Organic Compounds Possessing the Plastic Crystalline Phase: Calculation of Their Fusion Enthalpies

For the first time, for different organic and inorganic compounds possessing the plastic crystalline phase, a new semiempirical equation describing dependence of their fusion enthalpies on such physico-chemical quantities as normal melting temperature, surface tension, molar volume and critical molar volume is received on the base of the principle of corresponding states and the energy equipartition theorem. Moreover, the proposed equation allows one to take into account the particularities of one-particle molecular rotation in the plastic crystalline phase.

Study on the Built-up Effect of Inorganic Compounds to Flame Retardant Containing Organophosphorus in Suppression of Smoke

The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smoke was studied. The data presented herein suggested that the amount of smoke in the burning process can be better suppressed after the cotton fabric finishing with built-up system was burnt. Some general principles were identified, and the likely causes of the observed effects were analyzed according to test data.

The Production of Organic-Inorganic Compound Film-Coated Urea and the Characteristics of Its Nutrient Release

The effect of different concentrations of natural macromolecular compound on the characteristics of nutrient release in the membrane materials of organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea was discussed, and the optimal concentrations for better nutrient release was proposed. The characteristics of nutrient release of film-coated urea were evaluated by soil column leaching experiment. Organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea showed good characteristics of nutrient release, which could be well simulated by Logistic curve. The two parameters in this curve, a and r, can be used to present nutrient release of film-coated urea, and followed the order of B 〉 C 〉 A and C 〈 B 〈 A, respectively, indicating that the release was stronger with the increasing concentration of natural macromolecular compound in the membrane, which implied better controllability of nutrient release. The concentration of 5% of natural macromolecular compound showed better characteristic of nutrient release and can be utilized as a membrane material combined with inorganic mineral powders to develop film-coated slow-release fertilizer.

A classification scheme for inorganic cluster compounds based on their electronic structures and bonding characteristics

A novel classification scheme for inorganic cluster compounds is presented based on the characteristics of their electronic structures.In the classification scheme,five distinct categories have been introduced,including Jellium clusters,Wadian clusters,electron-precise clusters,π-donor ligated metal-metal bonded clusters,and antiferro-magnetically coupled high-spin metal clusters.

INHIBITIVE ACTION OF INORGANIC COMPOUND ON CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID

The inhibitive action of CaSO_4 towards corrosion of aluminium in 1 mol/L HCl has been inveetigated by using fluorometrio and weight loss techniques.The results show that the inhibitor exhibits an outstanding function of inhibition,especially at higher tempe- ratures,and it was found to be predomiantly of cathodic rate control.Ths mechanism of inhibition and the effect of CdSO_4 on the corrosion kinetics are also discussed.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION GRAFT COPOLYMER OF INORGANIC COMPOUND ONTO ALKENE

In this paper, the radiation graft copolymer of MgO, SiO2 and-Y- molecularsieve onto organic compounds, such as methacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile obtained by per-rndiation method were characterized by X- ray diffraction, pyrolysis gas chromatography, GPC and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Organic Inorganic Hybrid Compound [Co(dien)_2](dienH_3)(H_3O)_7[P_2Mo_5O_(23)]_2·14H_2O

A new compound,[Co（dien）2]（dienH3）（H3O）7[P2Mo5O23]2·14H2O, has been hydrothermallly synthesized by using Na2MoO4,CoCl2, H3PO4 and dien, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, SEM, IR and TG analysis. The results show that the compound is composed of a polyanion [P2Mo5O23]2^12, complex [Co（dien）2]^2＋ cation, protonated [dienH3]^3＋ , and forteen crystallization water molecule.

