The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative anal...The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.展开更多
通过对周原全新世古土壤和关中新石器文化的研究,认为新石器文化对环境变化有积极的响应。但这种响应在时间上有一定的滞后。其中5800～5000 a B.P.间的以干旱为特征的环境恶化是造成关中仰韶文化衰落最主要的原因;探讨了环境因素在新...通过对周原全新世古土壤和关中新石器文化的研究,认为新石器文化对环境变化有积极的响应。但这种响应在时间上有一定的滞后。其中5800～5000 a B.P.间的以干旱为特征的环境恶化是造成关中仰韶文化衰落最主要的原因;探讨了环境因素在新石器文化发展过程中的地位和作用,认为人类文化是地球表层系统的组成要素之一,其发展受到自然环境的约束。展开更多
分析了半干旱的甘青地区全新世中期环境变化序列与史前文化发展序列,探讨了环境变化对史前文化发展的影响。分析发现;研究区中全新世优越的环境条件,为史前文化发展提供了更大的回旋空间,有利于古文化的繁荣;当环境变化的幅度超过了社...分析了半干旱的甘青地区全新世中期环境变化序列与史前文化发展序列,探讨了环境变化对史前文化发展的影响。分析发现;研究区中全新世优越的环境条件,为史前文化发展提供了更大的回旋空间,有利于古文化的繁荣;当环境变化的幅度超过了社会的承受力阀值时,就会导致史前文化的断层或转型;4 ka BP以后气候的凉干化,是该区文化面貌衰退、牧业因素增加的主要原因。展开更多
全新世环境演变及其气候事件对古文化发展的影响是目前环境考古研究的热点。根据山东中部龙山镇山城村全新世黄土-古土壤及埋藏文化层的关系,利用色度、磁化率、粒度、碳酸钙含量等气候替代指标,揭示了全新世气候演变,早期(11500 a B.P....全新世环境演变及其气候事件对古文化发展的影响是目前环境考古研究的热点。根据山东中部龙山镇山城村全新世黄土-古土壤及埋藏文化层的关系,利用色度、磁化率、粒度、碳酸钙含量等气候替代指标,揭示了全新世气候演变,早期(11500 a B.P.～8500 a B.P.)变暖,中期暖湿(8500 a B.P.～3100 a B.P.)和后期(3100 a B.P.以来)逐渐转凉,其中大暖期记录了3次气候寒冷事件。通过分析全新世气候阶段性、气候事件与古文化时空的耦合关系发现:在全新世最为暖湿的阶段(8500 aB.P.～4000 a B.P.),依次发展了后李文化、北辛文化、大汶口文化和龙山文化。其中,8200 a B.P.、5500 a B.P.气候事件没有对文化发展产生明显负面影响,反而对文化发展起了一定催化剂的作用。4000 a B.P.气候事件在剖面中表现明显,来自北部、东北部的大量风沙使淄博、潍坊等地龙山人的生存环境急剧恶化,进而使喜暖湿的稻作农业受到极大摧毁,人地资源矛盾突出,导致优秀的龙山文化被古朴的岳石文化所取代。展开更多
When the Circum Bohai Sea region entered the Neolithic period,the Bohai Sea just underwent the change from the l and to the sea While Geological and geog raphical information shows that the pres ent Bohai Sea was a pl...When the Circum Bohai Sea region entered the Neolithic period,the Bohai Sea just underwent the change from the l and to the sea While Geological and geog raphical information shows that the pres ent Bohai Sea was a plain during 1 2000～8000 aBp Archaeological studi es prove that there was a strong relationship among the early Neolithic cultures o f the Circum Bohai Sea region Thus,the C ircum Bohai Sea region is one of the mos t important areas in studying the origin of the Neolithic culture in northern展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771211 No.40261003 National Key Technology Research and Development Program, No.2007BAC03A11 The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Prof. Fang Xiuqi from Beijing Normal University for his constructive suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript, as well as Dr. Ran Min from Lanzhou University for providing some information, and Yang Yuhan, a master from Qinghai Normal University, for collecting the materials, in the prepa- ration of this paper.
文摘The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.
文摘通过对周原全新世古土壤和关中新石器文化的研究,认为新石器文化对环境变化有积极的响应。但这种响应在时间上有一定的滞后。其中5800～5000 a B.P.间的以干旱为特征的环境恶化是造成关中仰韶文化衰落最主要的原因;探讨了环境因素在新石器文化发展过程中的地位和作用,认为人类文化是地球表层系统的组成要素之一,其发展受到自然环境的约束。
文摘分析了半干旱的甘青地区全新世中期环境变化序列与史前文化发展序列,探讨了环境变化对史前文化发展的影响。分析发现;研究区中全新世优越的环境条件,为史前文化发展提供了更大的回旋空间,有利于古文化的繁荣;当环境变化的幅度超过了社会的承受力阀值时,就会导致史前文化的断层或转型;4 ka BP以后气候的凉干化,是该区文化面貌衰退、牧业因素增加的主要原因。
文摘全新世环境演变及其气候事件对古文化发展的影响是目前环境考古研究的热点。根据山东中部龙山镇山城村全新世黄土-古土壤及埋藏文化层的关系,利用色度、磁化率、粒度、碳酸钙含量等气候替代指标,揭示了全新世气候演变,早期(11500 a B.P.～8500 a B.P.)变暖,中期暖湿(8500 a B.P.～3100 a B.P.)和后期(3100 a B.P.以来)逐渐转凉,其中大暖期记录了3次气候寒冷事件。通过分析全新世气候阶段性、气候事件与古文化时空的耦合关系发现:在全新世最为暖湿的阶段(8500 aB.P.～4000 a B.P.),依次发展了后李文化、北辛文化、大汶口文化和龙山文化。其中,8200 a B.P.、5500 a B.P.气候事件没有对文化发展产生明显负面影响,反而对文化发展起了一定催化剂的作用。4000 a B.P.气候事件在剖面中表现明显,来自北部、东北部的大量风沙使淄博、潍坊等地龙山人的生存环境急剧恶化,进而使喜暖湿的稻作农业受到极大摧毁,人地资源矛盾突出,导致优秀的龙山文化被古朴的岳石文化所取代。
文摘When the Circum Bohai Sea region entered the Neolithic period,the Bohai Sea just underwent the change from the l and to the sea While Geological and geog raphical information shows that the pres ent Bohai Sea was a plain during 1 2000～8000 aBp Archaeological studi es prove that there was a strong relationship among the early Neolithic cultures o f the Circum Bohai Sea region Thus,the C ircum Bohai Sea region is one of the mos t important areas in studying the origin of the Neolithic culture in northern
