-ON group（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The thickness of the GCIPL and RNFL, as measured using OCT, may indicate optic nerve damage in patients with NMO.

Effect of infusion pressure during cataract surgery on ganglion cells measured using isolated-check visual evoked potential

AIM： To detect the relationship between infusion pressure and postoperative ganglion cells function.METHODS： This prospective observational cohort study included sixty-one eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to infusion time（IT） recorded using surgery equipment [Group A： IT〉IT_（mean）（27 eyes）; Group B： IT

0.01%阿托品滴眼液对不同程度近视儿童黄斑微循环的影响

目的:研究0.01%阿托品滴眼液对不同程度近视儿童黄斑血流密度及视网膜厚度的影响。方法:前瞻性自身对照研究。64例(112眼)首次诊断为屈光不正(近视)的患者在使用0.01%阿托品滴眼液治疗前及用药6个月后进行眼科检查,包括裸眼远视力(uncorrecte d distance visual acuity,UCVA)、眼轴(axial length,AL)、等效球镜度数(spherical equivalent,SE)、裂隙灯检查及使用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)常规模式测量黄斑神经节细胞-内丛状层厚度(macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknes,mGCIPL)。使用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)测量黄斑区血管密度、中心凹无血管区面积等。比较用药前后各项指标的变化。结果:3组近视患者AL均较用药前显著增长(P<0.01),但低、中度近视用药前后差值明显小于高度近视组;3组近视患者SE均较用药前增长,但低度近视组用药前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),中度、高度近视组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);3组近视患者眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)较用药前无明显变化(P>0.05)。用药6个月后,中心圆黄斑血管密度(central circle macular vessel density,cCVD)增加在低度、中度近视组中均有统计学差异(P<0.01),在高度近视组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3个近视组用药前后外圆黄斑血管密度(outer circle macular vessel density,oCVD)、内圆黄斑血管密度(inner circle macular vessel density,iCVD)、全圆黄斑血管密度(whole circle macular vessel density,wCVD)无明显改变(P>0.05);mGCIPL增加在低度近视组中有统计学差异(P<0.01),在中度、高度近视组中均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3个近视组黄斑中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone,FAZ)面积在用药前后无明显改变(P>0.05)。3个近视组中cCVD和AL、SE之间均无相关性(P>0.01),低度近视组中c CVD与m GCIPL呈低度相关(r=0.442,P<0.05),中度、高度近视组中cCVD与mGCIPL均无相关性(P>0.01)。结论:0.01%阿托品滴眼液可以明显降低低度近视患儿AL增长及屈光度增长速度,增加低、中度近视患儿黄斑中心圆血管密度,增加低度近视患儿m GCIPL厚度。

Analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and inner macular layers by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for detection of early glaucoma

AIM： To analyze the diagnostic capabilities of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（p RNFL） thickness and segmented inner macular layer（IML） thickness measured by spectraldomain optical coherence tomography for detection of early glaucoma. METHODS： Fifty-three patients with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）, 60 patients with normal tension glaucoma（NTG） and 32 normal control subjects were enrolled. Thicknesses of p RNFL, total macular layers（TML）, and the IML, including macular RNFL（m RNFL） and macular ganglion cell layer（m GCL） were assessed. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves（AROC） were calculated to compare the diagnostic power of different parameters. RESULTS： There were no differences in the parameters of p RNFL, TML, and IML between POAG and NTG groups. The thicknesses of superior and inferior m GCL showed significant correlation with mean deviation of visual field（R2=0.071, P=0.004; R2=0.08, P=0.002）. The m GCL thickness significantly correlated with the p RNFL thickness in the superior and inferior quadrants（R2=0.156, P〈0.001; R2=0.407, P〈0.001）. The thickness of the inferior-outer sector of macula had greater AROCs than those in the inferior-inner sector of macula. The AROCs for superior（0.894） and inferior（0.879） p RNFL thicknesses were similar with the AROCs for superior（0.839） and inferior m GCL（0.864） thicknesses. Sensitivities at 80% specificity for global p RNFL, inferior-outer m GCL and inferior-outer m RNFL thicknesses were 0.938, 0.867, and 0.725, respectively. CONCLUSION： The diagnostic capability of the m GCL thickness is comparable to that of the p RNFL thickness in patients with early glaucoma. The inferior-outer sector of IML has a better diagnostic capability than the inferiorinner sector of IML for detection of early glaucoma.

