On the Line Graph of the Complement Graph for the Ring of Gaussian Integers Modulo n

The line graph for the complement of the zero divisor graph for the ring of Gaussian integers modulo n is studied. The diameter, the radius and degree of each vertex are determined. Complete characterization of Hamiltonian, Eulerian, planer, regular, locally and locally connected is given. The chromatic number when is a power of a prime is computed. Further properties for and are also discussed.

Theoretical Model of Diffraction Line Profiles as Combinations of Gaussian and Cauchy Distributions

Previously we derived equations determining line broadening in ax-ray diffraction profile due to stacking faults. Here, we will consider line broadening due to particle size and strain which are the other factors affecting line broadening in a diffraction profile. When line broadening in a diffraction profile is due to particle size and strain, the theoretical model of the sample under study is either a Gaussian or a Cauchy function or a combination of these functions, e.g. Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions. Although the overall nature of these functions can be determined by Mitra’s R(x) test and the Pearson and Hartley x?test, details of a predicted model will be lacking. Development of a mathematical model to predict various parameters before embarking upon the actual experiment would enable correction of significant sources of error prior to calculations. Therefore, in this study, predictors of integral width, Fourier Transform, Second and Fourth Moment and Fourth Cumulant of samples represented by Gauss, Cauchy, Voigt and Pseudovoigt functions have been worked out. An additional parameter, the coefficient of excess, which is the ratio of the Fourth Moment to three times the square of the Second Moment, has been proposed. For a Gaussian profile the coefficient of excess is one, whereas for Cauchy distributions, it is a function of the lattice variable. This parameter can also be used for determining the type of distribution present in aggregates of distorted crystallites. Programs used to define the crystal structure of materials need to take this parameter into consideration.

配电线路绝缘漆喷涂机器人作业位置跟踪仿真

应用在高架配电线路上的绝缘漆喷涂机器人在自然因素影响下,无法保持匀速作业,导致其位置跟踪难度较大。于是提出一种新的机器人作业位置跟踪方法。对采集的目标图像完成高斯滤波处理,最大程度强化目标图像细节信息。检测目标图像显著域,获取可能存在目标的感兴趣区域,同时在原图内提取对应特征,完成作业位置识别。引入Bouguet算法,校正目标图像。利用双目立体匹配的视差获取机器人作业位置,最终实现配电线路绝缘漆喷涂机器人作业位置的跟踪。仿真结果表明,研究方法能够准确跟踪机器人作业位置,目标位置的识别误差低于0.5cm,平均耗时为43.6s,有效提高了绝缘漆喷涂机器人作业效率。

一种基于Edline线特征的车道线识别算法

为了提升车道线检测的准确性和实时性,改良车道偏离预警系统的性能,提出了一种新的车道线识别算法。首先应用投影法对采集到的图像设立感兴趣区域,以此来减少图像中存在的干扰信息;其次应用一种改进后的自适应高斯滤波算法对采集所得图像进行平滑处理,减少图像中不必要的细节;最后采用边缘绘制算法进行边缘检测,在此基础上,提出一种线段检测算法——Edline算法提取边缘线,对检测到的直线段进行筛选和聚类。利用引用计数法对车道线进行跟踪和预测。结果表明,新算法的平均处理时间为17.1 ms,准确率为96.19%,将其应用在车道偏离预警系统中可以有效地提高预警效率,提升预警的准确性和响应速度。研究结果丰富了车道线识别理论,可为车道偏离预警系统的应用及基础研究提供参考。

Probability Distribution of the Hull Motion and Mooring Line Tension of Two Floating Systems

