Mosaic of Printed Circuit Board Image Based on Gaussian-Hermite Moment Invariants

Quality inspection of a PCB （Printed Circuit Board） always requires us to stitch some separated images into an integral one. However, during image acquisition, some environmental influences such as vibration, noise and illumination will cause image degradation. An efficient image mosaic method has been urgently required to obtain a high-quality PCB panorama. Hence, an image mosaic method based on Gaussian-Hermite moments is presented in this paper. The characteristic points in the neighborhood of a PCB are represented by Gaussian-Hermite moment in- variants. They are characterized by independence to translation or rotation transformations. Meanwhile, such feature representation shows better noise robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces a qualified mosaic of PCB image.

Sensitivity Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Dielectric Targets with Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Method of Moments

In this paper,an adaptive polynomial chaos expansion method(PCE)based on the method of moments(MoM)is proposed to construct surrogate models for electromagnetic scattering and further sensitivity analysis.The MoM is applied to accurately solve the electric field integral equation(EFIE)of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.Within the bistatic radar cross section(RCS)as the research object,the adaptive PCE algorithm is devoted to selecting the appropriate order to construct the multivariate surrogate model.The corresponding sensitivity results are given by the further derivative operation,which is compared with those of the finite difference method(FDM).Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.

The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes

Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.

Implementing and evaluating an automatic centroid moment tensor procedure for the Indonesia region and surrounding areas

The purpose of this research was to suggest an applicable procedure for computing the centroid moment tensor(CMT)automatically and in real time from earthquakes that occur in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Gisola software was used to estimate the CMT solution by selecting the velocity model that best suited the local and regional geological conditions in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.The data used in this study were earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.4 to 8.0.High-quality,real-time broadband seismographic data were provided by the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Web Services(FDSNWS)and the European Integrated Data Archive(EIDA)Federation in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Furthermore,the inversion process and filter adjustment were carried out on the seismographic data to obtain good CMT solutions.The CMT solutions from Gisola provided good-quality solutions,in which all earthquake data had A-level quality(high quality,with good variant reduction).The Gisola CMT solution was justified with the Global CMT(GCMT)solution by using the Kagan angle value,with an average of approximately 11.2°.This result suggested that the CMT solution generated from Gisola was trustworthy and reliable.The Gisola CMT solution was typically available within approximately 15 minutes after an earthquake occurred.Once it met the quality requirement,it was automatically published on the internet.The catalog of local and regional earthquake records obtained through this technology holds great promise for improving the current understanding of regional seismic activity and ongoing tectonic processes.The accurate and real-time CMT solution generated by implementing the Gisola algorithm consisted of moment tensors and moment magnitudes,which provided invaluable insights into earthquakes occurring in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.

Gaussian-Hermite矩旋转不变矩的构建

矩及矩的方程因其较强的表述图像特征的能力在图像处理与模式识别中有着广泛的应用,但目前基于具有正交性质的Gaussian-Hermite矩的研究还比较有限.针对Gaussian-Hermite矩进行深入的研究,将其推广到极坐标下复数空间中,提出Polar-GaussianHermite矩;给出利用升降算符计算矩的方程的方法;并利用极坐标下复数空间中的优势,以及它们之间的一一对应关系,推导Gaussian-Hermite矩的旋转不变矩,并给出其旋转不变矩的独立与完备集.实验结果验证所提出的旋转不变矩的正确性,以及良好的数字稳健性.

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩和HVS的图像质量评价

提出一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩和人类视觉系统(HVS)特性融合的图像全参考质量评价方法。正交矩在图像处理和模式识别方面有很重要的作用。图像的低阶矩能很好地表征图像的特征,可用于图像质量的准确评价。该方法首先通过计算两幅图像间连续正交矩能量差异获得低阶矩特征;然后,结合HVS的掩盖效应对图像的不同区域分配不同权重;最后,对图像所有分区的连续正交矩能量差进行加权平均得到图像质量分数。在国际通用的图像质量评价数据集中,对所提出的方法进行测试。实验结果对比表明,该方法具有很好的效果。

一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的SAR图像分割方法

图像分割在SAR图像处理中具有很重要的意义。文中提出了一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的SAR图像分割方法。该方法针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像斑点噪声对现有分割方法带来的影响,利用Gaussian-Hermite矩的不同阶矩并结合SAR图像特征将目标从含噪背景中分割出来。实验部分同时采用了仿真数据和实测SAR数据,通过与小波能量等4种方法的分割结果进行比较,显示出了该方法的有效性。

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的图像局部特征描述与匹配研究

图像局部特征描述一直是图像配准与图像检索中极为重要的一部分。本文深入研究Gaussian-Hermite矩及其旋转不变矩的性质,根据尺度因子不影响其旋转不变性的特点,提出基于多尺度Gaussian-Hermite矩的图像局部特征描述方法,并通过实例与现有的特征描述方法进行详细比较。实例结果表明,所提出的方法具有更强的特征描述能力。

一种改进的基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的虹膜识别算法

提出一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的虹膜识别算法.首先由粗到精定位出虹膜,并归一化为多个一维信号,然后利用1阶和2阶Gaussian-Hermite矩提取一维信号的局部特征并进行0-1编码,最后用汉明距离分类.该算法只需单个训练样本,识别速度快,容易实现,并具有平移、旋转和缩放不变性.基于CASIA虹膜数据库的实验表明,算法的识别正确率达98.55%,单次平均识别时间为0.5 s.

