Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and ...Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.展开更多
Our country＇s garbage collection system has been widely concerned in society, because of its low reclamation rate, and difficult in supervision. The Internet of things technology has shown significant superiority in ...Our country＇s garbage collection system has been widely concerned in society, because of its low reclamation rate, and difficult in supervision. The Internet of things technology has shown significant superiority in solving that＇s problem because of its traceability characteristics, dynamic. This paper takes the Internet of things technology as the basis, starting from the end of the collection, transportation and treatment of urban wastes in three aspects, construct a closed loop waste treatment system has good information feedback and processing capacity.展开更多
The fatty acid of poppy pollen,collected by bee from Gansu, China, has been investigated by GC-MS. We detected about 16 acids in The poppy pollen, including Blltanedioic acid, Octanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Pentadecano...The fatty acid of poppy pollen,collected by bee from Gansu, China, has been investigated by GC-MS. We detected about 16 acids in The poppy pollen, including Blltanedioic acid, Octanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15- Octadecatfienoic acid, and Eicosanoic arid. Among Them, Pentadecanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Pentanoic acid Hexadcanoic acid and 9,12,15-Octadecatfienoic acid predominated. Moreover, Different esterfication methods were tried. The best is that in which The sample was extracted by a mixture of Methanol: Cyclohexane: Sulfuric Acid(150:70:75 V/V), partitioned with chloroform and water to separate, dried over Na2SO4, and analysed by GC/MS/DS. About 16 esters were identified. The method is simple and accurate.展开更多
This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposal and management in Ch...This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposal and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents' attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the output of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents' expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residents are in favor of the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against garbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control, promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.展开更多
The term garbage collection describes the automated process of finding previously allocated memorythatis no longer in use in order to make the memory available to satisfy subsequent allocation requests. Wehave reviewe...The term garbage collection describes the automated process of finding previously allocated memorythatis no longer in use in order to make the memory available to satisfy subsequent allocation requests. Wehave reviewed existing papers and implementations of GC, and especially analyzed Boehm' s C codes, which isa real-time mark-sweep GC running under Linux and ANSI C standard. In this paper, we will quantitatively an-alyze the performance of different configurations of Boehm' s collector subjected to different workloads. Reportedmeasurements demonstrate that a refined garbage collector is a viable alternative to traditional explicit memorymanagement techniques, even for low-level languages. It is more a trade-off for certain system than an all-or-nothing proposition.展开更多
文摘Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.
文摘Our country＇s garbage collection system has been widely concerned in society, because of its low reclamation rate, and difficult in supervision. The Internet of things technology has shown significant superiority in solving that＇s problem because of its traceability characteristics, dynamic. This paper takes the Internet of things technology as the basis, starting from the end of the collection, transportation and treatment of urban wastes in three aspects, construct a closed loop waste treatment system has good information feedback and processing capacity.
文摘The fatty acid of poppy pollen,collected by bee from Gansu, China, has been investigated by GC-MS. We detected about 16 acids in The poppy pollen, including Blltanedioic acid, Octanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15- Octadecatfienoic acid, and Eicosanoic arid. Among Them, Pentadecanoic acid, Decanoic acid, Pentanoic acid Hexadcanoic acid and 9,12,15-Octadecatfienoic acid predominated. Moreover, Different esterfication methods were tried. The best is that in which The sample was extracted by a mixture of Methanol: Cyclohexane: Sulfuric Acid(150:70:75 V/V), partitioned with chloroform and water to separate, dried over Na2SO4, and analysed by GC/MS/DS. About 16 esters were identified. The method is simple and accurate.
文摘This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposal and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents' attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the output of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents' expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residents are in favor of the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against garbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control, promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.
文摘The term garbage collection describes the automated process of finding previously allocated memorythatis no longer in use in order to make the memory available to satisfy subsequent allocation requests. Wehave reviewed existing papers and implementations of GC, and especially analyzed Boehm' s C codes, which isa real-time mark-sweep GC running under Linux and ANSI C standard. In this paper, we will quantitatively an-alyze the performance of different configurations of Boehm' s collector subjected to different workloads. Reportedmeasurements demonstrate that a refined garbage collector is a viable alternative to traditional explicit memorymanagement techniques, even for low-level languages. It is more a trade-off for certain system than an all-or-nothing proposition.
