Biological Characteristics and Rumen Microorganisms of Gayal(Bos frontalis)in Yunnan Province

[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.

云南大额牛的生物学特征及其瘤胃微生物特点综述

[目的]为大额牛的进一步研究及开发提供参考。[方法]根据国内外研究现状,综述了云南大额牛的生物学特征及其瘤胃微生物特点。[结果]云南大额牛具有较为典型的肉用牛体型和较好的产肉性能,且其肌纤维直径明显小于其他牛,牛肉的系水率、嫩度和多汁性明显高于其他牛;染色体的数目、形态、结构均不同于黄牛和野牛,三者染色体数目(2n)分别为58、60和56条,且可与黄牛杂交;独特的食性体现在以竹子为主食,且对各种粗饲料的体外干物质消化率都显著高于云南黄牛;瘤胃中总可见细菌和纤维分解菌分别为4.51×109和1.63×109个/ml,显著高于云南黄牛,其瘤胃优势细菌主要为纤维分解菌。[结论]云南大额牛不仅具有极高的学术研究价值,而且有极大的开发利用价值。

云南大额牛瘤胃微生物多样性分析

为研究云南大额牛瘤胃微生物多样性,本研究通过对大额牛瘤胃微生物宏基因组测序(总数据产出>3Gb)、分析、组装,共获得13 546 196个环境基因标签(EGTs)。在微生物分析时随机选用了10 387 566个EGTs(占总EGTs的76.68%)与NCBI的NR数据库进行BLAST比对,进行物种注释。结果显示,在分析的EGTs中,主要由细菌域、真核生物域、古生菌域及部分不能确定域归属的未知微生物构成,其中微生物主要属于10个门,94%的EGTs属于拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形杆菌门和放线菌门,拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门丰度最高,分别占总细菌的48%和42%。大额牛瘤胃中主要的纤维降解细菌为黄化瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌,分别占总细菌的1.60%、1.20%、0.86%和0.52%。本研究结果表明EGTs技术可用于分析环境微生物群落结构和解释微生物群落功能,对研究特殊环境中的微生物的构成具有重要意义。