基于正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的运动检测在去隔行中的研究

针对去隔行算法中运动检测易出现运动误判的问题,采用基于正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的运动检测算法,通过比较相邻连续图像帧绝对像素值的变换范围来判断像素点的运动范围,以此确定目标图像是否为运动图像.实验结果表明,此算法有效提高了峰值性噪比,降低了均方差,对运动平缓图像去锯齿效果良好.

时间正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的性质及其应用

矩早已被广泛地应用于模式识别、图像处理、计算机视觉和多分辨分析中.取高斯函数作平滑核的时间正交Gaussian-Hermite矩是最近才提出来的信号处理的数学工具.在这篇文章中,我们首先给出时间正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的一些时一频性质.为了克服运动目标检测的传统方法的不足,我们提出一种基于正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的运动目标检测方法.最后给出了此方法和其它运动目标检测方法的实验对比结果;实验表明,我们的方法是有效的.

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩和改进的Poincare Index的指纹奇异点提取

在指纹分类和匹配中,准确、可靠地提取奇异点十分重要.针对低质量指纹图像奇异点检测中精确定位和可靠性判断这一难题,提出了一种两阶段的奇异点提取算法.首先,针对现有Poincare index方法存在伪点检出较多和抗噪性较弱的问题,通过对其改进实现候选奇异点位置的确定;然后,再通过计算候选奇异点周围圆形邻域的Gaussian-Hermite矩分布属性值来判断其真伪.方法有效结合了奇异点周围邻域的纹线方向和纹线一致性信息,能够从指纹图像中较为准确、可靠地检测出奇异点.在NIST-4和南京大学活体指纹库上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.在从NIST-4中随机抽取的500幅指纹图像上,奇异点的检测准确率为93.05%(Core点准确率为96.93%,Delta点准确率为86.43%).

形状和颜色变换下图像的Gaussian-Hermite矩不变量

矩不变量是计算机视觉和模式识别领域常用的图像不变特征.现有的形状和颜色变换下彩色图像的矩不变量均基于几何矩构造,因此抗噪性较差.针对该问题,提出了利用基本微分算子和颜色几何基元生成旋转-仿射变换下彩色图像Gaussian-Hermite正交矩不变量的方法,所构造的不变量均为Gaussian-Hermite矩的齐次多项式;然后生成所有可能的低阶低次不变量,并从中得到13个满足线性独立关系的不变量实例.基于合成图像数据集和HPatches图像数据集进行了数值稳定性验证、图像分类和模板匹配实验,结果表明,13个不变量实例具有良好的数值稳定性和抗噪性;使用它们得到的分类和匹配准确率比同类矩不变量分别高出10%和30%左右.

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的指纹奇异点定位

在指纹分类和识别算法中,提取的奇异点(core点和delta点)数目和奇异点的准确位置是非常重要的.介绍了一种基于Gaussian-Hermite矩分布属性的自适应指纹奇异点定位方法,为了准确地确定奇异点,用到了指纹图像在多种尺度下的不同阶Gaussian-Hermite矩分布,并用一种基于主分量分析(principalcomponentanalysis,简称PCA)的方法分析指纹图像的Gaussian-Hermite矩分布.实验结果表明,该算法能够准确地确定奇异点位置.

正交Gaussian-Hermite矩的应用

分析了正交Gaussian Hermite矩的一些性质 ,指出它在运动检测中的应用 ,并提出运动检测中正交Gaussian Hermite矩的最佳参数的估计方法 .最后我们给出了对比实验结果 .实验表明我们的方法是有效的 .

Moment magnitudes of two large Turkish earthquakes on February 6,2023 from long-period coda

Two large earthquakes(an earthquake doublet)occurred in south-central Turkey on February 6,2023,causing massive damages and casualties.The magnitudes and the relative sizes of the two mainshocks are essential information for scientific research and public awareness.There are obvious discrepancies among the results that have been reported so far,which may be revised and updated later.Here we applied a novel and reliable long-period coda moment magnitude method to the two large earthquakes.The moment magnitudes(with one standard error)are 7.95±0.013 and 7.86±0.012,respectively,which are larger than all the previous reports.The first mainshock,which matches the largest recorded earthquakes in the Turkish history,is slightly larger than the second one by 0.11±0.035 in magnitude or by 0.04 to 0.18 at 95%confidence level.

