Effects of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) on Hemorrheology Parameters and Symptoms of Hypertensive Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Sequelae of Cerebral Thrombosis

The effects of Lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)on hemorrheology parameters and symptoms of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia,sequelae of cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease are studied.The Lingzhi extract was given to 33 patients(15 male,18 female,65±8 years old)in dosage of 110mg qid po for 2 weeks.The blood viscosity was im- proved after treatment.The results showed that whole blood viscosity(at high shear rate and low shear rate)and plasma viscosity were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Lingzhi showed the effect of reducing blood pressure simultaneously.Several symptoms were also improved. However,there were no significant changes in haematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P>0.05).In a few cases there occurred adverse reactions of palpitation and restlessness.

海南产Ganoderma lingzhi种质的鉴定

灵芝是一类重要而又分布广泛的木腐真菌。本研究采用ITS序列、mt SSU序列构建系统发育树,结合形态特征鉴定3株海南产灵芝种质。结果表明,灵芝Jfl 1502、Jfl 1513和Jfl 1515菌盖呈半圆形,深红色或紫红色,菌盖表面光滑,有菌柄存在,这些形态特征与G.lingzhi相似;在系统发育树上这3株灵芝与G.lingzhi聚为一支,亲缘关系较近。以上结果反映了灵芝Jfl 1502、Jfl 1513和Jfl 1515在分类学上属于G.lingzhi。

树灵芝(Ganoderma sessile,SCAU-My1)菌丝体液态发酵条件优化以及菌丝体复合材料制备

该研究以树灵芝(Ganoderma sessile,SCAU-My1)为发酵菌株,采用菌丝体液态发酵制备种子,参考食用菌栽培技术进行菌丝体复合材料(mycelium-base composites,MBCs)制备。分别以麻秆和玉米秸秆为主要原料,接种上述菌丝体液态种后,固态发酵培养5 d,从而制备可生物降解的MBCs。首先,对树灵芝的菌丝体液态发酵种子培养基及培养条件进行了优化,研究碳源、氮源、发酵温度等因素对菌丝体生物量的影响。结果表明,最佳制种培养基配方为:玉米淀粉25 g/L、黄豆粉14 g/L、KH_(2)PO_(4)3 g/L、7H_(2)0·MgSO_(4)3 g/L;最佳培养条件为:发酵温度28℃,初始pH 5.5,接种量5%,装瓶量150 mL/500 mL,转速为180 r/min。在此条件下,种子液菌丝体生物量达18.73 g/L,较优化前的13.90 g/L,提高了34.7%。制备的MBCs在形变发生50%时,玉米秸秆-菌丝体复合材料(C-MBCs)压缩应力为聚乙烯(expanded polystyrene,EPS)材料的5.4倍,为麻秆-菌丝体复合材料(H-MBCs)的0.6倍;在热重分析中,经过600℃热处理C-MBCs质量剩余约39%,H-MBCs质量剩余约33%,而EPS材料质量仅剩1.08%,说明玉米秸秆或麻秆制成的MBCs承重能力、热稳定性均优于EPS材料。此结果可为菌丝体复合材料替代发泡塑料作为缓冲包装材料提供有意义的参考。

Ganoderma lucidum:a comprehensive review of phytochemistry,efficacy,safety and clinical study

Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experimental studies have confirmed that G.lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-HIV protease,and antidiabetic activity and so on.With the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G.lucidum.There is an increasing population of G.lucidum-based products,and its international development is expanding.Currently,G.lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G.lucidum.

Ganoboninketal C from Ganoderma boninense improves the efficacy of CDDP-based chemotherapy through inhibiting translesion DNA synthesis

Translesion DNA synthesis(TLS)can bypass DNA lesions caused by chemotherapeutic drugs,which usually result in drug resistance.Given its key role in mutagenesis and cell survival after DNA damage,inhibition of the TLS pathway has emerged as a potential target for improving the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin(CDDP),a widely used anticancer agent.Unfortunately,few suitable natural TLS inhibitors have been reported.Here,we found that a triterpenoid compound Ganoboninketal C(26-3)from Ganoderma boninense,a traditional Chinese medicine,can impair CDDP-induced TLS polymerase eta(Polη)focus formation,PCNA monoubiquitination as well as mutagenesis.Moreover,26-3 can significantly sensitize tumor cells to CDDP killing and reduce the proportion of cancer stem cells in AGS and promote apoptosis after CDDP exposure.Interestingly,26-3 can also sensitize tumor cells to Gefitinib therapy.Mechanistically,through RNA-seq analysis,we found that 26-3 could abrogate the CDDP-induced upregulation of Polηand PIDD(p53-induced protein with a death domain),2 known factors promoting TLS pathway.Furthermore,we found that activating transcription factor 3 is a potential novel TLS modulator.Taken together,we have identified a natural TLS inhibitor 26-3,which can be potentially used as an adjuvant to improve clinical efficacy.

