Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic stroke.However,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more investigation.The aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain injury.PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury outcomes.The search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and B-vitamins.The focus of each literature search was basic science data.The year of publication in the literature searches was not limited.Our analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls.Howeve r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain injury.The details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further investigated.Overall,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model systems.Further investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen:Novel viral biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B management

The management of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection now involves regular and appropriate monitoring of viral activity,disease progression,and treatment response.Traditional HBV infection biomarkers are limited in their ability to predict clinical outcomes or therapeutic effectiveness.Quantitation of HBV core antibodies(qAnti-HBc)is a novel non-invasive biomarker that may help with a variety of diagnostic issues.It was shown to correlate strongly with infection stages,hepatic inflammation and fibrosis,chronic infection exacerbations,and the presence of occult infection.Furthermore,qAnti-HBc levels were shown to be predictive of spontaneous or treatment-induced HBeAg and HBsAg seroclearance,relapse after medication termination,re-infection following liver transplantation,and viral reactivation in the presence of immunosuppression.qAnti-HBc,on the other hand,cannot be relied on as a single diagnostic test to address all problems,and its diagnostic and prognostic potential may be greatly increased when paired with qHBsAg.Commercial qAnti-HBc diagnostic kits are currently not widely available.Because many methodologies are only semi-quantitative,comparing data from various studies and defining universal cut-off values remains difficult.This review focuses on the clinical utility of qAnti-HBc and qHBsAg in chronic hepatitis B management.

Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients-evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings:The CHOICE study

BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies,including cancer chemotherapy.HBV reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality,which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis.AIM To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV(CHB)and occult HBV infection(OBI)among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemo-therapy.METHODS In this observational study,the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving chemotherapy.Serological markers of HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc)]were evaluated for all patients.HBV DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total anti-HBc.RESULTS The prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3%[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.0-4.2].Additionally,the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8%(95%CI:0.2-2.3).CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.Identifying individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBV infection,which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

坐式八段锦在Standford B型主动脉夹层患者术后快速康复中的应用效果

目的探讨坐式八段锦在Standford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)患者术后快速康复中的效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月南昌大学第二附属医院收治的50例TBAD患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(25例)与对照组(25例),对照组采用常规康复运动方案,观察组采用常规康复运动方案联合坐式八段锦,比较两组的疼痛程度、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、运动耐力及护理满意度。结果两组出院时疼痛评分均低于本组干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院1个月,两组的ADL评分高于本组干预前,6 min步行距离(6MWT)长于本组干预前,且观察组的ADL评分高于对照组,6MWT长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TBAD患者术后采用坐式八段锦可有效减轻疼痛程度,改善患者的日常生活活动能力,提高运动耐力及护理满意度。

Antiviral treatment standards for hepatitis B:An urgent need for expansion

The present letter to the editor is related to the review with the title“Past,present,and future of long-term treatment for hepatitis B virus.”Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)represents an important and pressing public health concern.Timely identification and effective antiviral therapy hold the potential to reduce liver-related mortality attributable to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV)substantially.However,the current global treatment rates for CHB remain conspicuously low,with the excessively stringent treatment criteria advocated by national CHB guidelines being a contributing factor to these low rates.Nevertheless,recent strides in comprehending this malady and the emergence of novel antiviral agents prompt the imperative re-evaluation of treatment standards to extend the sphere of potential beneficiaries.An impending need arises for a novel paradigm for the classification of patients with CHB,the expansion of antiviral treatment eligibility for HBV-infected individuals,and even the streamlining of the diagnostic process for CHB to amplify cost-effectiveness and augment survival prospects.

Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗围手术期超敏C反应蛋白等相关指标应用意义的临床研究

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、D-二聚体(D-D)、降钙素原(PCT)对Standford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)患者胸主动脉腔内修复术预后的影响。方法选取2017年4月至2022年3月抚州市第一人民医院行胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)的80例TBAD患者作为研究对象,于术前1 d和术后7 d检测hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平。根据患者预后分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较两组患者术前1 d和术后7 d的血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平,分析血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平与患者预后的关联性。结果80例患者中预后良好(预后良好组)63例(78.75%),预后不良(预后不良组)17例(21.25%)。两组患者术后7 d血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平高于本组术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后良好组患者术前1 d和术后7 d的血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平低于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归模型分析结果显示,术前1 d血清hs-CRP(β=0.617,OR=1.854,95%CI=1.217~2.696)、D-D(β=0.639,OR=1.895,95%CI=1.841~2.635)、PCT(β=0.554,OR=1.741,95%CI=1.547~3.052)和术后7 d hs-CRP(β=0.892,OR=2.440,95%CI=1.251~4.761)、D-D(β=0.797,OR=2.219,95%CI=1.669~3.141)、PCT(β=0.604,OR=1.829,95%CI=1.058~2.969)水平是接受TEVAR治疗的TBAD患者预后的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论监测围手术期血清hs-CRP、D-D、PCT水平对接受TEVAR治疗的TBAD患者预后判断具有一定的参考价值。

Chronic Hepatitis B in Indian Americans: Lack of Screening and Poor Linkage to Care

