Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects of Heart Failure in the Medical Department at Gao Regional Hospital

Introduction: Heart failure is a major public health pandemic, particularly in Africa, where its prevalence continues to increase. In northern Mali, few data exist, hence the interest of this study with the objective of studying the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of Heart failure at the regional hospital of Gao. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that took place from July 2022 to June 2023 in the medical department at Gao Hospital. Results: The hospital prevalence of heart failure was 44.1%. The mean age was 47.30 ± 20 years (range: 16-88). Hypertension was the most common with 46.1%, followed by a sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes with 18.2% and 8.3% respectively;NYHA stage III-IV dyspnea was found in 83.9%. Reduced EF heart failure was present in 110 patients (76.9%), seventeen cases with moderately reduced EF (11.9%) and sixteen patients had preserved EF (11.2%). Global heart failure was the dominant (91.6%). The main etiologies of heart failure were dominated by hypertensive heart disease in 46 patients (32.2%), followed by postpartum cardiomyopathy with 43 cases (30.1%), primary dilated cardiomyopathy in 18 patients (12.6%), ischemic heart disease in 16 patients with 11.2%. Seven cases of valvular heart disease, or 4.9%. The evolution was favorable under treatment in 104 patients or 72.7%. In-hospital mortality was 14.7%. Conclusion: Heart failure is a common condition in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in our country.

Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the Conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

Reevaluation of dialect boundaries in the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella)based on citizen science data:Should we split or lump?

Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emergence of spatial patterns in vocalization.Several songbird species that exhibit dialects became models for such research,and for some of them large-scale datasets were assembled that included recordings provided by the public.Among them,the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella,Emberizidae) is particularly prominent,as it has been recently a subject of dedicated citizen science projects focusing on its dialect distribution.The most successful,in terms of public participation as well as the number and density of obtained recordings,was the Dialects of Czech Yellowhammers(DCY) project,which assembled detailed data at the whole-country level.A mosaic of almost all common song variants known across Europe was observed in Czechia,but the results indicated that some of the traditionally recognized Yellowhammer dialects may not represent geographically clustered song variants,at least not in Central Europe.We quantitatively analysed variation(frequency and temporal characteristics and modulation) of the terminal song element in three dialects defined by arbitrary frequency thresholds in DCY.Multivariate analyses indicated that pooling these to two distinct groups reflects the variation in the songs,as well as their spatial distribution,better than retaining the current classification to three dialects or their finer splitting to even more categories.We provide simple measures that may be used for classification of these Yellowhammer song variants in Central Europe.However,we warn from indiscriminate transposing of results from one region to another,as that may lead to substantial biases.Future studies of birdsong variation will benefit from big data assembled by citizen scientists,but to maximise their usefulness for further dialect research,careful delineation of dialect boundaries is essential.

Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal behaviour.In this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American forests.We analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault Ste.Marie,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by chance.We then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local population.We found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding range.This study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler repertoires.Our work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

GAO疫情跟踪审计框架:目标、举措及评价

GAO对美国联邦政府应对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)而使用的专项拨款情况进行了跟踪审计,并发布审计报告。文章围绕GAO发布的9份报告,分析了GAO应对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)确定的原则、目标及审计内容,重点梳理了审计重点及其效果。GAO发表的前7份审计报告共提出72项建议和4项需要美国国会审议的事项。研究发现,GAO审查重点是拨付资金使用的合规性、联邦政府机构各部门之间的协调合作、疫苗研制与使用、信息透明度以及数据的完整性等方面内容。GAO跟踪审计在资金使用的合规性审查、远程办公、绩效审计以及推动国内外审计机构更好开展疫情审计等方面取得了明显成效,但在审计方向、重点方面存在不当,未对疫情防控所出台的法案及政策本身发表评价意见;同时,GAO提出的建议落实率不高,影响了审计效果。

On the Phonology Characteristics of Leizhou Dialect in Malaysia

Based on first-hand materials obtained from field investigations in Malaysia, the results show that: firstly, there are 17 initials in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia, including the implosives initial and the [f] initial. The pronunciation of Leizhou dialect in China is already rare, some of which are retained in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. Its initial consonant is borrowed from local Hua Yu or other Chinese dialects. Secondly, the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia has 46 finals. The pronunciation and timbre of some of its vowels are similar to the Yue dialect of Malaysia [&#592] main vowel. Thirdly, there are 8 monosyllabic tones in the Leizhou dialect of Malaysia. The pronunciation and tone of some of its characters are similar to the Xia Yin entering tone of Yue dialect of Malaysia.