Free Radical Scavenging, Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Properties of the Fruiting Bodies of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>, Lingzhi Mushroom

The current study evaluated the antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Methanolic extract of G. lucidum (MEGL) was investigated for its in vitro antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and EC50 value was determined. α-Amylase inhibitory and anti-S. aureus activities were carried out by conventional methods. The mushroom extract showed maximum free radical scavenging activity at a dose of 500 μg/mL with EC50 value of 22.1399 μg/mL. EC50 value for the inhibition of α-amylase activity was found 22.6011 μg/mL. G. lucidum extracts exhibited a concentration-dependent Anti-S. aureus activity. The vast differences of this inhibition between lower and higher doses were assessed significantly (p < 0.05). This study shows that the fruiting body of G. lucidum has moderate antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory, and anti-S. aureus activities. Thus this mushroom may be the alternative plant source for the antioxidant, anti-diabetic and antibacterial agents and further in vivo studies and isolation of bioactive compounds are required.

Ganoderma lucidum spore oil enhances the effect of paclitaxel,improves the tolerance to paclitaxel and prolongs the survival in Lewis tumor-bearing mice

Purpose:This study aims to investigate whether Ganoderma lucidum spore oil(GLSO)could enhance the effect of paclitaxel(PTX),improve the tolerance to PTX and prolong the overall survival of Lewis tumor-bearing mice,which has never been reported before.Methods:The tumor,spleen,and thymus were weighed at the end of the experiment.Whole blood was collected for hematological index analysis,and the intact femur was removed to determine the bone marrow nucleated cell count(BMN).The percentage of lymphocytes in the spleen of mice was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of NK cells was detected by LDH assay,and the proliferation index of lymphocytes was determined by CCK-8 assay.The overall and mean survival time and life extension rate were calculated using SPSS software.Results:Our data showed that GLSO could enhance the anti-tumor effect of PTX and prolong the survival of mice.The underlying mechanisms of the above effects might be related to the toxic reduction effect of GLSO by relieving hematotoxicity,myelosuppression and immunosuppression.Specifically,GLSO could increase the number of blood cells and bone marrow cells,alleviate the thymic index,and elevate the number and activity of NK cells in mice treated with PTX.Conclusion:GLSO may enhance the efficacy of PTX by boosting the activity of immune NK cells and prolong survival by counteracting PTX-induced bone marrow alterations and improving hematopoiesis.These findings suggested the promising role of GLSO in combination with PTX to extend the survival and increase the tolerance of patients in clinical chemotherapy of lung cancer.

中国产Ganoderma lucidum的系统发育学分析及栽培技术研究(英文)

灵芝是一类木腐真菌,广泛存在于热带雨林中。根据形态特征、rDNA-ITS和mt SSU的系统发育学分析,课题组将从Cyclobalanopsis bambusaefolia分离出来的菌株命名为G.lucidum,该菌株可人工培养。系统发育学分析表明,这些菌株类群与亚洲灵芝为一个独立的分支;此外,该研究采用传统椴木栽培技术,实现了分离菌株的人工栽培。人工栽培灵芝子实体粗厚,木栓质,边缘淡黄,在成熟的过程中逐渐变褐。

Studies on Active Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum vith Immune Activity

从云头状灵芝[Ganoderma Lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.]中分离得到三种灵芝多糖BN3A，BN3B及BN3C，它们均表现明显免疫调节作用。从灵芝多糖BN3B及BN3C中各分离得到四个多糖均一体，对其中主要成分BN3C1，BN3C3，BN3B1及BN3B3进行了物理及化学研究，它们的平均分子量依次为1.6×10^4，2.5×10^4，3.5×10^4及4.0×10^4。经完全酸水解、红外光谱测定、过碘酸氧化、甲酸生成、Smith降解等证明，BN3B1及BN3C1均为β－（1→6)(1→3）甙键相连的葡聚糖。BN3B3为阿拉伯半乳聚糖。BN3C3为由葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖组成的肽多糖。它们均为β－（1→6）（1→3）甙键相连。