Analysis of rockburst mechanism and warning based on microseismic moment tensors and dynamic Bayesian networks

One of the major factors inhibiting the construction of deep underground projects is the risk posed by rockbursts.A study was conducted on the access tunnel of the Shuangjiangkou hydropower station to determine the evolutionary mechanism of microfractures within the surrounding rock mass during rockburst development and develop a rockburst warning model.The study area was chosen through the combination of field studies with an analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of microseismic(MS)events.The moment tensor inversion method was adopted to study rockburst mechanism,and a dynamic Bayesian network(DBN)was applied to investigating the sensitivity of MS source parameters for rockburst warnings.A MS multivariable rockburst warning model was proposed and validated using two case studies.The results indicate that fractures in the surrounding rock mass during the development of strain-structure rockbursts initially show shear failure and are then followed by tensile failure.The effectiveness of the DBN-based rockburst warning model was demonstrated using self-validation and K-fold cross-validation.Moment magnitude and source radius are the most sensitive factors based on an investigation of the influence on the parent and child nodes in the model,which can serve as important standards for rockburst warnings.The proposed rockburst warning model was found to be effective when applied to two actual projects.

GPU-acceleration 3D rotated-staggered-grid solutions to microseismic anisotropic wave equation with moment tensor implementation

To improve the accuracy of microseismic inversion,seismic anisotropy and moment tensor source should be carefully considered in the forward modelling stage.In this study,3D microseismic anisotropy wave forward modelling with a moment tensor source was proposed.The modelling was carried out based on a rotated-staggered-grid(RSG)scheme.In contrast to staggered-grids,the RSG scheme defines the velocity components and densities at the same grid,as do the stress components and elastic parameters.Therefore,the elastic moduli do not need to be interpolated.In addition,the detailed formulation and implementation of moment-tensor source loaded on the RSG was presented by equating the source to the stress increments.Meanwhile,the RSG-based 3D wave equation forward modelling was performed in parallel using compute unified device architecture(CUDA)programming on a graphics processing unit(GPU)to improve its efficiency.Numerical simulations including homogeneous and anisotropic models were carried out using the method proposed in this paper,and compared with other methods to prove the reliability of this method.Furthermore,the high efficiency of the proposed approach was evaluated.The results show that the computational efficiency of proposed method can be improved by about two orders of magnitude compared with traditional central processing unit(CPU)computing methods.It could not only help the analysis of microseismic full wavefield records,but also provide support for passive source inversion,including location and focal mechanism inversion,and velocities inversion.

Determining the moment of inertia of triaxial Mars with updated global gravity models

The principal moments of inertia(PMIs)with the principal axes are usually taken as the dynamic figure parameters of Mars;they can be deduced from satellite-observed degree-two gravitational potentials in recent global gravity models and from the dynamic ellipticities resulting from precession observations.These PMIs are natural and significant for the geodetic,geophysical,and geodynamic problems of Mars,which are functions of internal density distributions.In this study,a closed and concise formula for determining the PMIs of the entire planet and its core was developed based on the second invariants of gravity and a multipole expansion.We deduced the polar oblateness J^(2)and the equatorial ellipticity J_(22)of Mars to be 1.9566×10^(−3)and 6.3106×10^(−5),respectively.The preferred principal moments of inertia of Mars are A=2.66589×1036 kg·m^(2),B=2.66775×10^(36)kg·m^(2),and C=2.68125×10^(36)kg·m^(2).These values indicate that Mar is slightly triaxial.The equatorial principal moment of inertia of the Martian core is 1.46008×10^(35)kg·m^(2),accounting for~5.47%of the planet’s PMI;this result is critical for investigating the density and size of the core of Mars,and the planet’s free core nutation.

Band engineering of valleytronics WSe_(2)–MoS_(2)heterostructures via stacking form,magnetic moment and thickness

Spin-valley polarization and bandgap regulation are critical in the developing of quantum devices.Here,by employing the density functional theory,we investigate the effects of stacking form,thickness and magnetic moment in the electronic structures of WSe_(2)–MoS_(2)heterostructures.Calculations show that spin-valley polarization maintains in all situations.Increasing thickness of 2H-MoS_(2)not only tunes the bandgap but also changes the degeneracy of the conduction band minimums(CBM)at K/K_(1) points.Gradual increase of micro magnetic moment tunes the bandgap and raises the valence band maximums(VBM)atΓpoint.In addition,the regulation of band gap by the thickness of 2H-MoS_(2)and introduced magnetic moment depends on the stacking type.Results suggest that WSe_(2)–MoS_(2)heterostructure supports an ideal platform for valleytronics applications.Our methods also give new ways of optical absorption regulation in spin-valley devices.