儿童青少年近视程度与黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度及神经节细胞-内丛状层厚度的关系及影响因素

目的观察并分析儿童青少年近视等效球镜度(SE)与黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度(SFCT)、视网膜神经节细胞-内丛状层(GCIPL)厚度、眼轴长度(AL)的相关性研究。方法回顾性病例研究。选取2021年1月至2022年7月就诊于北京市普仁医院眼科的8~14岁的儿童青少年,睫状肌麻痹验光测量屈光度,按照SE分为低度近视组(>-3 D且<-0.5 D)、中度近视组(>-6 D且≤-3 D)、高度近视组(≥-12 D且≤-6 D)和对照组(>-0.5 D且<0.5 D),并测量SFCT、GCIPL六个方位厚度(上方、鼻上、鼻下、下方、颞下、颞上)、GCIPL平均厚度、最小厚度和AL,评估其与近视屈光度数的关系。GCIPL厚度与AL采用Spearman相关系数分析,SFCT与AL采用广义估计方程分析。结果共纳入97例(142只眼),男性47例,女性50例,年龄(11.2±1.8)岁。GCIPL厚度与AL的Spearman相关系数及GCIPL厚度与AL的Spearman相关系数分析结果显示:GCIPL厚度各个指标与AL均呈现出显著负相关(P<0.001),GCIPL上方,下方,颞下方及平均厚度与年龄显著负相关,其余指标和年龄均无显著相关。广义估计方程结果显示:AL的回归系数值为-24.846(Z=-4.522,P<0.001),意味着AL对SFCT有显著的负向影响关系。结论儿童青少年近视SE越深,AL越长,SFCT越薄,GCIPL越薄,并且GCIPL下方与SE程度相关性最显著。

中医针刺联合低浓度阿托品对低度近视儿童黄斑微循环的影响

[目的]探究中医针刺联合0.01%阿托品滴眼液对低度近视儿童黄斑血管密度及视网膜厚度的影响。[方法]将84例(156眼)首次诊断为低度近视的患儿随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组使用中医针刺联合0.01%阿托品滴眼液治疗,对照组使用0.01%阿托品滴眼液治疗。两组患儿治疗前及治疗6个月后进行眼科检查,包括裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UCVA)、眼轴(axial length,AL)、等效球镜度数(spherical equivalent,SE)、裂隙灯检查,使用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)常规模式测量黄斑神经节细胞-内丛状层(macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer,mGCIPL)厚度,使用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)测量黄斑区血管密度、中心凹无血管区面积等,比较两组治疗前后各项指标的变化。[结果]治疗6个月后,两组患儿AL及SE均较治疗前增长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.01),但实验组AL、SE差值小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.05)。两组患儿眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)较治疗前后无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,实验组及对照组mGCIPL厚度均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);实验组中心圆黄斑血管密度(central circle macular vessel density,cCVD)增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),外圆黄斑血管密度(outer circle macular vessel density,oCVD)、内圆黄斑血管密度(inner circle macular vessel density,iCVD)、全圆黄斑血管密度(whole circle macular vessel density,wCVD)及黄斑中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone,FAZ)无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月后,实验组cCVD和AL、SE之间均无相关性(P>0.05),cCVD与mGCIPL厚度呈低度正相关(r=0.448,P<0.05)。[结论]中医针刺联合0.01%阿托品滴眼液能够进一步降低低度近视患儿AL增长及屈光度增长速度,并能够增加低度近视患儿cCVD及mGCIPL厚度。