树舌(Ganoderma lipsiense)化学成分及药理学研究进展

树舌的化学成分包括多糖、甾体化合物、三萜、脂类、氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质类、生物碱类、酚类、内酯、香豆素类和甙类以及微量元素等。树舌具有广泛的药理活性,主要包括调节机体免疫系统、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、消炎抗菌、降血糖、调节血压、阻碍血小板凝集和强心作用。临床用于治疗腹水癌、神经系统疾病、肝炎、心脏病、糖尿病和糖尿病并发症,预防和治疗胃溃疡、急慢性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、胃酸过多等胃病,具有较高的药用价值。本文对树舌的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用情况进行了综述。

Antitumor Activity of the Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Alcohol Extract in Vitro

Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A comparision was made between the sporodermbroken(SB)and sporoderm nonbroken(SN)GLSAE It was showed that both GLSAE SB and GLSAE SN could inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cells,but the activity of GLSAE SB was much higher than that of GLSAE SN These results suggested that Ganoderma lucidum spore could probably be used for tumor treatment

Studies on the Triterpenoid Constituents of the Spores from Ganoderma lucidum Karst

Five compounds were isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Gano- derma lucidum.On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data(MS,UV,IR,~1H and ^(13)CNMR),they were identified as 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid(Ⅰ),gano- deric acid B(Ⅱ),C(Ⅲ),D(Ⅳ)and ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ is a new natural product, named ganosporeric acid A.Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are known compounds and were obtained for the first time from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.Pharmacological experiments showed that ganosporeric acid A has an activity for lowering the levels GPT in mice with liver injury by CCl_4 and GaNI and exhibits heptoprotective effects.

野生热带灵芝Ganoderma tropicum(Jungh.) Bres.菌种分离与驯化研究

以新鲜的野生热带灵芝子实体为材料,经过表面消毒后,分别接种到米饭培养基、CA培养基和PDA培养基上.结果表明,在这3种供试培养基上均能获得纯化的菌丝体.米饭培养基上的菌丝体的生长速度最快;其次为PDA培养基;CA培养基的菌丝体生长最慢.对子实体、担孢子和菌丝体的形态特征进行了系统的形态学观察,证实所分离和驯化的菌种为热带灵芝[Ganoderma tropicum(Jungh.) Bres.].用木屑作为主要原料制备培养料对热带灵芝进行了驯化栽培,实验结果表明,冬季较低温条件下形成的子实体多为鹿角状畸形芝;而在2月份中旬以后较高温度下形成的子实体多为正常的掌状子实体.笔者据此认为,在海口地区,热带灵芝宜在春末至秋末气温较高的季节栽培.

响应面法优化Ganoderma lucidum产漆酶种子培养基

以菌丝体生物量为指标,采用响应面法对产漆酶的灵芝菌UIM281的种子培养基组成进行了研究。首先采用单因素实验确定影响UIM281菌丝体生长的碳源、氮源及无机盐的种类和浓度范围。在此基础上,应用Box-Behnken设计对影响菌丝体生物量的显著因素进行优化,最终建立了以菌丝体生物量为响应值的二次回归方程模型,获得了最适的菌丝体增殖种子培养基。结果表明,在VB10.1g/L的条件下最佳种子培养基组成为:玉米粉18.0g/L,豆饼粉12.3g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.8g/L,在28℃,150r/min条件下振荡培养6d后,可获得24.18g/L菌丝体,可为漆酶发酵培养提供质优量大的接种体。

橡胶灵芝菌(Ganoderma pseudoferreum)DNA条形码检测筛选（英文）

选用10对DNA条形码标准序列ITS、COI、nrDNA-LSU、nrDNA-SSU和trnL DNA对海南和云南红根病区分离的21个橡胶灵芝菌进行检测。除COI和trnLDNA外,其他8对引物均扩增得到PCR产物,产物大小范围为268～1355bp,种内相似度为98.05%～99.54%。分别将扩增得到的序列与GenBank公布上的Ganoderma属和常见真菌属序列,共77个ITS、74个nrDNA-LSU和74个nrDNA-SSU序列进行系统进化树构建与分析。结果表明:nrDNA-LSU序列和nrDNA-SSU序列种间差异较小,不能准确区分Ganoderma属及其他属;5对ITS序列均能区分Ganoderma属,但仅ITS1/ITS4序列能将Ganoderma属下16个种归入不同分支。ITS1/ITS4序列表现出适宜的种内与种间差异,适宜作为G. pseudoferreum的DNA条形码。

Preliminary Study on the Liquid Fermentation and Polysaccharide Production of Ganoderma

Strain of Ganoderma japonicum with higher mycelial growth rate and higher levels of polysaccharide production was selected from seven tested strains of Ganoderma. The effects of nitrogen source, carbon source and metal ions on the polysaccharide production of selected Ganoderma japonicum were studied. The results showed that the optimum nitrogen source and carbon source were 2% and 0.2% ,respectively. And the existence of 0.2% Fe^2＋ could improve the polysaccharide yield significantly. The result of fermentor enlargement test indicated that extracellular crude polysaccharide content per 100 mL fermentation liquor and mycelium content yielded highest amount of 181.7 mg and 151.0 mg,respectively,with relatively mild change of pH value. It was concluded that fermentation in fermentor was more suitable for the secretion of C, anoderma polysaccharide.

