Application of Isogeometric Analysis Method in Three-Dimensional Gear Contact Analysis

Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.

Die design for cold precision forging of bevel gear based on finite element method

The finite element analysis （FEA） software Ansys was employed to study the stress state of the dies of both plane and non-plane parting face structures with uniform interference and the die of plane parting face structure with non-uniform interference. Considering the symmetry of the die, a half gear tooth model of the two-ring assembled die with 2.5 GPa inner pressure was constructed. Four paths were defined to investigate the stress state at the bottom comer of the die where stress concentration was serious. FEA results show that the change of parting face from non-plane to plane can greatly reduce the stress at the teeth tips of the die so that the tip fracture is avoided. The interference structure of the die is the most important influencing factor for the stress concentration at the bottom comer. When non-uniform interference is adopted the first principal stress at the comer on the defined paths of the die is much lower than that with uniform interference. The bottom hole radius is another important influencing factor for the comer stress concentration. The first principal stress at the comer of the plane parting face die with non-uniform interference is reduced from 2.3 to 1.9 GPa when the hole radius increases from 12.5 to 16.0 mm. The optimization of the die structure increases the life of the die from 100 to 6 000 hits.

Arc-length technique for nonlinear finite element analysis

Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance of Modulated Coaxial Magnetic Gears Used in Semi-Direct Drive Wind Turbines

Wind turbine is a key device to realize the utilization of wind energy,and it has been highly valued by all countries.But the mechanical gear transmission of the existing wind power device has the disadvantages of high vibration and noise,high failure rate,and short service time.Magneticfield modulation electromagnetic gear transmission is a new non-contact transmission method.However,the conventional modulation magnetic gear has low torque density and torque defects with largefluctuations.In order to overcome the gear transmis-sion problems of the existing semi-direct drive wind power generation machinery and improve the electromag-netic performance of the traditional magnetic gear transmission,this paper proposes a new transmission scheme of a non-contact semi-direct drive wind generator with a surface mount Halbach array modulated mag-netic gear method,and considers the electromagnetic properties of the semi-direct drive modulation magnetic gear of the wind turbine.Thefinite element software is used to construct the model of the surface-mounted Halbach array magnetic gear and the conventional gear,analyzed the distribution of magneticfield lines of the two magnetic gears,calculated the air gap magneticflux density of the inner and outer air gap,and obtained the main harmonics of the inner and outer air gap magnetic density;calculated the static torque and steady-state operating torque of the inner and outer rotors in the model,compared the air gapflux density,harmonics and torque of the magnetic gears.The simulation results show that the magneticfield modulation type mag-netic gear of the surface mount Halbach array magnetic gear method improves the magnetic induction wave-form of the inner and outer air gap,reduces the pulse torquefluctuation,and has a 60%higher static torque.Applying it to semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment not only overcomes the shortcomings of mechanical gears,but also has higher electromagnetic performance.Therefore,the surface-mounted Halbach array modulated magnetic gear can be used to replace the mechanical gearbox in the semi-direct drive wind power generation equipment.

Reliability Analysis for a Gear-Rack Based on Combination of Simulation and Experiment

In order to analyze the gear-rack reliability under the most serious limit loads which was the new-type transmission mechanism of aircraft slats,the gear-rack static strength under the single tooth meshing was analyzed based on the simulation and experiment. Then,it randomized the load of gear-rack based on the precise finite element analysis( FEA) model,and analyzed the static strength reliability of the gear-rack. Finally,the gear-rack under the most dangerous situation has not been destroyed and it also has a high reliability.

M-P INVERSE TOPOLOGICAL VARIATION METHODOF FINITE ELEMENT STRUCTURES

Using Moore-Penrose inverse theory, a set of formulations for calculating the static responses of a changed finite element structure are given in this paper. Using these formulations by structural analysis may eliminate the need of assembling the stiffness matrix and solving a set of simultaneous equations.

Precise Design and Stress Analysis of Straight Conical Gear

Variable section sweeping with sphere involutes is used to generate the precise model of tooth profile. The contact and bending stress of a straight conical gear set with static bearing contact during a meshing cycle is studied using finite element method. Numerical results and comments are presented, revealing that the edge contact causes stress concentration and the gear tooth profile needs further modification.