Synthesis and Characterizaion of a New Inorganic-organic Sulfate Compound——Crystal Structure of [Ni(H_2O)_6][H_2N(C_2H_4)_2NH_2](SO_4)_2

Ni(H_2O)_6][H_2N(C_2H_4)_2NH_2](SO_4)_2 is an inorganic-organic compound with a new open framework synthesized by hydrothermal method, and characterized by means of single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic data. The compound crystallized in a monoclinic space group P2_1/n with a=1.29089(2) nm, b=1.06301(3) nm, c=1.33202(4) nm, β=114.0870(10)°, V=1.67127(8) nm 3, Z=4, and was solved by using the direct method and the least-squares refinement converged at R=0.0214[I>2σ(I)]. The structure consists of isolated Ni(H_2O)_6 octahedra and SO_4 tetrahedra, with both of them hydrogen-bonded to piperazine cations.

Humidity-resistant inorganic binder for sand core making in foundry practice

The performance of sand core was improved by using the modified water glass as a binder and adding powder additives in the sand hardening process. The optimal proportion of the compound additives was determined by an orthogonal test, with a ratio of microsilica: polyvinyl alcohol solution: borax: B agent = 25: 20: 2: 1. The binder accounted for 2% of the sand by weight, and the compound additives accounted for 0.96%. The core box was heated to 175 °C, and the compressed hot air of 120 °C kept blowing for 40 s. Tensile strength was used as the main indicator to evaluate the humidity-resistance of the sand core. For the sand core, the instant tensile strength reached 0.73 MPa, the tensile strength at room temperature was 1.81 MPa, and that of sand core holding at the condition of 35 °C and 90% RH for 2 h and for 4 h reached 1.61 MPa and 1.19 MPa, respectively. The gas evolution was 7.5 mL·g-1 at 850 °C for 3 min. The residual tensile strength was 0 MPa at 750 °C for 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the humidity-resistance of the core was greatly improved by the powder additives.

Magnetocaloric Properties of (Gd_(1-x)Tb_x)_3Al_2 Compounds Near Room Temperature

Magnetic and thermal properties of the (Gd 1- x Tb x ) 3Al 2 compounds were studied as potential magnetic refrigerant materials which are used in magnetic refrigeration near room temperature at low magnetic field. The compounds (Gd 1- x Tb x ) 3Al 2 with x =0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0 3 exhibit a second order magnetic transition. Curie temperature varies from 255 K for x =0.3 to 280 K for x =0. The maximum of the isothermal magnetic entropy change Δ S increases by substituting Tb element for Gd element. Δ S max =18.9 kJ·m -3 ·K -1 for x =0.1 by changing the magnetic field from 0 to 1 T.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Inorganic Materials Changes with Time in the Stages of the Wastewater Treatment Plant

Due to the importance of the inorganic materials removal from wastewater, experimental and analytical study to the concentration change with time of these materials became essential. In this work, experimental analyses were performed to investigate the concentration changes of inorganic compounds during stages of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants at different sites in Jordan. The aim of this research is to examine the performance of the plants in treating pollutants and inorganic materials, and verify the quantitative and qualitative changes with time. Samples from the treatment stages were monthly taken and analyzed in the laboratory along a period of one year. The concentration changes of the inorganic solids in wastewater passing through treatment stages and aeration tank were recorded. Results show that the conventional treatment of the wastewater within different conditions in the year is not effective to decrease the concentrations of the inorganic compounds. Based on these results, we recommend adding tertiary advanced treatment unit in order to get acceptable water quality allowable to be reused for different purposes.