NA-AION患者昼夜血压、外周血ACA变化与BCVA、GC-IPL厚度的相关性

目的分析非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(NA-AION)患者昼夜血压及外周血抗心凝脂抗体(ACA)变化与最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和视网膜神经节细胞-内丛状层(GC-IPL)厚度的相关性。方法选取沧州市人民医院2021年6月至2022年6月收治的96例NA-AION患者(共96眼)为NA-AION组,另择本院同期50岁以上无眼科疾病的40名体检者纳入对照组。对比两组性别、年龄、昼夜血压变化、外周血ACA、BCVA及GC-IPL厚度差异,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析NA-AION的危险因素;采用pearson相关性分析NA-AION患者昼夜血压、外周血ACA水平及BMI值与BCVA、GC-IPL厚度的相关性;采用spearman相关性分析NA-AION患者血压昼夜节律与BCVA、GC-IPL厚度的相关性。结果NA-AION组高血压、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、嗜酒、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)评分>7分、血压昼夜节律异常的比例均大于对照组,且白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、舒张压及外周血ACA水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistis回归分析显示,高血压、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、嗜酒、PSQI评分>7分、血压昼夜节律异常、夜间平均收缩压及外周血ACA水平均是NA-AION的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。NA-AION组的BCVA(LogMAR视力)明显高于对照组,GC-IPL厚度明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,NA-AION患者夜间平均收缩压、舒张压及外周血ACA水平及BMI均与BCVA(LogMAR视力)呈正比(P<0.05),与GC-IPL厚度呈反比(P<0.05);血压昼夜节律与BCVA(LogMAR视力)呈反比(P<0.05),与GC-IPL厚度呈正比(P<0.05)。结论血压昼夜节律异常、外周血ACA表达异常及BMI值与NA-AION的发病相关。

Value of optical coherence tomography measurement of macular thickness and optic disc parameters for glaucoma screening in patients with high myopia

BACKGROUND The basic method of glaucoma diagnosis is visual field examination,however,in patients with high myopia,the diagnosis of glaucoma is difficult.AIM To explore the value of optical coherence tomography(OCT)for measuring optic disc parameters and macular thickness as a screening tool for glaucoma in patients with high myopia.METHODS Visual values(contrast sensitivity,color vision,and best-corrected visual acuity)in three groups,patients with high myopia in Group A,patients with high myopia and glaucoma in Group B,and patients with high myopia suspicious for glaucoma in Group C,were compared.Optic disc parameters,retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,and ganglion cell layer(GCC)thickness were measured using OCT technology and used to compare the peri-optic disc vascular density of the patients and generate receiver operator characteristic(ROC)test performance curves of the RNFL and GCC for high myopia and glaucoma.RESULTS Of a total of 98 patients admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to March 2022,totaling 196 eyes in the study,30 patients with 60 eyes were included in Group A,33 patients with 66 eyes were included in Group B,and 35 patients with 70 eyes were included in Group C.Data were processed for Groups A and B to analyze the efficacy of RNFL and GCC measures in distinguishing high myopia from high myopia with glaucoma.The area under the ROC curve was greater than 0.7,indicating an acceptable diagnostic value.CONCLUSION The value of OCT measurement of RNFL and GCC thickness in diagnosing glaucoma in patients with high myopia and suspected glaucoma is worthy of development for clinical use.

糖尿病患者黄斑神经节细胞复合体、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度水平与视网膜病变的相关性分析

目的分析糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者黄斑神经节细胞复合体(ganglion cell complex,GCC)、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)的厚度水平与视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的关系。方法选择2020年2月至2022年3月首都医科大学宣武医院收治的DM患者110例145眼作为研究对象,按照是否发生DR分为DR组(51例,69眼)和非DR组(59例,76眼),依据DR不同严重程度分期将DR组分为非增殖性DR组(NPDR组,38例,47眼)和增殖性DR组(PDR组,13例,22眼)。两组患者均进行光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)检查,比较不同分组DM患者黄斑部GCC和视盘周围RNFL厚度变化及与DR分期的关系。结果DR组GCC总体厚度(total GCC thickness,tGCC)、GCC上方厚度(superior GCC thickness,sGCC)和GCC下方厚度(inferior GCC thickness,iGCC)均低于非DR组(P<0.05);PDR组tGCC、sGCC和iGCC均低于轻中度NPDR组(mNPDR)和重度NPDR组(sNPDR),且sNPDR组tGCC、sGCC和iGCC均低于mNPDR(P<0.05);NPDR组视盘周围RNFL上方和下方以及平均厚度均低于非DR组和PDR组(P<0.05),PDR组视盘周围RNFL各部位厚度均高于非DR组和NPDR组(P<0.05);sNPDR组视盘周围上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧及平均厚度均低于mNPDR组(P<0.05),PDR轻中度组和重度组视盘周围各部位RNFL厚度均高于mNPDR组和sNPDR组,且PDR重度组各部位RNFL厚度均高于轻中度组(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果显示,DR患者黄斑tGCC、sGCC和iGCC厚度与DR严重程度呈负相关(r分别为-0.485、-0.496、-0.501,P<0.05),DR患者视盘周围各部位RNFL厚度与NPDR分期呈负相关(r分别为-0.519、-0.527、-0.498、-0.507、-0.511,P<0.05),与PDR严重程度呈正相关(r分别为0.531、0.514、0.501、0.512、0.499,P<0.05)。结论DR患者早期已经出现视网膜神经的损伤,黄斑GCC厚度随着DR进展明显下降;NPDR患者视盘周围RNFL厚度呈现下降趋势,随着DR进展至PDR,视盘周围RNFL厚度有所增加,黄斑GCC和视盘周围RNFL厚度的动态变化能够为糖尿病患者视网膜神经结构的损伤和DR的进展提供依据。