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) and globally. CHB disproportionately affects Asian Americans and many other immigrant minority populations, primarily owing to the high prevalence of CHB in their countries of origin. India is a country with a medium-to-high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) (>2%) and has over 40 million people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with more than 115,000 deaths annually from HBV-related complications. Indian Americans are one of the largest immigrant populations in the US but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to clinical care. We, therefore, assessed the HBV prevalence and evaluated the linkage-to-care (LTC) among Indian Americans to develop strategic plans to reduce the impact of HBV in the US. Methods: Between April 2022 and January 2024, serologic screening and surveys were provided to 328 Indian American adults (age 20 - 80) in New York City. All participants were tested for a triple panel consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core IgG antibody (anti-HBc). A survey was conducted on the subjects chronically infected with HBV regarding their histories of infection. Self-administered questionnaires were employed to evaluate demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. Results: Of 328 screened and evaluated (246 males and 82 females), 10 (3.0%) were HBV-infected, 222 (67.7%) were susceptible to HBV, and 96 (29.3%) were immune. The prevalence of chronic HBV varied between the age groups: 4.6% (age 20 - 40), 3.4% (age 41 - 60), and 1.7% (age 61 - 80). Of 10 chronically infected, only two subjects had been previously diagnosed but were not engaged in care. Conclusion: HBV disproportionately affects Asian Americans, primarily owing to immigration from parts of the world where the disease is endemic. Indian Americans belong to an intermediate-risk group, with an HBV prevalence of >2%, but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to care. Our pilot study on Indian American populations, the first of its kind, demonstrates a 3% prevalence of CHB, none of whom are linked to care. In addition, this population has a high percentage of unimmune subjects, creating a large reservoir for future infection. With the growing population of Indian Americans, our findings can be used to develop community-based strategies for HBV screenings and LTC that target high-risk groups.

Perception of Medical Students towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination. Perception-sustaining events like seminars, workshops, road shows, and campaigns should be organized among students and health workers.

Perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma resection:How to achieve a better outcome

BACKGROUND Although the benefits of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been proven,researchers have not con-firmed the differences in patient outcomes between patients who received preoperative antiviral therapy for a period of time(at least 24 wk)and patients who received remedial antiviral therapy just before radical resection for HBV-related HCC.AIM To investigate the efficacy of perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in patients with HBV-related HCC.METHODS A retrospective study of patients who underwent radical resection for HBV-related HCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to June 2019 was conducted.Considering the history of antiviral therapy,patients were assigned to remedial antiviral therapy and preoperative antiviral therapy groups.RESULTS Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival(P<0.0001)and disease-free survival(P=0.035)between the two groups.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a history of preoperative antiviral treatment was independently related to improved survival(hazard ratio=0.27;95%confidence interval:0.08-0.88;P=0.030).CONCLUSION In patients with HBV-related HCC,it is ideal to receive preoperative long-term antiviral therapy,which helps patients tolerate more extensive hepatectomy;however,remedial antiviral therapy,which reduces preoperative HBV-DNA levels to less than 4 Log10 copies DNA/mL,can also result in improved outcomes.

Hepatitis B Vaccination in Medical and Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Medical and dental students are at risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The study aimed to assess the vaccination status against Hepatitis B Virus of students in clinical and non-clinical years of a private medical and dental college, and their knowledge, attitude, and awareness about the subject. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire among 203 medical and dental students of CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry (CMH LMC & IOD) in Lahore, Pakistan. Participants were evaluated for their knowledge and vaccination status against Hepatitis B Virus. Students were considered to be fully vaccinated (recipients of 3 doses), partially vaccinated (recipients of 1 or 2 doses), and unvaccinated. Comparisons were made between students of clinical and non-clinical years. Data was entered and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Only 66% (n = 134) of the 203 participants had ever received a Hepatitis B Virus vaccine out of which a meagre 17.2% (n = 35) were fully vaccinated. No significant difference was found in vaccine uptake between students of clinical and non-clinical years (p-value = 0.181) despite significant differences seen in the knowledge of vaccination schedule (p-value = 0.001), the prevalence of needle-stick injuries (p-value = 0.001), and knowledge of protocols to be followed after a needle-stick injury (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: Our study found that a large proportion of the student population is vulnerable to HBV infection. There is a need to create awareness regarding the subject to increase vaccine uptake. HBV vaccination should be offered to all currently enrolled students and be made mandatory at the time of admission in the future.

