Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premis...Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premise of analyzing aesthetic basis of expressway,starting from behavioral basis of dynamic vision,visual behavior characteristics of drivers at high speed are studied.On this basis,landscape experience tempo and rhythm determined by gaze locus under different linear characteristics are explored,and the impact of spatial alignment on gaze behavior and landscape experience is further analyzed.展开更多
The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise ...The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.展开更多
Mental rotation(MR)is an important aspect of cognitive processing in gaming since transformation andmanipulation of visuospatial information are necessary in order to execute a gaming task.This study provides insights...Mental rotation(MR)is an important aspect of cognitive processing in gaming since transformation andmanipulation of visuospatial information are necessary in order to execute a gaming task.This study provides insights on saccadic characteristics in gaming task performance that involves 2D and 3D isomorphic objects with varying angular disparity.Healthy participants(N=60)performedMR gaming task.Each participantwas tested individually in an acoustic treated lab environment.Gaze behavior data of all participants were recorded during task execution and analyzed to find the changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of saccades associated with the variation in angular disparity and dimensionality.There were four groups with unique combination of angular disparity and dimensionality,each with fifteen participants randomly assigned.Results indicate that the spatial characteristics of the object affect the temporal aspect of saccade(duration),whereas the spatial aspect of the saccade(amplitude)is influenced by the objects’dimension.A longer saccade duration indicates a prolonged suppression of spatial information processing during the MR tasks with objects at convex range angular disparities.Therefore,the MR tasks with convex angular disparity become more complex to process compared to the tasks with reflex angular disparity.MR process is faster and more accurate with 3D objects compared to the 2D objects.There is an interaction between angular disparity and dimensionality in terms of mental demand,such that theMR processing with 2Dobjects in reflex angular disparitywasmoremental demanding than that of convex angular disparity;however,this trend was absent in case of 3Dobjects.Hence,during the MR task,the longer saccade duration implies that the taskswith convex angular disparities become comparativelymore challenging.Also,the lower saccadic amplitude for 2D objects indicates difficulties in processing due to deficient visual features.The findings could help in framing the computer-based game(or videogame)concerningMRabilities for training or rehabilitation purposes.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Jiangxi Social Science Planning Project(15YS39)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51608237)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(20161BAB216120)。
文摘Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premise of analyzing aesthetic basis of expressway,starting from behavioral basis of dynamic vision,visual behavior characteristics of drivers at high speed are studied.On this basis,landscape experience tempo and rhythm determined by gaze locus under different linear characteristics are explored,and the impact of spatial alignment on gaze behavior and landscape experience is further analyzed.
文摘The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.
基金Akanksha Tiwari was supported by DST-INSPIRE fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India.
文摘Mental rotation(MR)is an important aspect of cognitive processing in gaming since transformation andmanipulation of visuospatial information are necessary in order to execute a gaming task.This study provides insights on saccadic characteristics in gaming task performance that involves 2D and 3D isomorphic objects with varying angular disparity.Healthy participants(N=60)performedMR gaming task.Each participantwas tested individually in an acoustic treated lab environment.Gaze behavior data of all participants were recorded during task execution and analyzed to find the changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of saccades associated with the variation in angular disparity and dimensionality.There were four groups with unique combination of angular disparity and dimensionality,each with fifteen participants randomly assigned.Results indicate that the spatial characteristics of the object affect the temporal aspect of saccade(duration),whereas the spatial aspect of the saccade(amplitude)is influenced by the objects’dimension.A longer saccade duration indicates a prolonged suppression of spatial information processing during the MR tasks with objects at convex range angular disparities.Therefore,the MR tasks with convex angular disparity become more complex to process compared to the tasks with reflex angular disparity.MR process is faster and more accurate with 3D objects compared to the 2D objects.There is an interaction between angular disparity and dimensionality in terms of mental demand,such that theMR processing with 2Dobjects in reflex angular disparitywasmoremental demanding than that of convex angular disparity;however,this trend was absent in case of 3Dobjects.Hence,during the MR task,the longer saccade duration implies that the taskswith convex angular disparities become comparativelymore challenging.Also,the lower saccadic amplitude for 2D objects indicates difficulties in processing due to deficient visual features.The findings could help in framing the computer-based game(or videogame)concerningMRabilities for training or rehabilitation purposes.