灵芝提取物通过PBX3/MAPK通路对胶质瘤细胞恶性生物学行为的作用机制研究

目的探究灵芝提取物(GLE)是否可通过前B细胞白血病同源盒基因3(PBX3)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路影响U251人胶质瘤细胞恶性生物学行为。方法2022年1月至2023年1月进行该研究。含不同浓度GLE培养液(0、50、100、200 mg/L GLE)培养U251细胞48 h,采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法、流式细胞术、平板克隆实验、细胞划痕试验及迁移和侵袭(Transwell)实验来评估细胞的存活率、凋亡情况、集落形成能力、迁移与侵袭特性;实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测PBX3、细胞外信号调节酶(ERK)mRNA表达水平;蛋白质印迹法检测PBX3、原癌基因c-RAF(Raf-1)、磷酸化Raf-1(p-Raf-1)、信号通路细胞外信号调节酶1/2(ERK1/2)、磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)蛋白表达情况。结果0、50、100、200 mg/L GLE下U251细胞存活率分别为100%、(86.62±4.26)%、(67.68±3.49)%、(50.84±3.39)%、(40.13±3.25)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);0、50、100、200 mg/L GLE下U251细胞凋亡率、集落形成数、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、PBX3、ERK mRNA及PBX3、p-Raf-1、p-ERK1/2蛋白相对表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着GLE浓度的增加,U251细胞存活率、划痕愈合率、PBX3与ERK mRNA相对表达水平及RAS、PBX3、p-Raf-1、p-MEK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白相对表达水平均降低,集落形成数及侵袭细胞数均减少,细胞凋亡率升高;GLE作用效果呈剂量性依赖(P<0.05)。结论GLE可抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移及侵袭等恶性生物学特性,并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与阻断PBX3/MAPK通路的激活相关。

利用微生物防治油棕榈茎基底感染狭长孢灵芝(Ganoderma boninense)研究

狭长孢灵芝(Ganoderma boninense)引起的茎基腐病是油棕中最具破坏性的病害之一,在印度尼西亚和马来西亚尤为严重。油棕茎基腐病(BSR)会导致油棕的根部、基部和上茎腐烂,给油棕产业造成带来重大损失,目前尚无有效的疾病控制和消除方法。现有的BSR病防治措施,如培养方法、机械处理和化学处理均不能令人满意。解决该问题的替代控制措施主要是使用生物防治法。对实验室现有保藏的生防菌株(CZL、CZS、CZS2、PB12、JKL、LS、TF28、BA、HW2、DDFS)挑取单菌落,分别在固体和液体培养条件下进行拮抗作用测定。研究发现,生防菌在PD液体培养条件下对狭长孢灵芝(Ganoderma boninense)的抑制作用远高于其在PDA固体培养条件下,说明生防菌株在PD液体培养时,生防细菌可以充分同病原菌菌丝体接触并作用,使其达到最优的拮抗效果。

不同金属离子和pH对白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum产漆酶的影响

在发酵培养基中添加不同浓度金属离子,研究Zn2+,Cu2+,Mn2+,Mg2+和Fe2+等金属离子的浓度和p H对白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum生产漆酶的影响.结果表明:Zn2+、Cu2+和Mn2+对G.lucidum生产漆酶有不同程度促进作用,其中Cu2+的促进作用最大,Mg2+在高浓度时促进产酶,Fe2+则抑制漆酶的生产;p H为5时最利于漆酶的生产,酶活可达到140 000 U/L.

Isolation and Structural Determination of a Glucan from the Spores of Ganoderma lucidum

A water soluble, (1 -->6)-branched, (1 -->4) linked D-glucan (LB-B1), [alpha](D)(21) = +174.2 degrees (c 0.87, H2O), was obtained from a hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidun (Fr.) Karst by HPSEC, with 0.001 mol/L sodium hydroxide as the eluant, the molecular weight (Mw) of LB-B1 was estimated to be 9.3 x 10(3). From the results of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, acetolysis and 1D, 2D-NMR experimentation, it was concluded that LB-B1 was composed of repeating units with the following structure: alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p) 1 down arrow 6 (-->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4-)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->)(n)