Gauss's Law for Magnetism &Law of Universal Magnetism: Calculate the Charge of a Monopole

This paper describes a mathematical proof that Gauss’s Law for Magnetism can be derived from the Law of Universal Magnetism [1]. A second reciprocal proof also shows that the Law of Universal Magnetism can be derived from Gauss’s Law for Magnetism. These two complimentary proofs confirm that the Law of Universal Magnetism is a valid equation rooted in Gaussian law. The paper also confirms the theoretical existence of the magnetic monopole and calculates its magnetic charge using the ratio of the electromagnetic field and the speed of light. Using the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron, the mass and radius of the magnetic monopole are determined. The monopole is found to have the same radius as the electron and can also be found in the electromagnetic spectrum range known as gamma rays. Lightning is a natural source of gamma rays and could prove fruitful in the search for monopoles.

NOETHER’S THEORY FOR NONHOLONOMIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS RELATIVE TO NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAME

The new variational principle of Gauss’s form of nonlinear nonholonomicnonpotential system relative to non-inertial reference frame is established byconstructing generalized inertial potentials.Noether’s theorem and Noether’s inversetheorem of the system above is presented and proved.Finally,one example is given toillustrate the application.

Theory of Asymmetric Electrostatic Force

Asymmetric Electrostatic Force is a very interesting phenomenon. The intensity of the electrostatic force that acts on a charged asymmetric shaped conductor changes when the direction of the electric field is reversed. The theory of this phenomenon is not clear until today. Therefore this paper will clearly explain the theory of this phenomenon with Gauss’s law. Total ΣES on a closed Gaussian surface around a disk-cylinder shaped charged conductor is the same before and after when the direction of the electric field is reversed. However the distribution of ΣES changes. Many part of total ΣES gather on the front surface of the disk when the electric field is generated. But they transfer to the peripheral side of the cylinder when the direction of the electric field is reversed. This result means that many charges transferred from the surface to the peripheral side. As a result the intensity of the field direction electrostatic force becomes weak.

Multiple Debye Spherical Layers and Universe —Gravitation Originates from Electric Force

Electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are the basis of electrostatics. By extended analysis on the electric field lines of a charge, it is shown that electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are not tenable in some states, involving the electric field of ion atmosphere that is a key concept in Debye-Hückel theory of electrolyte solution and plasma. Unveiling Debye shield, ion atmosphere (Debye spherical layer 1) actually is equivalent to continue to transmit the electric field originated from the central ion, just changing the direction of the electric field. Debye spherical layer 2 and multiple Debye spherical layers generate in the transmission. Due to the effect of the multiple Debye spherical layers of charged particles in the universe, gravitation originates from electric force.