Finite element analysis of contact fatigue and bending fatigue of a theoretical assembling straight bevel gear pair

The aim of this work is to propose a 3D FE model of a theoretical assembling straight bevel gear pair to analyze the contact fatigue on the tooth surface and the bending fatigue in the tooth root. Based on the cumulative fatigue criterion and the stress-life equation, the key meshing states of the gear pair were investigated for the contact fatigue and the bending fatigue. Then, the reliability of the proposed model was proved by comparing the calculation result with the simulation result. Further study was performed to analyze the variation of the contact fatigue stress and the bending fatigue stress under different loads. Furthermore, the roles of the driving pinion and the driven gear pair were evaluated in the fatigue life of the straight bevel gear pair and the main fatigue failure mode was determined for the significant gear. The results show that the fatigue failure of the driving pinion is the main fatigue failure for the straight bevel gear pair and the bending fatigue failure is the main fatigue failure for the driving pinion.

Precise Design and Stress Analysis of Straight Conical Gear

Variable section sweeping with sphere involutes is used to generate the precise model of tooth profile. The contact and bending stress of a straight conical gear set with static bearing contact during a meshing cycle is studied using finite element method. Numerical results and comments are presented, revealing that the edge contact causes stress concentration and the gear tooth profile needs further modification.

Investigation of the Effects of Profile Shift in Helical Gear Mechanisms with Analytical and Numerical Methods

In this paper, the effects of profile shift in cylindrical helical gear mechanisms have been investigated with numerical and analytical calculations. The mathematical model for computer simulation of gears has been designed and the numerical calculations have been carried out. Analytical calculations have been made with an excel program which was designed at different profile shift coefficients for a selected mechanism. Analytical calculations of the same mechanism have been verified by using ANSYS 14.5. The results of analytical and numerical solutions have been compared to profile shift coefficients.

Bending stress of rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing

A new structure design method of elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing is proposed, in which PTFE is embedded into a hollow cylindrical rolling element, according to the principle of creative combinations and through innovation research on cylindrical roller bearing structure. In order to systematically investigate the inner wall bending stress of the rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing, finite element analysis on different elastic composite cylindrical rolling elements was conducted. The results show that, the bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling increases along with the increase of hollowness with the same filling material. The bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element decreases along with the increase of the elasticity modulus of the material under the same physical dimension. Under the same load, on hollow cylindrical rolling element, the maximum bending tensile stress values of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element after material filling at 0° and 180° are 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively, lower than those of the deep cavity hollow cylindrical rolling element. In addition, the maximum bending-compressive stress value at 90° is decreased by 6.1%.

A mechanical study of personalised Ti6Al4V tibial fracture fixation plates with grooved surface by finite element analysis

Low shape matching and high stress shielding rates between bone plate and human bone are not conducive to the primary healing of fracture.In this study,taking the fracture site of the lower one‐third of human tibia as an application case,six types of personalised Ti6Al4V tibial plates with grooved surface were designed and evaluated by reverse en-gineering and finite element analysis.The results showed that the grooved design can reduce the stress shielding rate of bone plate and promote the facture healing.Among the six types of bone plates,the‘OUT-MI’bone plate has the lowest stress shielding rate and the most uniform stress distribution.Meanwhile,with the increasing tibial load during the convalescence,the average stress and maximum axial displacement of the tibial fracture surface increased,which can effectively improve the bone regeneration in the tibial fracture area.Moreover,there was no significant difference in four-point bending performance between the‘OUT-MI’bone plate and the‘STR-BE’bone plate,indicating that the mechanical properties of this bone plate were reliable.The results provide a theoretical basis for the design of fracture fixation plates on clinical treatment.

Multi-Scale Analysis of Fretting Fatigue in Heterogeneous Materials Using Computational Homogenization

This paper deals with modeling of the phenomenon of fretting fatigue in heterogeneous materials using the multi-scale computational homogenization technique and finite element analysis(FEA).The heterogeneous material for the specimens consists of a single hole model(25% void/cell,16% void/cell and 10% void/cell)and a four-hole model(25%void/cell).Using a representative volume element(RVE),we try to produce the equivalent homogenized properties and work on a homogeneous specimen for the study of fretting fatigue.Next,the fretting fatigue contact problem is performed for 3 new cases of models that consist of a homogeneous and a heterogeneous part(single hole cell)in the contact area.The aim is to analyze the normal and shear stresses of these models and compare them with the results of the corresponding heterogeneous models based on the Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS)method.Finally,by comparing the computational time and%deviations,we draw conclusions about the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Bending Stresses of Steel Web Tapered Tee Section Cantilevers

