Gates joint locally connected network for accurate and robust reconstruction in optical molecular tomography

Optical molecular tomography(OMT)is a potential pre-clinical molecular imaging technique with applications in a variety of biomedical areas,which can provide non-invasive quantitative three-dimensional(3D)information regarding tumor distribution in living animals.The construction of optical transmission models and the application of reconstruction algorithms in traditional model-based reconstruction processes have affected the reconstruction results,resulting in problems such as low accuracy,poor robustness,and long-time consumption.Here,a gates joint locally connected network(GLCN)method is proposed by establishing the mapping relationship between the inside source distribution and the photon density on surface directly,thus avoiding the extra time consumption caused by iteration and the reconstruction errors caused by model inaccuracy.Moreover,gates module was composed of the concatenation and multiplication operators of three different gates.It was embedded into the network aiming at remembering input surface photon density over a period and allowing the network to capture neurons connected to the true source selectively by controlling three different gates.To evaluate the performance of the proposed method,numerical simulations were conducted,whose results demonstrated good performance in terms of reconstruction positioning accuracy and robustness.

Study of a Hydraulic Jump in an Asymmetric Trapezoidal Channel with Different Sluice Gates

In this study,the main properties of the hydraulic jump in an asymmetric trapezoidal flume are analyzed experimentally,including the so-called sequent depths,characteristic lengths,and efficiency.In particular,an asymmetric trapezoidal flume with a length of 7 m and a width of 0.304 m is considered,with the bottom of the flume transversely inclined at an angle of m=0.296 and vertical lateral sides.The corresponding inflow Froude number is allowed to range in the interval(1.40<F1<6.11).The properties of this jump are compared to those of hydraulic jumps in channels with other types of cross-sections.A relationship for calculating hydraulic jump efficiency is proposed for the considered flume.For F1>5,the hydraulic jump is found to be more effective than that occurring in triangular and symmetric trapezoidal channels.Also,when■mes>8 and■>5,the hydraulic jump in the asymmetrical trapezoidal channel downstream of a parallelogram sluice gate is completely formed as opposed to the situation where a triangular sluice is considered.

Skyrmion-based logic gates controlled by electric currents in synthetic antiferromagnet

Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates.

Thermal spin molecular logic gates modulated by an electric field

Logic gates are fundamental structural components in all modern digital electronic devices. Here, nonequilibrium Green's functions are incorporated with the density functional theory to verify the thermal spin transport features of the single-molecule spintronic devices constructed by a single molecule in series or parallel connected with graphene nanoribbons electrodes. Our calculations demonstrate that the electric field can manipulate the spin-polarized current. Then, a complete set of thermal spin molecular logic gates are proposed, including AND, OR, and NOT gates. The mentioned logic gates enable different designs of complex thermal spin molecular logic functions and facilitate the electric field control of thermal spin molecular devices.

An integrated split and dummy gates MOSFET with fast turn-off and reverse recovery characteristics

A power MOSFET with integrated split gate and dummy gate(SD-MOS) is proposed and demonstrated by the TCAD SENTAURUS.The split gate is surrounded by the source and shielded by the dummy gate.Consequently,the coupling area between the split gate and the drain electrode is reduced,thus the gate-to-drain charge(Q_(GD)),reverse transfer capacitance(C_(RSS)) and turn-off loss(E_(off)) are significantly decreased.Moreover,the MOS-channel diode is controlled by the dummy gate with ultra-thin gate oxide t_(ox),which can be turned on before the parasitic P-base/N-drift diode at the reverse conduction,then the majority carriers are injected to the N-drift to attenuate the minority injection.Therefore,the reverse recovery charge(Q_(RR)),time(T_(RR)) and peak current(I_(RRM)) are effectively reduced at the reverse freewheeling state.Additionally,the specific on-resistance(R_(on,sp)) and breakdown voltage(BV) are also studied to evaluate the static properties of the proposed SD-MOS.The simulation results show that the Q_(GD) of 6 nC/cm^(2),the C_(RSS) of 1.1 pF/cm^(2) at the V_(DS) of 150 V,the QRR of 1.2 μC/cm^(2) and the R_(on,sp) of 8.4 mΩ·cm^(2) are obtained,thus the figures of merit(FOM) including Q_(GD) ×R_(on,sp) of50 nC·mΩ,E_(off) × R_(on,sp) of 0.59 mJ·mΩ and the Q_(RR) × R_(on,sp) of 10.1 μC·mΩ are achieved for the proposed SD-MOS.