Artificial Intelligence Model to Detect and Classify Arabic Dialects

The Arabic Dialect (AD) detection method involves analyzing the matching sound wave for various characteristics that identify the speaker’s dialect. Among these features are accent, intonation, stress, vowel length, vowel type, and other acoustic characteristics. Data from different speakers of different dialects is usually used in training machine learning algorithms. Based on this data, an algorithm is created to accurately identify the speaker’s dialect. Arabic dialects can be detected and classified using several models and techniques available in literature. Various models have been proposed from different perspectives. Therefore, this paper discussed different studies about AD for building an understanding of conceptual deep learning model to detect and classify Arabic dialects. The model captured the semantic, syntactic, and phonological characteristics of these dialects using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The proposed model consists of six stages: Natural Language Processing (NLP) stage, feature engineering techniques, neural networks, language models, optimization techniques, and evaluation techniques. Each stage of the proposed model has several techniques that can be used to detect and classify AD. The accuracy and capability of the proposed model will be performed in the future work.

Investigation on the Integration of “Gao” in Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin

From the diachronic dimension,this paper makes a two-way interactive investigation on the integration of Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin.“Gao”is a delexical verb in contemporary Chinese.In different words and expressions related to“gao”character,there are mutual absorptions between Chinese mainland and Hong Kong,which is characterized by starting from nothing to something and from less to more.

Hegel and the Antidialectic

This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions.

Relationship between the Three Laws of Dialectics of Nature and Agricultural Development

Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and agricultural development, and proposes making good use of the three laws to promote the better development of agriculture and realize agricultural modernization.

美GAO发布《网络安全高风险系统报告》

日前,美国政府问责局(GAO)发布《网络安全高风险系统报告:建立综合网络安全战略和执行有效监管的挑战》(以下简称《报告》)。《报告》指出,政府机构在信息安全、关键网络基础设施保护、个人可识别信息隐私等高风险领域存在风险,且相关安全建议未被采纳和实施。

老年初治肺结核中医证型与细胞因子及免疫表达的相关性分析

目的 观察老年初治肺结核患者血清中细胞因子及TB淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,探究中医证型与细胞因子、TB淋巴细胞表达之间的关系。方法 纳入2016年5月至2021年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心结核医学部收治的初治老年肺结核病患者322例作为研究对象,根据辨证分型分为肺阴亏虚组78例、阴虚火旺组83例、气阴两虚组79例、阴阳两虚组82例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-5、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10等细胞因子的表达水平,流式细胞仪测定TB淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞的绝对数及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值,并将测定结果进行统计学分析。结果 四组肺结核患者IL-β、IL-5、IL-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气阴两虚组IFN-γ水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组TNF-α水平显著高于其他三组(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组的IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);阴阳两虚组IL-8水平显著高于其他三组,气阴两虚组高于肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组(P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、B细胞、NK细胞绝对数在阴阳两虚组、气阴两虚组、阴虚火旺组、肺阴亏虚组依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴阳两虚组CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞比值显著高于其他三组,肺阴亏虚组、阴虚火旺组、气阴两虚组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同证型的老年肺结核病患者细胞因子及免疫细胞表达存在差异性,可作为中医辨证论治的客观参考标准之一,为临床辨证治疗提供一定参考。

江西赣方言地理信息系统构建与应用

语言资源的保护开发已上升为国家战略,为满足国家和地方对方言保护的迫切需求,亟须采用信息技术保护和传承方言。针对现有的方言地理信息系统在音像图文一体化管理、语情监测和自动化制图等方面存在的不足,该文构建了首个江西赣方言地理信息系统,从系统架构、系统功能、系统数据库等方面进行系统设计,使用GIS二次开发组件ArcGIS Engine和插件式开发方法构建系统,主要实现了多模态方言数据集成管理、方言资源统计、方言查询与定位、语情监测、方言特征自定义分类、方言特征制图、地理特征分析等特色功能,有助于江西方言的研究、保护与开发,同时对其他区域方言地理信息系统建设具有参考价值。

基于大模型的知识生产与启蒙辩证法

人们在使用大模型的过程中,会存在某种程度的幻觉,即认为大模型无所不知和无所不能。正因为这种幻觉的存在,大模型可能会从启蒙的理性变成新的启蒙神话。启蒙的意义在于保持一种开放性,而启蒙的神话就表明了这种开放性的消失。大模型的发展无疑会加剧世界的数学化。在此背景之下,权证就构成了未来数字世界的基本通货。过度的数学化也酝酿了新的工具理性危险。作为新的技术,大模型全面展示了知识与权力的关系。大模型拥有巨大的整合力,正在实现新型的知识大一统。这种弥散化的超能力会进入知识生产的各个领域,没有个体可以逃脱这种超能力的捕捉。大模型会进一步加剧知识工业化,这将导致更为严重的意识形态问题。一方面,大模型本身有其意识形态。另一方面,大模型更加深刻的意识形态会隐含在其免费模式和消费模式之中,同时想象的知识共同体最终又会服务于知识霸权。面对知识工业化的风险,应该建立知识生产的“手工绿洲”,用荒谬、隐喻和修辞来对抗理性,让人类保有通过具身体验来创造知识的能力,并且要避免同一性和绝对正确的神话。