Although commonly used, no design method is available for steel web tapered tee section cantilevers. This paper investigates the bending stresses of such beams. Relationships between the maximum compressive stress and the degree of taper were investigated. An analytical model is presented to determine the location of the maximum stress when subjected to a uniformly distributed load or a point load at the free end and was validated using finite element analysis and physical tests. It was found that the maximum stress always occurs at the support when subjected to a uniformly distributed load. When subjected to a point load at the free end and the degree of taper is up to seven, it was found that Miller＇s equation could be used to determine the location of the maximum stress. However, it is shown that when the degree of taper is greater than seven, Miller＇s equation does not accurately predict the location and the analytical model should be used. It was also found that the location of the maximum stress was solely dependent on the degree of taper, while a geometric ratio, fl was required to determine the magnitude of the maximum stress. A simple method that predicts the magnitude of the maximum stress is proposed. The average error in the prediction of the magnitude of the maximum stress is found to be less than 1.0%.

基于LS-DNYA的圆棒数控折弯有限元分析及工艺参数研究

回弹、开裂、起皱等缺陷是折弯成型过程中的重要缺陷,严重影响成型质量和尺寸精度,因此利用ANSYS LS-DNYA模块针对数控折弯圆棒的过程进行非线性有限元分析,实现对圆棒的折弯效果有效模拟和准确预测。针对圆棒折弯速度设置4组分析实验组,并进行弯曲分析,重点研究最大应力的位置和脱约束的指定节点自由回弹量。针对回弹量仿真数据,设置回弹补偿5组实物折弯试验,经过现场折弯试验证明,有限元分析数据准确可靠,研究结果为圆棒数控折弯的工艺优化和折弯质量提升提供了参考。

Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Correlated Welded Web-frame Joints

The objective of this work is to analyze the fatigue reliability of complex welded structures composed of multiple web-frame joints, accounting for correlation effects. A three-dimensional finite element model using the 20-node solid elements is generated. A linear elastic finite element analysis was performed, hotspot stresses in a web-frame joint were analyzed and fatigue damage was quantified employing the S-N approach. The statistical descriptors of the fatigue life of a non-correlated web-frame joint containing several critical hotspots were estimated. The fatigue reliability of a web-frame joint wasmodeled as a series system of correlated components using the Ditlevsen bounds. The fatigue reliability of the entire welded structure with multiple web-frame joints, modeled as a parallel system of non-correlated web-frame joints was also calculated.

Contact Stress Distribution of a Pear Cam Profile with Roller Follower Mechanism

The problem of this paper is the high contact stress at the point of contact between the cam and the follower.A pear cam and roller follower mechanism were studied and analyzed for different position of the follower and different contact compression load.The objective of this paper is to study the effect of contact compression load on the contact stress distribution of the cam profile at the point of contact.Four different positions of the follower with the cam was considered(0°,90°,180°,and 270°).The theory of circular plate was applied to derive the analytic solution of the contact stress.The numerical simulation had been done using ANSYS Ver.19.2 package to determine the contact stress,while SolidWorks software was used to investigate follower displacement,velocity,and acceleration.Four distinct values of the compression contact load,such as 3.121 N,6.242 N,9.364 N,and 12.485 N,were used in the numerical simulation.In the experiment setup,a photo-elastic technique was carried out in the field of polarized light to exhibit the stress distribution on the cam specimen.The annealed PSM-4 backalate material was used in the experiment setup.The experimental value of contact stress was checked and verified analytically and numerically at the point of contact.The innovation in this paper the use of spring-damper system which reduce the value of contact stress at the point of contact.The contact stress was maximum 2.136 MPa when the follower located at 270°with the cam,while the contact stress was minimum 1.802 MPa when the follower located at 180°at compression load 12.485 N.