不同程度近视患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度和神经节细胞复合体参数的变化

目的:比较低度、中度和高度近视非青光眼受试者通过光谱域光学相干断层扫描技术(SD-OCT)测量的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)和黄斑神经节细胞复合体(GCC)参数的变化。方法:选择2019-12/2022-11期间在我院就诊的近视受试者400例400眼参与本研究,根据受试者近视程度分为:低度近视组(142例142眼,35.5%)、中度近视组(139例139眼,34.8%)和高度近视组(119例119眼,29.8%)。测量RNFL厚度,包括均值、上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧RNFL厚度。测量GCC参数,包括均值、上方、颞上方、下方、颞下方、鼻上方、鼻下方。评估OCT测量的RNFL厚度、GCC参数均值与眼轴长度之间的相关性。结果:低度近视组和中度近视组的上方、下方、鼻侧、平均RNFL厚度明显高于高度近视组,颞侧RNFL厚度明显低于高度近视组(均P<0.05);低度近视组和中度近视组的上方、颞上方、下方、颞下方、鼻上方、鼻下方、平均GCC厚度明显高于高度近视组(均P<0.05);在中度近视组中,RNFL和GCC厚度均值与眼轴长度均呈负相关(r=-0.387、-0.309,均P<0.05)。在高度近视组中,RNFL和GCC厚度均值与眼轴长度均呈负相关(r=-0.499、-0.503,均P<0.01)。结论:高度近视受试者的RNFL和GCC厚度往往比低度和中度近视受试者更薄。

颈内动脉狭窄及合并缺血性脑卒中患者视网膜微血管神经改变特征

目的对比单侧颈内动脉狭窄(ICAS)患者双眼视网膜厚度及血流密度(VD)、视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及神经节细胞复合体(GCC)厚度,探讨颈内动脉狭窄及合并缺血性脑卒中患者视网膜微血管神经的变化特点。方法横断面研究。收集2019年12月至2021年12月在我院就诊的单侧ICAS≥70%(狭窄侧眼组)、对侧颈内动脉无狭窄或狭窄<50%(对侧眼组)的27例患者的临床资料。所有患者均行眼科常规及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检查。对比观察双眼视网膜厚度、VD、RNFL厚度及GCC厚度,并根据是否合并缺血性脑卒中进行亚组分析。结果ICAS≥70%的患者狭窄侧眼组黄斑区浅层、深层视网膜及黄斑中心凹无灌注区面积周围300μm环内的VD均较对侧眼组明显降低(均为P<0.05),狭窄侧眼组的视盘下颞区及颞下区VD均较对侧眼组明显降低(均为P<0.05)。合并缺血性脑卒中的ICAS患者狭窄侧眼组黄斑区视网膜浅层和深层VD、视盘下颞及颞下区VD、下半部GCC厚度均较对侧眼组显著降低(P<0.05)。不合并脑卒中的ICAS患者狭窄侧眼组与对侧眼组黄斑区及视盘的VD、RNFL厚度、GCC厚度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论重度及以上ICAS的患者已经出现视网膜微循环障碍,且在合并有缺血性脑卒中的患者中表现更明显,并出现神经节细胞的损伤,提示ICAS合并视网膜微血管和神经节细胞的损伤有可能是缺血性脑卒中发生的危险因素。