数字资本主义技术代码视域下功绩主体的自我剥削与自由悖论

数字技术作为数字资本主义的重要基点,既承载了数字生产力的纯粹要素方面,也维持和重塑着数字生产关系。数字资本主义的技术代码表征了数字技术生产力与生产关系、技术需求与社会需求的内聚统一,形塑了数字资本主义下崭新的功绩社会。功绩社会下,驯化主体被功绩主体所代替,功绩主体将传统的否定禁止和他者剥削翻转为肯定示好和自我剥削,自我剥削打着自我发展、自我实现、自我优化和自我完善的幌子,实际却是自我征服、自我促逼、自我耗散和自我毁灭,由此呈现出自由的功绩主体不自由的悖论景象。对此,我们需要求教和回归马克思历史唯物主义和技术批判的原则方法,透视和掌握数字资本主义的技术代码和技术本质,识破功绩主体自我剥削的不自由真相,分析其深层本质和致因逻辑,并在此基础上阐明一种真正自由的可能的未来方向。

论马克思主义具体化的要求

马克思主义具有具体化的要求,这是其“绝对命令”。马克思主义具体化的要求是马克思批判和继承黑格尔思想遗产的成果。在思辨唯心主义基础上,黑格尔批判了主观思想,试图实现客观思想对主观思想的超越,区分了抽象的普遍性和真正的普遍性,并使真正的普遍性能够具体化。马克思主义具体化的要求与马克思思想的当代性质和阶级立场直接相关。唯物史观“社会现实”和“历史本质性”原则的发现为马克思主义具体化的要求找到了根据和立足点。作为历史科学的唯物史观的方法论原则要求马克思主义必须具体化,必须把一般原理转化为具体方法和实施纲要。马克思主义中国化时代化是马克思主义具体化的要求在中国的贯彻、落实和实现。

辩证法的理论思维、实践智慧和学说体系

辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧源于人的生活经验和生命体验,但只有“进入广阔的研究领域”并“通晓思维的历史和成就”,才能真实地掌握辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧。对于辩证法的最大误解,就是把思想的内容和形式、概念的内涵和外延、哲学的理论和方法割裂开了,把辩证法变成了没有思想内容、概念规定、理论内涵的纯粹的“工具”或“方法”。辩证法的实践智慧,不仅是如何看待和对待“人生”的智慧,也是如何看待和对待“历史”的智慧,还是分析、研究、解决“问题”的智慧。把辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧升华为学理化、体系化的概念系统就是辩证法的理论或学说。自觉地掌握和运用辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧,需要学习和研究学理化、体系化的辩证法理论。构建中国自主哲学知识体系,就要在总结辩证法史的基础上,创建具有新的思想内涵、时代内涵、文明内涵的当代中国辩证法理论。

破解历史周期率“两个答案”的辩证思考

中国共产党在跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率问题上长期求解,先后得出了人民监督的“第一个答案”和自我革命的“第二个答案”,回应了马克思主义政党如何加强自身建设和实现长期执政的重大时代课题,是对中国共产党执政规律、自身建设规律和人类社会发展规律的科学把握。“两个答案”并非孤立存在,而是相互联系、相互影响、相互制约的有机统一体。二者虽提出有先后,但同根同源、实践同步;虽主体有差异,但旨归统一、立场一致;虽内容有侧重,但任务趋同、目标相通;虽动因分内外,但机制互补、辩证互成。以辩证思维对破解历史周期率“两个答案”之间的关系进行深入思考,坚持“人民监督”与强化“自我革命”统筹推进,既是巩固党的长期执政地位的内在要求,也是走好新的赶考之路的必然选择。

马克思主义理论形态的历史演变及其辩证法基础

马克思主义是不断发展的、开放的理论,始终站在时代最前沿。从理论特质来看,马克思主义并非是一成不变、既成性的,而是与时俱进、生成性的。从理论形态来看,从19世纪到20世纪、再到21世纪,马克思主义的历史生成形态大致包括马克思主义的“经典形态”“发展形态”和“创新形态”。具体而言,马克思主义的“经典形态”即“原生形态”是由马克思、恩格斯共同创立的马克思主义的“欧洲形态”;马克思主义的“发展形态”即列宁主义是由列宁根据经济文化落后国家的具体实际创立的马克思主义的“俄国形态”;马克思主义的“创新形态”即马克思主义中国化的理论形态是由中国共产党人坚持、发展的马克思主义的“中国形态”。从辩证法基础来看,马克思主义的理论形态均贯穿着马克思主义哲学这一科学世界观和方法论,如果说马克思主义“经典形态”的基础是历史辩证法、马克思主义“发展形态”的基础是认识辩证法,那么,马克思主义“创新形态”的基础就是战略辩证法。

《泰山药物志》医学思想探析

《泰山药物志》是民国时期特色鲜明、影响较大的中医药学著作。全书共8卷(主干4卷),详载泰山药物500余味,附以单方验方及与泰山药物有关的轶事传闻,对研究民国时期医病特色、泰山药物的采集与使用具有较高的实用价值。结合书中所载处方及诊病记录,探析该书“治病先固本”“病理如事理”“天下物皆是药”“五海以和为贵”等医学药学思想,分析高宗岳医学思想的时代特征与思想渊源,对本书的历史价值与影响也作了初步探讨。