有机无机复混肥料对水稻产量及养分吸收利用的影响

为了提高水稻肥料利用率,减少化肥施用量,研究有机无机复混肥的施用效果,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(普通复合肥,氮肥分次施用)(FFP)、等养分有机无机复混肥(一次性施肥)(T1)、等养分有机无机复混肥(氮肥分次施用)(T2)、90%养分有机无机复混肥(氮肥分次施用)(T3)、80%养分有机无机复混肥(氮肥分次施用)(T4)共6个处理,研究有机、无机肥配施对水稻产量及氮磷吸收利用的影响。各处理花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献率(62.7%~68.5%)均高于干物质转运量对籽粒贡献率(31.5%~37.3%);各处理的实际产量表现为T2>T1>FFP>T3>T4>CK,与FFP处理相比,T2和T1处理增产6.6%和2.2%,T3和FFP处理产量无显著差异;成熟期各处理水稻植株地上部氮素和磷素吸收积累量在籽粒部分占比达到65%和70%以上,与FFP处理相比,T1处理氮磷肥吸收利用率、氮磷肥农学利用率和氮磷肥偏生产力分别增加了8.9%和12.9%、0.9%和3.2%、0.9和3.2 kg·kg^(-1),T2处理氮磷肥吸收利用率、氮磷肥农学利用率和氮磷肥偏生产力分别增加了1.6%和1.6%、2.6%和9.6%、2.6和9.6 kg·kg^(-1),T3和T4处理与FFP处理差异不显著。有机、无机肥配施能提高氮磷养分吸收利用率,在氮磷钾总养分相同的情况下,一次性施用有机无机复混肥更有利于提高水稻氮磷吸收,在氮肥分次施用情况下,有机无机复混肥增产效果更明显,适当减肥不会降低水稻产量,还可以减少稻田养分残留。

有机无机混合肥料离散元参数标定方法研究

[目的]在有机无机混合肥料仿真试验中,传统参数标定方法待标定参数多,标定过程复杂。本文根据有机肥对无机肥颗粒黏附特性,提出一种新的离散元仿真接触参数标定方法。[方法]利用自由落体碰撞试验、静摩擦试验、滚动摩擦试验对复合小球和钢的接触参数进行校准;设计Plackett-Burmen Design试验、爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验,得到混合肥料接触模型最优参数,通过堆积角对比试验、有机肥和无机肥混合比例预测试验、撒肥盘颗粒分布对比试验验证最优参数。[结果]复合小球与钢的最优碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数分别为0.323、0.776、0.255;有机肥肥料之间最优碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数分别为0.40、0.70、0.14;有机肥与钢板之间的最优碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数分别为0.44、0.70、0.15;Hertz-Mindlin with JKR模型参数为0.017。最优参数进行对比验证堆积角的相对误差为1.05%,最优参数能预测不同混合比例肥料的堆积角,撒肥盘抛撒试验列分布最大相对误差为35.95%,平均误差15.86%。[结论]试验结果验证了标定方法正确性,同时为后续有机肥-无机肥-机械互作系统研究提供依据。

复配絮凝剂对污水中高浓度细砂的去除效果分析

研究了不同复配种类、不同复配比例对高含砂浓度废水中上清液浊度、含砂量以及粒径的去除效果,并将其用于污水厂实际污水中,观察悬浮固体浓度、上清液浊度、含砂量以及粒径、COD、TN、TP、pH的变化。结果表明,使用复配絮凝剂进行优化后,除砂效果较单一絮凝剂作用时均有所提升。在15 mg/L阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)与15 mg/L壳聚糖(CTS)协同作用下,SS平均去除率达到55.8%,水中含砂量平均去除率72.7%,TN平均去除率41.1%,TP平均去除率70.5%,COD平均去除率49.7%,含砂量与总悬浮固体比值下降15.5%。

酒糟有机无机复混肥对喀斯特山区朝天椒生物效应和土壤肥力的影响

为探究酒糟有机无机复混肥对贵州喀斯特山区朝天椒的应用效果,采用两年田间试验,研究了常规化学肥料(CF,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O为15-15-15)、有机无机复混肥1(OIF1,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O为12-5-10,有机质≥30%)、有机无机复混肥2(OIF2,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O为8-3-6,有机质≥40%)对贵州朝天椒产量、品质、养分积累量、肥料利用率及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与CF处理相比,施用OIF1和OIF2两款有机无机复混肥使朝天椒鲜椒产量和干椒产量分别提高5.86%~21.93%和3.34%~16.36%。同时,2023年OIF1和OIF2处理的还原糖含量较CF处理相比分别增加了41.05%和31.88%,而且2023年OIF1和OIF2处理的硝酸盐含量也显著降低了26.41%和32.24%,差异均显著。此外,有机无机复混肥OIF1和OIF2的施用在促进辣椒养分积累、提高肥料利用效率和改善土壤肥力水平方面也起到了积极影响。综合来看,施用酒糟有机无机复混肥对朝天椒生产能力和肥料效应具有积极作用,可作为贵州喀斯特山区朝天椒提质增产的一种有效技术途径。