Gates法计算的GFR在单侧肾积水患者肾小球滤过功能评价中的应用

目的探讨Gates法计算的肾小球滤过率(GFR)对单侧肾积水患者肾小球滤过功能评估的价值。方法选择经B超检查确诊为单侧肾积水的患者176例(轻度积水组21例、中度积水组33例、重度积水组122例),同期选取泌尿系统及GFR均正常的肾移植供体捐献者22例(正常对照组)。两组均接受99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像检查,用Gates法计算患肾、健肾、双肾GFR值,根据单肾GFR将患者肾功能划分为肾功能正常、轻度下降、中度下降、重度下降及肾无功能。结果与正常对照组比较,中、重度积水组患侧肾GFR降低,轻、中、重度积水组健侧肾GFR升高,中、重度积水组双肾GFR降低(P均<0.05)。轻度积水组90.48%的患肾GFR正常,中度积水组63.64%的患肾GFR轻度下降,重度积水组35.25%的患肾GFR重度下降、33.33%的患肾无功能。积水越严重肾功能越差。结论 Gates法计算的单肾、总肾GFR可定量分析单侧肾积水患者肾小球滤过功能,同步评价健侧肾的代偿能力。

Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果研究

目的通过临床随机对照试验的方法评价Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉有效性和安全性。方法使用左右半口设计,32例患者的左右下颌阻生第三磨牙分别随机采用Gow-Gates法和传统注射法进行下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉,并拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙,记录麻醉效果及不良事件。结果所有患者均完成研究。Gow-Gates法的麻醉成功率为96.9%,传统注射法的麻醉成功率为90.6%,二者的麻醉成功率无统计学差异(P=0.317)。在麻醉程度上,Gow-Gates法麻醉程度为A和B级的比率为96.9%,明显好于传统注射法的78.1%(P=0.034)。Gow-Gates法的回抽出血率明显低于传统注射法(P=0.025),2种注射方法均未出现血肿。结论 Gow-Gates法下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术中的麻醉效果好且较为安全,可以作为传统注射法的有效补充。

肾积水对轻中度肾损伤者Gates法GFR的影响

目的了解轻中度肾积水对肾动态显像GFR的影响。方法回顾2010年1～12月51例双血浆法GFR(tGFR)在30～90ml/(1.73m2.min)范围内的肾积水患者的肾动态显像,按照tGFR的大小并结合肾脏疾病的分期标准分成正常对照组[90ml(1.73m2.min)≤tGFR<120ml/(1.73m2.min)],轻度[60ml/(1.73m2.min)≤tGFR<90ml/(1.73m2.min)]和中度[30ml/(1.73m2.min)≤tGFR<60ml/(1.73m2.min)]肾损伤3组,并比较体表面积标准化前后Gates法GFR(gGFR)和tGFR间差异和相关性。结果大多数情况下,gGFR均高于tGFR,二者差值范围-35.1～26.1ml/(1.73m2.min);tGFRBSA和gGFRBSA间差值范围-38.3～26.8ml/(1.73m2.min)。无论轻度和中度肾损伤组,还是整体患者中,BSA标准化均可改善tGFR和gGFR间的相关性。BSA标准化后,中度肾损伤组的相关系数可达到0.634(P=0.020),而轻度肾损伤组和整体患者中仅为0.298(P=0.229)和0.543(P=0.002)。结论体表面积标准化Gates法GFR可提高其与双血浆法间的相关性,但评估肾积水伴轻中度肾损伤患者GFR价值有限,应参考双血浆法的定量结果。

Implementing remote controlled-NOT gates and entanglement swapping via geometric phase gates in ion-trap systems

We propose a scheme for the implementation of remote controlled-NOT gates and entanglement swapping via geometric phase gates in ion-trap systems. The proposed scheme uses the two ground states of the A-type ions as memory instead of the vibrational mode. And the system is robust against the spontaneous radiation and the dephasing.