基于压力角的摆线针轮齿廓曲线优化方法

根据摆线针轮传动理论,提出一种基于压力角的齿廓优化方法。将摆线针轮齿廓分为工作段与非工作段,区分影响工作段压力角的因素为修形参数与设计参数,讨论两类参数对压力角的影响,以此两类参数为设计变量,以工作段平均压力角为目标函数,以运动与润滑要求确定边界条件,对RV⁃550E型减速器摆线轮进行优化设计。结果表明,此方法使算例的工作段平均压力角降低了4.14%,使单齿啮合过程的压力角最大值降低了1.35%,优化前后接触齿对最大Mises应力下降了20.77%,发生位置由摆线轮转移至针轮,模型质量减小了9.38%,在确保无根切现象的同时能获得良好的组合修形效果。

基于Solidworks的重载机器人肩部的建模与静态分析

为了提高机器人的肩部有效控制能力,设计了一个165 kg重载6自由度机器人肩关节.通过设计一个谐波减速器和一对直齿齿轮以降低转速和提升转矩,利用齿轮与轴的配合完成肩关节在平面内的旋转.选择110AEA12020-SH3交流伺服电机、SHG-45-100谐波减速器以及6011和6016深沟球轴承进行肩部旋转关节旋转方案的设计,并利用有限元法对传动系统主要部件的静力学强度进行分析.结果表明,该肩部旋转关节旋转方案设计合理,轴承与齿轮的静力学性能满足实际应用需求.

无磁轭分块电枢盘式电机齿槽转矩优化设计

为了满足定子无磁轭分块电枢(yokeless and segmented armature,YASA)轴向磁通永磁电机作为车用牵引电机时对输出转矩高平稳性的要求,提出一种基于永磁体径向均匀分段、分组同向偏移的方法来抑制YASA电机的齿槽转矩,以降低转矩脉动。应用三维有限元分析,分别研究了3种不同的永磁体分段方案对齿槽转矩的削弱效果,确定了磁极的最优偏转角度及其对电机综合性能的影响。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。YASA电机的齿槽转矩降低了92.62%,额定工况下转矩脉动下降了72.02%,永磁体涡流损耗降低91.28%,同时输出转矩下降不超过5.34%,提高了YASA电机的综合性能。

大型绿色智能型纯电动地坪磨抛车传动系统设计与分析

基于地坪工程装备正向纯电动、绿色化产业升级的时代背景,设计了一种基于面齿轮传动的高效、磨抛面广的新型纯电动地坪磨抛车传动系统。解决传统地坪磨抛机磨抛面积小、工作效率低、能耗高的问题。通过有限元软件仿真模拟验证传动系统设计的可靠性,为后续开展地坪磨抛车电控系统、循环除尘系统及样机制作提供了理论依据。

PET材料改性及加工应用

为了提高聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate,PET)材料的性能,课题组采用熔融共混法向PET中添加接枝弹性体POE-g-GMA,通过考察测试了不同添加量的接枝弹性体对PET材料结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着接枝弹性体POE-g-GMA体积分数的增大使材料的冲击强度先增大后降低、拉伸性能略有下降。有限元分析验证了改性后PET材料的承压性能没有表现出明显的下降。

反向式行星滚柱丝杠副的螺纹牙修形设计

基于反向式行星滚柱丝杠副(Inverted Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism,IPRSM)的螺纹牙载荷分布情况,分析了滚柱修形和丝杠修形对其载荷分布的影响。结果表明,丝杠-滚柱接触侧的载荷不均程度比长螺母-滚柱接触侧严重,对滚柱修形后,最大接触应力以及最大载荷得到了有效降低,螺纹牙上的载荷分布更加均匀;而长螺母-滚柱接触侧对修形量变化较丝杠-滚柱接触侧更加敏感。同样,丝杠修形可有效降低最大载荷。研究对优化IPRSM的载荷分布具有一定的参考意义。

基于有限元柔性体理论的起落架落震仿真分析

以某飞机起落架为研究对象,研究落震动力学问题。根据前起落架的结构特性,利用多体动力学建模技术,建立前起落架多柔性体动力学(MFBD)模型,并进行落震仿真分析及非线性接触研究。采用落震试验数据对模型进行校验,仿真结果与试验数据较为吻合。通过分析缓冲器零件的变形,考虑接触因素的多柔体动力学模型能更真实反应实际情况,以最大降落速度工况进行落震仿真,同时对起落架关键零件进行强度校核,以及缓冲器内部零件进行非线性接触计算,求得不同材质的下凸轮及底托受到的垂向力与摩擦力,获得在物理试验中难以测量的数据,分析结果对起落架设计具有重要意义。

纳米TiO_(2)改性纤维素纸板在油流环境下的带电特性研究

经纳米TiO_(2)改性纤维素纸板可以增强其击穿场强与抗老化性能,是当前电气绝缘领域研究的热点。纸板中添加纳米粒子对于变压器油流带电影响仍不明确;因此,为了揭示纳米粒子对油流带电影响与抑制机理,需测量与分析纳米改性纸板中的油流带电特性。文中以TiO2改性纸板与未改性矿物油为研究对象,通过旋转圆盘系统测量其摩擦产生的静电电流。根据控制变量法研究了温度、纳米粒子质量分数和流速等因素对带电程度的影响,分析了纳米粒子对于油流带电影响机理;采用有限元分析方法分析了变压器油道仿真模型,对比了不同质量分数下的纳米TiO_(2)改性纸板制作的油道模型内部电场分布情况。研究结果表明:与未改性纸板相比,纤维素基体中添加质量分数为1%的纳米TiO_(2)粒子可以抑制油流带电程度,使得油道内部积累电荷后的电场分布畸变程度最小。研究结果可以为抑制变压器中的油流带电提供新方法。