腐植酸复合肥对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响

为了解不含腐植酸尿素和添加了不同剂量腐植酸的复合肥对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响,研究设定不同的肥料梯度和肥料配比,以探明腐植酸肥料的增产效果和养分利用率.以玉米为试验材料,设无氮处理、复合肥处理、1‰腐植酸+复合肥处理、2‰腐植酸+复合肥处理、3‰腐植酸+复合肥处理、4‰腐植酸+复合肥处理、5‰腐植酸+复合肥处理、6‰腐植酸+复合肥处理共8个施肥处理.试验结果表明,4‰腐植酸复合肥较无氮处理增产率达90%,百粒质量最高,含淀粉量达59.30%,在处理中最具有优势.从综合情况来看,在夏玉米栽培中,加入4‰腐植酸复合肥更有利于玉米增产增效以及贮藏,能获得更大的生物产量和经济效益.

辣椒专用有机无机复混肥应用效果

采用田间小区试验进行肥效对比,探究辣椒专用有机无机复混肥对辣椒产量、品质和抗病性的影响。结果发现:施用辣椒专用有机无机复混肥(T1)能有效提高辣椒产量,折合产量达33995 kg/hm^(2),比常规施肥(T2)和不施肥(CK)分别增产率为26.35%、41.41%;T1处理盛果期的植株生长趋势稳定,株高较T2和CK分别显著增长4.51%、12.86%,主茎直径分别增加10.64%、25.16%,开展度分别增长5.42%、16.40%;T1处理的辣椒果实在果长、果径、单果质量和单株挂果数中为最佳,且能有效提高果实感观品质;同时能有效降低辣椒病虫害发生率,病株率比T2和CK分别降低16.48%、47.19%,虫害率降低12.53%、34.19%。研究表明,施用辣椒专用有机无机复混肥能有效增产增收。

不同种类锌肥在农业生产上的应用效果评价

锌是作物不可或缺的微量营养元素之一,严重缺锌会影响作物的生长,进而导致人体锌营养摄入不足,危害人体健康。施用锌肥是改善土壤缺锌和补充作物锌营养的有效方式,对作物产量和品质的提升也有显著效果。概述了单质锌肥(无机锌肥、螯合锌肥、络合锌肥、纳米锌肥)和含锌复合肥等在农业生产中的应用效果,对影响锌肥大规模应用的原因进行了探讨。指出了锌肥在实际应用中存在的养分退化、利用率低、作用机制不明确等问题,并对锌肥未来的发展进行了展望。

烤烟专用有机-无机复混肥对烟草生长的影响

【目的】为探究烤烟专用有机-无机复混肥对烤烟K326生长的影响。【方法】在广西百色植烟区采用田间试验方法,以K326为试验材料,设置3个不同施肥量处理,以当地常规施肥处理为对照。在追肥时间和次数一致的情况下,研究常规施肥和烤烟专用有机-无机复混肥对K326产量和质量的影响。【结果】以施用1800 kg/m2烤烟专用有机-无机复混肥处理效果最佳,其株高、茎围和上部叶叶长和叶宽分别较CK组增加了4.22%、3.00%、4.85%和2.25%,促生效果显著;烟株抵御病害能力增强,常见病害发生率降低29.26%~52.53%,产量和产值分别较常规对照增加8.96%和13.41%,经济效益显著;同时烟叶化学成分协调性和物理特性均在适宜范围内,且香气质较好,杂气和刺激性明显减少,余味舒适,浓度适中。【结论】施用1800 kg/m2烤烟专用有机-无机复混肥,能有效改善K326烟株农艺性状,降低病害发生率,增加经济效益,同时烟叶化学成分协调性、物理特性和感官质量均有所提升,可在广西K326种植区推广使用。