Realization of adiabatic and diabatic CZ gates in superconducting qubits coupled with a tunable coupler

High fidelity two-qubit gates are fundamental for scaling up the superconducting qubit number.We use two qubits coupled via a frequency-tunable coupler which can adjust the coupling strength,and demonstrate the CZ gate using two different schemes,adiabatic and diabatic methods.The Clifford based randomized benchmarking(RB) method is used to assess and optimize the CZ gate fidelity.The fidelities of adiabatic and diabatic CZ gates are 99.53(8)% and 98.72(2)%,respectively.We also analyze the errors induced by the decoherence.Comparing to 30 ns duration time of adiabatic CZ gate,the duration time of diabatic CZ gate is 19 ns,revealing lower incoherence error rate r’_(incoherent),int=0.0197(5) compared to r_(incoherent,int)=0.0223(3).

基于Attention Gates和R2U-Net的遥感影像建筑物提取方法

针对深度语义分割算法提取遥感影像建筑物时易产生建筑物边缘分割不明确、提取精度不高等问题,该文提出一种基于Attention Gates(AG)和R2U-Net的遥感影像建筑物提取方法(AGR2U-Net)。该方法将R2U-Net模型每一层输出的特征图与其相邻层的特征图输入至改进的AG模型中,得到与输入影像大小一致的特征图,以提高R2U-Net模型的多尺度泛化能力,从而增强该模型对建筑物特征的响应及灵敏度,最终提升遥感影像建筑物提取精度。利用WHU卫星影像数据集和WHU航空影像数据集,对该方法与U-Net、Improved U-Net、SegU-Net和R2U-Net方法进行对比实验验证,结果表明,该方法的交并比、像素准确率和召回率均最高,且提取的建筑物边缘更准确、内部信息更完整、误检和漏检情况更少。

弹丸注射质量对Gates法测定活体肾移植供者GFR的影响

目的探讨高质量弹丸注射对Gates法准确测定活体肾移植供者GFR的重要意义。方法收集在我院核医学科行肾动态显像的102例亲属活体肾移植供者的检查资料,将这102例受检者根据弹丸注射质量分为两组:A组(弹丸注射质量良好)56例,B组(弹丸注射质量欠佳以及不合格)46例。对比两组的年龄、性别、肾脏深度、注入体内放射性计数、分肾GFR、总肾GFR、eGFR差异,并将两组的肾动态显像测定的总肾GFR值与eGFR进行相关性和一致性分析。结果A、B两组的年龄、性别、肾脏深度、注入体内放射性计数、eGFR差异均无统计学意义,而两组的左肾GFR、右肾GFR、总GFR的差异均具有统计学意义。与B组相比,A组的总GFR与eGRF有更好的相关性和一致性。结论高质量弹丸注射对Gates法准确测定活体肾移植供者GFR具有重要意义,弹丸质量不佳将导致测定的GFR偏低。

应用^(99m)Tc-DTPA测定GFR——Gates法

应用^(99m)Tc-DTPA检测肾功能的方法很多,Gates法是以^(99m)Tc-DTPA肾摄取率来计算GFR,它可同时评价总肾功能和分肾功能,并且与临床传统检查的内生肌酐清除率有良好的相关性(r=0.89～0.99).本文简要介绍了Gates法及其有关的γ射线吸收校正、肾脏深度的计算、检测时间的设定等问题.

Controllable all-optical stochastic logic gates and their delay storages based on the cascaded VCSELs with optical-injection

Using the dynamical properties of the polarization bistability that depends on the detuning of the injected light,we propose a novel approach to implement reliable all-optical stochastic logic gates in the cascaded vertical cavity surface emitting lasers（VCSELs） with optical-injection.Here,two logic inputs are encoded in the detuning of the injected light from a tunable CW laser.The logic outputs are decoded from the two orthogonal polarization lights emitted from the optically injected VCSELs.For the same logic inputs,under electro-optic modulation,we perform various digital signal processing（NOT,AND,NAND,XOR,XNOR,OR,NOR） in the all-optical domain by controlling the logic operation of the applied electric field.Also we explore their delay storages by using the mechanism of the generalized chaotic synchronization.To quantify the reliabilities of these logic gates,we further demonstrate their success probabilities.

Tunable Nongeometric Phase Gates for Two Hot Ions via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark States

We propose a scheme for implementing nongeometric phase gates fbr two trapped ions via adiabatic passage of dark states. During the operation, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, thus the scheme is insensitive to heating. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission is suppressed since the ions are always in the electronic ground states. The scheme is robust against small fluctuations of parameters, and the conditional phase is tunable.