The statistical and distribution characteristics of the responses of a floater and its mooring lines are essential in designing floating/mooring systems.In general,the dynamic responses of offshore structures obey a Gaussian distribution,assuming that the structural system,and sea loads are linear or weakly nonlinear.However,mooring systems and wave loads are considerably nonlinear,and the dynamic responses of hull/mooring systems are non-Gaussian.In this study,the dynamic responses of two types of floaters,semi-submersible and spar platforms,and their mooring lines are computed using coupled dynamic analysis in the time domain.Herein,the statistical characteristics and distributions of the hull motion and mooring line tension are discussed and compared.The statistical distributions of the dynamic responses have strong non-Gaussianity and are unreasonably fitted by a Gaussian distribution for the two floating and mooring systems.Then,the effects of water depth,wave parameters,and low-frequency and wave-frequency components on the non-Gaussianity of the hull motion,and mooring line tension are investigated and discussed.A comparison of the statistical distributions of the responses with various probability density functions,including the Gamma,Gaussian,General Extreme Value,Weibull,and Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM)distributions,shows that the GMM distribution is better than the others for characterizing the statistical distributions of the hull motion,and mooring line tension responses.Furthermore,the GMM distribution has the best accuracy of response prediction.

Statistics Modeling of Shallow Sea Ambient Noise and Its Applications in Low-frequency Line Spectrum Detection

The noise's statistical characteristics are very important for signal detection.In this paper,the ambient noise statistical characteristics are investigated by using the recorded noise data in sea trials first,and the results show that the generalized Gaussian distribution is a suitable model for the ambient noise modeling.Thereafter,the optimal detector based on maximum likelihood ratio can be deduced,and the asymptotic detector is also derived under weak signal assumption.The detector's performance is verified by using numerical simulation,and the results showthat the optimal and asymptotic detectors outperform the conventional correlation-integration system due to accuracy modeling of ambient noise.

Representing the retinal line spread shape with mathematical functions

Objective: To report a mathematical function that characterizes the double-pass line spread function (LSF) of the human eye. Determining analytical functions that represent the double-pass LSF is important because it allows modeling the optical performance of the eye. Methods: Optical section retinal images, generated in normal human eyes using a modified slit-lamp biomicroscope, were analyzed to derive the double-pass LSF by plotting the intensity distribution of laser light reflected/ scattered from the vitreoretinal interface. Three mathematical functions (Lorentzian, Gaussian, exponential) were fitted to the double-pass LSF and the root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated to provide a measure of the goodness of fit. Results: The Lorentzian function provided the best representation of the double-pass LSF of normal human eyes. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Lorentzian fitted curve was positively correlated with age, indicating that the double-pass LSF broadens with age. Furthermore, the goodness of fit of the Lorentzian function was significantly better in younger subjects as compared with older subjects, suggesting that the fitted function to the double-pass LSF may vary according to age. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an age-related change in the double-pass LSF width and the goodness of fit of the Lorentzian function.

Special algorithm of enhancing underwater targetradiated dynamic line spectrum

Performance of traditional adaptive line enhancer (ALE) in suppressing Gaussian noise is low and can get worse at low input signaltonoise ratio(SNR). For greatly overcoming these disadvantages, feature of fourthorder cumulant(FOC) different slices for quasistationary random process is analyzed, fourth order cumulant(FOC) different slicebased adaptive dynamic line enhancer is presented, and output SNR of the proposed enhancer is derived and bigger than that of the ALE via theoretical analysis. Simulation tests with the underwater moving targetradiated data have shown that the proposed enhancer outperforms the ALE in suppressing Gaussian noise and enhancing dynamic line spectrum feature.

Gaussian particle filter based pose and motion estimation

Determination of relative three-dimensional (3D) position, orientation, and relative motion between two reference frames is an important problem in robotic guidance, manipulation, and assembly as well as in other fields such as photogrammetry. A solution to pose and motion estimation problem that uses two-dimensional (2D) intensity images from a single camera is de- sirable for real-time applications. The difficulty in performing this measurement is that the process of projecting 3D object features to 2D images is a nonlinear transformation. In this paper, the 3D transformation is modeled as a nonlinear stochastic system with the state estimation providing six degrees-of-freedom motion and position values, using line features in image plane as measuring inputs and dual quaternion to represent both rotation and translation in a unified notation. A filtering method called the Gaussian particle filter (GPF) based on the particle filtering concept is presented for 3D pose and motion estimation of a moving target from monocular image sequences. The method has been implemented with simulated data, and simulation results are provided along with comparisons to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to show the relative advantages of the GPF. Simulation results showed that GPF is a superior alternative to EKF and UKF.