假性和真性视盘水肿患者HD-OCT检查结果的差异性分析

目的对比分析假性视盘水肿(PPE)患者和早期特发性颅内高压(IIH)相关的真性视盘水肿(TPE)患者的HD-OCT检查结果的差异性表现,为其鉴别诊断提供必要的临床依据。方法选取2015年1月至2021年6月在解放军总医院第三医学中心眼科医学部第一医学中心眼科确诊为PPE的24例(48眼)为PPE组,IIH引起TPE的49例(98眼)为TPE组。回顾性分析两组患者的HD-OCT表现,记录患者发病1个月、3个月、6个月视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度、黄斑区神经节细胞层-内丛状层(GCIPL)厚度。以灵敏度、特异度及似然比分析GCIPL在PPE及IIH中的诊断价值,并观察PPE在HD-OCT检查中的形态学表现。结果TPE组患者平均RNFL厚度在发病1个月、3个月均明显高于PPE组(均为P<0.05);发病6个月时与PPE组患者平均RNFL厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TPE组患者黄斑区平均GCIPL厚度及各象限GCIPL厚度在发病1个月、3个月和6个月均较PPE组患者薄,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。以黄斑区GCIPL厚度正常为阳性判读,则诊断PPE灵敏度为97.92%,特异度为68.75%,阳性似然比为3.133,阴性似然比为0.031;以黄斑区GCIPL厚度变薄为阳性判读,则诊断IIH灵敏度为68.75%,特异度为97.92%,阳性似然比为33.050,阴性似然比为0.319。PPE组患者视盘周围卵圆形高反射肿块样结构14眼,视盘玻璃疣4眼,视盘倾斜6眼,两组其余患眼均未发现明显视盘结构异常。结论HD-OCT黄斑区GCIPL分析有助于鉴别TPE和PPE,发病3个月以内GCIPL变薄可以作为排除PPE的诊断依据,同时可以作为诊断TPE的支持条件;HD-OCT检查结果有利于分辨视盘结构异常,进一步对PPE进行分类。

早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑神经节细胞层厚度及视盘参数的变化

目的:使用Cirrus HD-OCT比较早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者和健康对照者之间的视盘参数、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(pRNFL)厚度和黄斑神经节细胞层(mGCL)厚度改变。方法:横断面比较研究。选取45例无糖尿病视网膜病变(NDR)、52例轻度非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)及55例中度NPDR的2型糖尿病患者和64例年龄匹配的健康对照者纳入本研究。采集患者的空腹血糖、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白及既往史。通过Cirrus HD-OCT测量视盘参数(即双眼RNFL厚度对称性百分比、盘沿面积、视盘面积、杯盘比、杯容积)、pRNFL厚度和mGCL厚度。组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果:与健康对照组比较,NDR、轻度NPDR、中度NPDR组双眼RNFL厚度对称性百分比、盘沿面积明显降低,平均C/D、垂直C/D明显增加(均P<0.05)。与健康对照组比较,NDR、轻度NPDR、中度NPDR组患眼视盘周围各象限(上方、颞侧、下方、鼻侧)及平均RNFL厚度和黄斑(平均、最小、上方、颞上方、颞下方、下方、鼻上方、鼻下方)GCL厚度显著变薄(均P<0.05)。结论:与健康对照者相比,早期DR患者的双眼RNFL厚度对称性百分比、盘沿面积、pRNFL和mGCL厚度明显降低,而杯盘比显著增高。本研究结果支持DM导致内层视网膜神经退行性变化的说法,即使在无明显微血管病变的T2DM患者中。

OCT观察帕金森病患者视网膜形态变化的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析探究光学相干断层扫描(OCT)观察帕金森病(PD)患者视网膜形态变化的价值。方法检索2017年1月—2022年1月PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、万方、中国知网数据库关于OCT观察PD患者视网膜形态变化的临床研究,视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度、神经节细胞层(GCL)厚度、视盘面积、视杯面积、黄斑厚度为主要结局指标,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入26篇文献,共计1,795例患者(2,790只眼),其中PD组873例(1,343只眼),对照组922例(1,447只眼)。与对照组比较,PD组患者RNFL厚度降低[SMD=-0.550,95%CI(-0.730,-0.360),Z=5.840,P=0.000],GCL厚度降低[SMD=-0.430,95%CI(-0.680,-0.180),Z=3.370,P=0.001],黄斑厚度降低[SMD=0.220,95%CI(-0.330,-0.100),Z=3.780,P=0.000],差异均有统计学意义;但PD组患者视盘面积、视杯面积较对照组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论PD患者RNFL、GCL、黄斑区厚度均低于正常人群,OCT可以辅助早期诊断PD。