Two-qubit and three-qubit controlled gates with cross-Kerr nonlinearity

Schemes for two-qubit and three-qubit controlled gates based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity are proposed in this paper.The probability of the success of these gates can be increased by quantum nondemolition detectors,which are used to judge which paths the signal photons pass through.These schemes are almost deterministic and require no ancilla photon.The advantages of these gates over the existing ones include less resource consumption and a higher probability of success,which make our schemes more feasible with current technology.

Study of Decoherence of Elementary Gates Implemented in a Chain of Few Nuclear Spins Quantum Computer Model

We study the phenomenon of decoherence during the operation of one qubit transformation, controlled-not (CNOT) and controlled-controlled-not (C2NOT) quantum gates in a quantum computer model formed by a linear chain of three nuclear spins system. We make this study with different type of environments, and we determine the associated decoherence time as a function of the dissipative parameter. We found that the dissipation parameter to get a well defined quantum gates (without significant decoherence) must be within the range of . We also study the behavior of the purity parameter for these gates and different environments and found linear or quadratic decays of this parameter depending on the type of environments.

A High Performance Sub-100nm Nitride/Oxynitride Stack Gate Dielectric CMOS Device with Refractory W/TiN Metal Gates

By complementing the equivalent oxide thickness （EOT） of a 1.7nm nitride/oxynitride （N/O） stack gate dielectric （EOT- 1.7nm） with a W/TiN metal gate electrode,metal gate CMOS devices with sub-100nm gate length are fabricated in China for the first time. The key technologies adopted to restrain SCE and to improve drive ability include a 1.7nm N/O stack gate dielectric, non-CMP planarization technology, a T-type refractory W/TiN metal stack gate electrode, and a novel super steep retrograde channel doping using heavy ion implantation and a double sidewall scheme. Using these optimized key technologies, high performance 95nm metal gate CMOS devices with excellent SCE and good driving ability are fabricated. Under power supply voltages of VDS ± 1.5V and VGS± 1.8V,drive currents of 679μA/μm for nMOS and - 327μA/μm for pMOS are obtained. A subthreshold slope of 84.46mV/dec, DIBL of 34.76mV/V, and Vth of 0.26V for nMOS, and a subthreshold slope of 107.4mV/dec,DIBL of 54.46mV/V, and Vth of 0.27V for pMOS are achieved. These results show that the combined technology has indeed thoroughly eliminated the boron penetration phenomenon and polysilicon depletion effect ,effectively reduced gate tunneling leakage, and improved device reliability.

STUDY ON NON LINEAR VIBRATION RESPONSE OF PLATE GATES *

This paper deals with the vertical vibration, the horizontal translatory and flexural vibrations of plate gate with a flat bottom under the action of unstable submerged underflow. Based on a non linear resonant oscillator model by which the coupled excitation mechanism between the unstable vortices and gate motion can be simulated, the differential equations for the three types of gate vibrations are established. The parameters in the equations are determined by model experiments. Then, the steady state non linear responses of the three types of gate vibrations are calculated. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data of gate vibrations with different reduced velocity and gate parameters by previous researchers.

Bipolar Quantum Logic Gates and Quantum Cellular Combinatorics—A Logical Extension to Quantum Entanglement

Based on bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) and bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) this work introduces bipolar quantum logic gates and quantum cellular combinatorics with a logical interpretation to quantum entanglement. It is shown that: 1) BDL leads to logically definable causality and generic particle-antiparticle bipolar quantum entanglement;2) BQLA makes composite atom-atom bipolar quantum entanglement reachable. Certain logical equivalence is identified between the new interpretation and established ones. A logical reversibility theorem is presented for ubiquitous quantum computing. Physical reversibility is briefly discussed. It is shown that a bipolar matrix can be either a modular generalization of a quantum logic gate matrix or a cellular connectivity matrix. Based on this observation, a scalable graph theory of quantum cellular combinatorics is proposed. It is contended that this work constitutes an equilibrium-based logical extension to Bohr’s particle-wave complementarity principle, Bohm’s wave function and Bell’s theorem. In the meantime, it is suggested that the result may also serve as a resolution, rather than a falsification, to the EPR paradox and, therefore, a equilibrium-based logical unification of local realism and quantum non-locality.