基于共轭修形的大模数摆线齿锥齿轮齿面建模及承载性能分析

针对大模数摆线齿锥齿轮在专用铣齿机上难以加工的问题,提出一种面向加工中心的摆线齿锥齿轮齿面模型构建方法。基于摆线齿锥齿轮加工原理,根据刀具与大轮之间的几何位置关系,建立大轮切齿参数计算方法;根据大轮切齿加工数学模型,推导大轮理论齿面,并通过齿面离散方法获得大轮数值齿面;基于齿轮啮合数学模型推导出与大轮完全共轭的小轮齿面,通过在完全共轭小轮齿面法线方向上构建二阶修形差曲面并进行叠加,获得与大轮齿面呈局部共轭的小轮数值齿面。最后,建立有限元齿面加载接触分析流程,以一对矿用减速器大模数摆线齿锥齿轮副为例,利用ABAQUS软件进行齿轮三维建模和有限元加载接触仿真。结果表明:在实际加载工况下,通过共轭修形构建的小轮齿面与大轮齿面呈局部内对角接触,并且加载接触区受啮合错位影响在大轮齿面内部移动,未脱离齿面产生边缘接触,齿面接触区满足工程需要。仿真结果验证了共轭齿面修形建模方法的可行性。

聚磁式转子轴向磁齿轮复合电机的有限元分析

在系统介绍轴向磁齿轮复合电机基本工作原理的基础上,提出了一种具有聚磁式转子的轴向磁齿轮复合电机。采用有限元分析方法对复合电机的电磁性能进行了三维数值仿真分析,验证了电机结构的合理性,并详细分析了聚磁式转子结构参数对电机输出转矩与轴向磁拉力的影响,得出转子参数对转子两侧圆周和轴向磁拉力的影响相似,为后续的试验研究提供了理论参考。

非圆行星齿轮马达流场仿真分析

为了研究非圆行星齿轮内部流场特性,建立非圆行星齿轮马达的几何模型和有限元模型,并对模型进行仿真参数设置及网格无关性验证。对非圆行星齿轮马达进行流场仿真分析,探究油膜位置流场速度变化规律,研究入口压力为5~20 MPa时Q100型、Q160型、Q250型非圆行星齿轮马达的流量及容积效率随压力的变化规律;此外针对Q250型非圆行星齿轮马达,探究油膜间隙分别为0.02、0.03、0.04 mm时的流量及容积效率随压力的变化规律。最后通过开展样机测试试验,验证仿真模型的准确性。结果表明:在相同的入口压力下,容积越大,容积效率越高;容积效率随着油膜间隙的增大而降低,当油膜间隙为0.02 mm、压力为5 MPa时,马达容积效率可达90.9%;试验和理论得到的容积效率与转矩关系曲线的变化趋势基本一致,最大误差仅为5.76%,验证了仿真模型的准确性。

RV减速器摆线轮齿廓修形对温度的影响

为分析摆线轮啮合过程中的温度特性,研究不同修形方式对摆线轮温度的影响规律,考虑摆线齿轮常用的3种组合修形方式,以相同的径向间隙为前提,对比分析摆线轮修形前后的接触应力与摩擦热量在轮齿上的分布情况。利用有限元分析,计算出修形前后温度场中的温度分布情况。结果表明:对摆线齿轮进行齿廓修形可以有效降低齿轮的稳态温度,组合修形中降温效果最佳的修形方式为正等距+正移距修形;单齿上温度梯度的密集程度随着啮合范围的减小而增大;摆线轮修形前后瞬时摩擦热量的最大值不受影响,峰值所处的位置会发生变化,而周期摩擦热量的峰值位于轮齿的同一啮合相位角上,但数值会随着轮齿受到的压力的增大而增大。

汽车门锁齿板和齿轮的疲劳分析与改进研究

某汽车门锁公司为降低电动门锁成本,对门锁内部齿板更换定位方式,但会造成门锁使用寿命下降,标准QC/T323—2007《汽车门锁和车门保持件》规定门锁寿命应满足10万次。为使门锁寿命满足标准,对门锁进行疲劳试验,发现门锁内薄弱区域为齿板的齿根。采用有限元法,基于材料S-N曲线和Miner线性疲劳损伤积累理论对齿板与齿轮的齿根进行疲劳分析。分析结果与试验结果相接近,误差为8.3%,表明建立的有限元疲劳分析方法合理。基于此方法更换齿板材料,将齿板寿命提升至10万次以上。最后再将安装有新齿板的门锁进行疲劳试验,试验结果表明门锁寿命大于10万次,满足要求。同时,基于此设计方案,每个电动门锁可节约成本255元左右。