Fatigue Strength Analysis of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy TIG Welds

The constant amplitude loading fatigue tests were carried out on the 6061/7075 aluminum alloy TIG fillet welded lap specimens in this study,and the weld seam cross-section hardness was measured.The experimental results show that most specimens mainly failed at the 7075 side weld toes even though the base material tensile strength of 7075 is higher than that of 6061.The maximum stress-strain concentration in the two finite element models is located at the 7075 side weld toe,which is basically consistent with the actual fracture location.The weld zone on the 7075 side experiences severe material softening,with a large gradient.However,the Vickers hardness value on the 6061 side negligibly changes and fluctuates around 70 HV.No obvious defects are found on the fatigue fracture,but a large number of secondary cracks appear.Cracks germinate from the weld toe and propagate in the direction of the plate thickness.Weld reinforcement has a serious impact on fatigue life.Fatigue life will decrease exponentially as the weld reinforcement increases under low stress.It is found that the notch stress method can give a better fatigue life prediction for TIG weldments,and the errors of the predicted results are within the range of two factors,while the prediction accuracy decreases under low stress.The equivalent structural stress method can also be used for fatigue life prediction of TIG weldments,but the errors of prediction results are within the range of three factors,and the accuracy decreases under high stress.

The Effect of Surface Pit Treatment on Fretting Fatigue Crack Initiation

This paper analyses the effect of surface treatment on fretting fatigue specimen by numerical simulations using Finite Element Analysis.The processed specimen refers to artificially adding a cylindrical pit to its contact surface.Then,the contact radius between the pad and the specimen is controlled by adjusting the radius of the pit.The stress distribution and slip amplitude of the contact surface under different contact geometries are compared.The critical plane approach is used to predict the crack initiation life and to evaluate the effect of processed specimen on its fretting fatigue performance.Both crack initiation life and angle can be predicted by the critical plane approach.Ruiz parameter is used to consider the effect of contact slip.It is shown that the crack initial position is dependent on the tensile stress.For same type of model,three kinds of critical plane parameters and Ruiz method provide very similar position of crack initiation.Moreover,the improved sample is much safer than the flat-specimen.

有限元模拟再喷丸参数对Q345B钢残余应力演变规律的影响

对退火态Q345B钢依次进行喷丸、预疲劳、再喷丸处理,采用X射线/剥层法研究了再喷丸对残余应力和疲劳寿命的影响,以预疲劳的残余应力为初始应力,构建了随机弹丸再喷丸有限元模型,研究了覆盖率(100%,200%,300%)、弹丸直径(0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7mm)和弹丸初速度(25,35,40,45m·s^(-1))对残余应力分布及其影响层深度和试样表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:再喷丸处理可以使预疲劳处理松弛的残余应力基本恢复到单次喷丸后的水平,并进一步延长其疲劳寿命。有限元模拟得到,随着覆盖率增加,再喷丸引入的残余压应力和影响层深度无明显变化,试样表面粗糙度增大;随着弹丸直径和弹丸初速度增加,残余压应力和影响层深度均先增大后趋于稳定,表面粗糙度增大。最优再喷丸参数为弹丸初速度40m·s^(-1),弹丸直径0.6mm,覆盖率100%。

SiC芯片封装纳米银烧结层的热机械分析及疲劳寿命预测

纳米银的热膨胀系数与模块中其他组件存在较大差异,导致在严苛环境下工作时发生热疲劳失效。因此,预测纳米银烧结层的热疲劳寿命成为关键问题。以SiC功率模块为对象,利用有限元仿真和修正的Coffin-Manson寿命预测模型,分析了纳米银烧结层在热循环载荷下的最大等效应力和疲劳寿命。进一步通过响应面法分析,以疲劳寿命为优化目标,选取了SiC芯片和纳米银烧结层最佳参数组合,并探究铜基板镀镍对疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果显示:在累积的热循环下,纳米银烧结层边角处的等效应力最大,最容易发生热疲劳失效。通过优化设计,当SiC芯片厚度取0.15 mm,纳米银烧结层厚度取0.1 mm时,最大等效应力降低了1.36%,疲劳寿命增加了1.57倍。此外,铜基板上的镍层与纳米银烧结层具有相适应的材料属性,能够降低纳米银烧结层的等效应力,并增加其疲劳寿命。