A Study of Bilinear Models in Voice Conversion

This paper presents a voice conversion technique based on bilinear models and introduces the concept of contextual modeling. The bilinear approach reformulates the spectral envelope representation from line spectral frequencies feature to a two-factor parameterization corresponding to speaker identity and phonetic information, the so-called style and content factors. This decomposition offers a flexible representation suitable for voice conversion and facilitates the use of efficient training algorithms based on singular value decomposition. In a contextual approach (bilinear) models are trained on subsets of the training data selected on the fly at conversion time depending on the characteristics of the feature vector to be converted. The performance of bilinear models and context modeling is evaluated in objective and perceptual tests by comparison with the popular GMM-based voice conversion method for several sizes and different types of training data.

基于改进直线检测的箱体跌落姿态角解算方法

弹药跌落环境模拟系统主要用于对各种弹药(箱装或裸弹)、引信、仪器设备等进行跌落试验。针对野外复杂背景下高速相机采集的目标跌落图像噪声大、边缘复杂不易提取且图像数据量大等问题,设计了融合高斯核函数和边窗思想的滤波算法、基于感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)的改进Hough直线检测算法以及基于序列图像ROI动态更新的边缘直线自动提取算法,解决了去噪过程中目标边缘扩散和序列图像姿态角解算耗时长的问题。实验表明,所提出的改进算法保护了高噪声图像的边缘特征,直线检测耗时低于标准Hough变换耗时的1/10,实现了多帧图像运动目标姿态角的快速自动提取,姿态角解算平均绝对误差为0.36%。

基于高斯分布的疫苗生产调度模型

疫苗的批量生产效率受到工位的生产水平、工人劳动时间以及销售额等多重因素影响,企业难以保证提高效率的同时实现销售额最大化.针对这一问题,该文以第十八届五一数学建模A赛题为例,提出了疫苗生产时间符合高斯分布条件下的车间流水线模型与同类疫苗连续生产模型,采用C++语言和SPSS对生产数据进行统计分析,并利用蒙特卡洛算法和动态规划算法得出限定条件下的疫苗生产序列,完成一百万剂生产任务所需的最少时间,以及进一步优化模型得出最大销售额.最后,实验结果证明了本模型具有合理性与可行性,为提高疫苗生产效率提供参考依据.

变电站引下线体系时域非线性风振分析

变电站引下线结构体系一般为分裂导线,且具有跨度小、高差大、线长短、上下连接的特点,强风引起的事故时有发生。为研究风荷载作用下引下线的非线性风振响应特性,利用AR模型法对脉动风荷载进行模拟,对引下线柔性体系进行模态分析和风振响应时程分析,研究了气动阻尼、风向角、跨高比、间隔棒数量等参数对风振响应的影响。结果表明,引下线体系响应有着明显的非高斯性。与常规水平大跨越输电线相比,其固有频率较高,气动阻尼影响较小。平面内风荷载会导致较大的反力响应,平面外风荷载会导致较大的位移响应;跨高比的增加会导致结构的反力响应增大,而位移响应减小。结构跨中位移响应均随着间隔棒数量增加而减少;而结构的端部反力在间隔棒数量为5时最小。引下线内力响应风振系数和位移响应风振系数并不一致,随跨度增大,风振系数呈减小趋势。

测量作业中距离检核方法对比分析

在对野外测量作业成果质量检核时,经常使用全站仪测距与大地线长比较做检核,但发现在新疆地区检核时出现误差较大的现象,由此展开分析可知,主要是由于经度的变化影响反算的大地线长,在短距离时使用高斯平均引数公式反算大地线长与全站仪测距具有可比性,而使用全站仪测距检核空间坐标计算的距离更为可靠。

