The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation ...The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.展开更多
The presence of both weathered rocks and fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers makes Hydrogeology in Gbêkê region of C?te d’Ivoire. Access to water in this region is not easy. This study focuses on the inf...The presence of both weathered rocks and fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers makes Hydrogeology in Gbêkê region of C?te d’Ivoire. Access to water in this region is not easy. This study focuses on the influence of borehole depth, weathering thickness and electrical resistivity of the geological structures on borehole productivity that exploit the crystalline aquifer system. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationships between these factors and specific capacity for measuring borehole productivity. The values ranged from 0.0088 to 2.20 m3?h?1?m?1. The analysis shows that there is no correlation between productivity and weathering thickness. However, weathering depths between 15 and 35 m provide the highest specific capacity values (Qs ≥ 1 m3?h?1?m?1). For hydrogeological discontinuities interest, boreholes located in KH, QH and H anomaly curve types were the most productive. As productivity diminishes with depth, a deeper borehole can be more productive if it reaches a geological structure that is favorable for groundwater flow. Those hydrogeological parameters are extremely important in borehole productivity in Gbêkê region.展开更多
Two aspects of a new method,which can be used for seismic zoning,are introduced in this paper.On the one hand,the approach to estimate b value and annual activity rate proposed by Kijko and Sellevoll needs to use the ...Two aspects of a new method,which can be used for seismic zoning,are introduced in this paper.On the one hand,the approach to estimate b value and annual activity rate proposed by Kijko and Sellevoll needs to use the earthquake catalogue.The existing earthquake catalogue contains both historical and recent instrumental data sets and it is inadequate to use only one part.Combining the large number of historical events with recent complete records and taking the magnitude uncertainty into account,Kijko’s method gives the maximum likelihood estimation of b value and annual activity rate,which might be more realistic.On the other hand,this method considers the source zone boundary uncertainty in seismic hazard analysis,which means the earthquake activity rate across a boundary of a source zone changes smoothly instead of abruptly and avoids too large a gradient in the calculated results.展开更多
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1805232,31770156,and 32172365)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690637)。
文摘The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.
文摘The presence of both weathered rocks and fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers makes Hydrogeology in Gbêkê region of C?te d’Ivoire. Access to water in this region is not easy. This study focuses on the influence of borehole depth, weathering thickness and electrical resistivity of the geological structures on borehole productivity that exploit the crystalline aquifer system. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationships between these factors and specific capacity for measuring borehole productivity. The values ranged from 0.0088 to 2.20 m3?h?1?m?1. The analysis shows that there is no correlation between productivity and weathering thickness. However, weathering depths between 15 and 35 m provide the highest specific capacity values (Qs ≥ 1 m3?h?1?m?1). For hydrogeological discontinuities interest, boreholes located in KH, QH and H anomaly curve types were the most productive. As productivity diminishes with depth, a deeper borehole can be more productive if it reaches a geological structure that is favorable for groundwater flow. Those hydrogeological parameters are extremely important in borehole productivity in Gbêkê region.
基金This project was sponsored by the State Seismological Bureau (85070102), China
文摘Two aspects of a new method,which can be used for seismic zoning,are introduced in this paper.On the one hand,the approach to estimate b value and annual activity rate proposed by Kijko and Sellevoll needs to use the earthquake catalogue.The existing earthquake catalogue contains both historical and recent instrumental data sets and it is inadequate to use only one part.Combining the large number of historical events with recent complete records and taking the magnitude uncertainty into account,Kijko’s method gives the maximum likelihood estimation of b value and annual activity rate,which might be more realistic.On the other hand,this method considers the source zone boundary uncertainty in seismic hazard analysis,which means the earthquake activity rate across a boundary of a source zone changes smoothly instead of abruptly and avoids too large a gradient in the calculated results.