压合衬套强化耳片孔疲劳寿命优化研究

压合衬套冷挤压强化耳片孔挤压量与强化效果的对应关系难以获得,并且存在残余应力沿轴向分布不均及孔壁变形不均的问题,为此,对大孔径耳片孔压合衬套冷挤压强化工艺进行了研究,提出了一种带夹具的低成本工艺改进方法,并对改进后工艺的可行性进行了验证。首先,建立了压合衬套冷挤压强化耳片孔的有限元模型,开展了耳片孔冷挤压强化,探究了不同挤压量下耳片残余应力分布规律及孔壁变形规律;然后,采用有限元模型分析了耳片疲劳寿命与挤压量的映射关系;通过压合衬套冷挤压安装实验和X射线衍射仪应力检测实验,对压合衬套冷挤压强化耳片孔有限元模型的可靠性进行了验证;最后,提出了改进的压合衬套冷挤压强化工艺,并采用有限元方法对其有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:冷挤压强化效果并非与挤压量呈正相关,而是在某一挤压量下取得峰值。采用改进后的压合衬套冷挤压强化工艺可改善耳片孔变形不均的问题,进一步延长耳片孔的疲劳寿命。

DN1000大口径水平弯在海底管道中的应用

某大口径天然气海底管道工程受外部条件限制,必须设置水平弯来完成管道路由的转向。在缺乏成功案例供参考的情况下,文中结合工程特征和天然气管道/水平弯特性,同时借助MOSES等软件,对水平弯的安装过程进行了模拟,作了起吊/下放过程、浮吊船运动影响、安装疲劳等计算分析,并通过优化浮吊船起吊参数和水平弯两侧海底管道配重厚度等方法,顺利完成DN1000厚壁大口径、高配重、高难度海上水平弯的应用,对后续同类工程具有一定的借鉴意义。

夹钳起重机端梁腹板裂纹分析与应力检测及疲劳寿命研究

以某钢厂热轧生产线上在用的夹钳起重机为研究对象,通过对桥架端梁腹板裂纹进行静强度有限元分析和满载状态下应力检测及剩余寿命进行估算,对设备运行现状安全性作出评价,不仅可有效保证起重机工作的安全性和可靠性,同时及为设备的计划性维修和更新换代提供技术依据。

基于BP神经网络的谐波减速器柔轮疲劳寿命预测研究

柔轮是谐波减速器的易损零件,在波发生器的高转速带动下转动,其疲劳寿命一直是备受关注的研究重点。以某型号杯型谐波减速器柔轮为研究对象,建立有限元仿真模型,得到柔轮最大应力与筒长、筒体壁厚和不同过渡圆角半径等参数之间的关系。根据柔轮S-N曲线,计算得到柔轮疲劳寿命,利用反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络实现了柔轮疲劳寿命的预测。

含裂纹铆钉搭接板的权函数法与扩展寿命分析

铆钉搭接结构是典型的多位置损伤敏感结构,容易在多个铆钉孔边萌生疲劳裂纹,进而威胁飞机结构安全。由于裂纹个数、位置和大小随机多变,铆钉与平板间存在复杂的接触关系。为高效、准确计算多铆钉搭接板的应力强度因子以进行裂纹扩展寿命分析,提出针对搭接结构复杂裂纹问题的权函数分析方法。首先,对多铆钉搭接板的复杂裂纹构型进行合理简化分类,利用其对应的权函数求解应力强度因子。然后,采用有限元分析计算含裂纹多铆钉搭接板的应力强度因子以验证权函数法的计算精度。最后,将经验证的权函数分析方法结合Paris裂纹扩展公式,对铆钉搭接结构进行疲劳裂纹扩展分析,并通过试验验证分析方法的有效性。结果表明,采用权函数法计算的应力强度因子与完全采用有限元方法计算的应力强度因子的相对差别小于5%,分析预测的裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果吻合良好,且计算效率比完全采用有限元法快3个数量级,进而为铆钉连接结构孔边裂纹的应力强度因子和疲劳裂纹扩展分析提供了一个有效方法。

多点点焊件疲劳寿命分析

根据ST12钢的双点及三点拉剪电阻点焊试件的恒幅疲劳测试结果,分别使用缺口应力法和等效结构应力法进行疲劳寿命预测。在使用缺口应力法时,按试件的实际尺寸和国际焊接学会(International institute of welding, IIW)推荐标准,分别建立了双点和三点拉剪试件的三维实体有限元模型进行弹性应力分析,从有限元分析结果提取von Mises最大应力变化值,结合IIW推荐标准中的S-N曲线对试件进行疲劳寿命分析预测;在使用结构应力法时则采用梁壳混合单元进行有限元应力分析,并且根据主S-N曲线进行疲劳寿命预测。结果表明,在低周疲劳范围内,缺口应力法和等效结构应力法预测的结果相对于试件的实际寿命有较好地相关性,其中等效结构应力法的结果更接近实验寿命结果。