一种利用导航轨迹数据的车道信息提取方法

基于轨迹数据提取车道级道路信息的关键在于道路中心线,然而目前已有研究大都基于先验地图或者粗略估算来获取道路中心线,这严重降低了后续车道信息提取与更新的效率和精度。为此,文章提出了一种利用导航GNSS轨迹数据自动提取车道信息的方法。首先,利用自适应K-means聚类方法对导航轨迹进行方向划分并基于轨迹的密度分布实现轨迹数据清洗;其次,根据机动车轨迹在道路上的位置分布进行拟合,实现车行方向道路中心线的提取;最后,基于约束高斯混合模型实现各个路段的车道数量和车道中心线的提取。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确地提取车道信息,其中车道数量精度为79.8%,车道中心线的位置精度接近1 m,车道宽度精度大都优于0.5 m。

非高斯噪声下电力线载波通信压缩感知信道估计方法

传统的基于压缩感知的电力线载波通信信道估计方法,多数在高斯噪声假设下对信道系数进行估计。实际过程中,电力线电磁环境复杂,噪声往往并不服从高斯分布。本文考虑非高斯环境下电力线载波通信信道估计问题,利用高斯混合密度对噪声统计特性进行描述,在此基础上,结合信道系数的稀疏特性对信道系数进行估计。利用数值仿真对本文所提算法的性能进行测试,结果表明,与传统信道估计算法相比,本文所提出的方法具有更好的信道估计性能。

高斯滤波器在子弹三维图像特征提取中的应用

为了弹痕的自动比对,建立了基于结构光的子弹三维纹理信息获取系统。由于在采集三维信息时子弹的中轴线与采集系统的y坐标轴很难做到完全重合,这需要进行相应的坐标旋转,尤其是在子弹变形时,无法利用子弹近似圆柱提取这一信息,这都给弹痕提取带来了很大的困难。本系统采用高斯逼近滤波器的方法获取高斯滤波中线,然后将三维弹痕信息与高斯滤波中线相减,进而提取出子弹的弹痕信息。利用冲激响应不变法设计了十二级的IIR型数字高斯滤波器,所设计的高斯逼近滤波器最大幅度偏差只有1.38%,大大优于ISO11562规定的2.5%的最大幅度偏差。此方法使得弹痕提取过程更简单,提取结果更精确,对后续弹痕比对的准确率有明显的提升。

在线高斯混合模型和纹理支持的运动分割

运动分割是基于视频的运动分析中的基本问题·通过颜色和纹理特征的线性组合,实现了一种新的检测运动目标的算法·在线高斯混合模型不仅用于对背景进行更新,而且也用于计算像素颜色差异和颜色权值;纹理特征用于描述局部区域内的结构信息,提高了运动检测算法的鲁棒性·对不同场景的运动分割结果表明,该算法是高效和实用的·

Voigt线型宽度的经验公式及其应用

根据Voigt线型函数的解析形式,利用数值计算方法建立了Voigt线型宽度与洛仑兹线型宽度和高斯线型宽度的经验公式。以该线型宽度经验公式为基础,建立了由实验获得的光谱线型宽度计算得到洛仑兹和高斯宽度的方案,以一组线型函数为例验证了我们计算方案的可靠性。根据本工作建立的方法,对Ar气等离子体射流的696.5nm谱线进行了计算,得到了与其对应的洛仑兹线型和高斯线型函数。

基于广义高斯噪声模型的低频线谱检测

研究浅海环境噪声中低频线谱的检测问题。首先对实测海洋环境噪声的统计特性进行分析,提出了应用广义高斯分布对海洋环境噪声建模方法。在此基础上,针对低频线谱检测问题,推导了广义高斯噪声场中的最大似然检测器和渐近检测器,给出了弱线谱条件下线谱频率的最大似然估计。最后,利用实测数据对三种检测器的线谱检测性能进行了验证,结果表明:噪声模型准确度对检测器性能具有重要影响,广义最大似然检测器最佳,渐近检测器次之,相关检测器最差。