Prediction model for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B with peginterferon-alfa treated based on a responseguided therapy strategy

BACKGROUND Models for predicting hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB)after nucleos(t)ide analog treatment are rare.AIM To establish a simple scoring model based on a response-guided therapy(RGT)strategy for predicting HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance.METHODS In this study,75 previously treated patients with HBeAg-positive CHB underwent a 52-week peginterferon-alfa(PEG-IFNα)treatment and a 24-wk follow-up.Logistic regression analysis was used to assess parameters at baseline,week 12,and week 24 to predict HBeAg seroconversion at 24 wk post-treatment.The two best predictors at each time point were used to establish a prediction model for PEG-IFNαtherapy efficacy.Parameters at each time point that met the corresponding optimal cutoff thresholds were scored as 1 or 0.RESULTS The two most meaningful predictors were HBsAg≤1000 IU/mL and HBeAg≤3 S/CO at baseline,HBsAg≤600 IU/mL and HBeAg≤3 S/CO at week 12,and HBsAg≤300 IU/mL and HBeAg≤2 S/CO at week 24.With a total score of 0 vs 2 at baseline,week 12,and week 24,the response rates were 23.8%,15.2%,and 11.1%vs 81.8%,80.0%,and 82.4%,respectively,and the HBsAg clearance rates were 2.4%,3.0%,and 0.0%,vs 54.5%,40.0%,and 41.2%,respectively.CONCLUSION We successfully established a predictive model and diagnosis-treatment process using the RGT strategy to predict HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB undergoing PEG-IFNαtherapy.

Prevention of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with novel systemic therapies:Who and Why?

The risk of reactivation in patients with chronic or past/resolved hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs is a wellknown possibility.The indication of antiviral prophylaxis with nucleo(t)side analogue is given according to the risk of HBV reactivation of the prescribed therapy.Though the advent of new drugs is occurring in all the field of medicine,in the setting of hematologic malignancies the last few years have been characterized by several drug classes and innovative cellular treatment.As novel therapies,there are few data about the rate of HBV reactivation and the decision of starting or not an antiviral prophylaxis could be challenging.Moreover,patients are often treated with a combination of different drugs,so evaluating the actual role of these new therapies in increasing the risk of HBV reactivation is difficult.First results are now available,but further studies are still needed.Patients with chronic HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positive]are reasonably all treated.Past/resolved HBV patients(HBsAg negative)are the actual area of uncertainty where it could be difficult choosing between prophylaxis and pre-emptive strategy.

急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层病人介入治疗时间窗对术后主动脉重塑的影响

目的:探讨急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层病人介入治疗时间窗对术后主动脉重塑的影响。方法:选取2017年1月—2021年1月于我院接受胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)的急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层病人102例,根据治疗时间窗分为A组(<7 d)、B组(7~14 d)和C组(>14 d)。比较3组一般资料、术后主动脉重塑情况和并发症情况。根据术后主动脉重塑情况将病人分为假腔消失组(42例)和假腔未消失组(60例),通过单因素和多因素Logistic分析病人术后主动脉重塑的独立影响因素,根据独立因素构建列线图预测模型,并对模型进行验证。结果:A组平均治疗时间和住院时间显著短于B组和C组(P<0.01)。A组术后真腔体积扩大率、术后假腔体积缩小率、术后覆膜支架远端真腔面积扩大率、术后覆膜支架远端真腔最长径扩大率、术后支架远端最长径和术后支架远端面积显著高于B组和C组,术后假腔内血栓化比率显著低于B组和C组(P<0.001)。治疗时间窗>7 d、最大腹主动脉直径>30.00 mm、假腔有分支灌注和多破口为病人术后主动脉重塑的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。利用独立影响因素构建列线图预测模型,模型具有较好的区分度,校准曲线评价结果提示模型准确性较好。结论:尽早接受手术治疗有利于病人术后主动脉重塑,治疗时间窗>7 d、最大腹主动脉直径>30.00 mm、假腔有分支灌注和多破口为急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层病人术后主动脉重塑的独立影响因素。

Liver histological changes in untreated chronic hepatitis B patients in indeterminate phase

BACKGROUND Studies with large size samples on the liver histological changes of indeterminate phase chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients were not previously conducted.AIM To assess the liver histological changes in the indeterminate phase CHB patients using liver biopsy.METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 1532 untreated CHB patients were collected,and all patients had least once liver biopsy from January 2015 to December 2021.The significant differences among different phases of CHB infection were compared with t-test,and the risk factors of significant liver histological changes were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among 1532 untreated CHB patients,814(53.13%)patients were in the indeterminate phase.Significant liver histological changes(defined as biopsy score≥G2 and/or≥S2)were found in 488/814(59.95%)CHB patients in the indete-rminate phase.Significant liver histological changes were significant differences among different age,platelets(PLTs),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)subgroup in indeterminate patient.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥40 years old[adjust odd risk(aOR),1.44;95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-1.97;P=0.02],PLTs≤150×10^(9)/L(aOR,2.99;95%CI:1.85-4.83;P<0.0001),and ALT≥upper limits of normal(aOR,1.48;95%CI:1.08,2.05,P=0.0163)were independent risk factors for significant liver histological changes in CHB patients in the indeterminate phase.CONCLUSION Our results suggested that significant liver histological changes were not rare among the untreated CHB patients in indeterminate phase,and additional strategies are urgently required for the management of these patients.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2:A promising biomarker for colorectal cancer

According to the latest global cancer statistics,colorectal cancer(CRC)has emerged as the third most prevalent malignant tumor across the globe.In recent decades,the medical field has implemented several levels of CRC screening tests,encompassing fecal tests,endoscopic examinations,radiological examinations and blood tests.Previous studies have shown that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)is involved in inhibiting immune cell function,immune evasion,and promoting tumor progression in acute myeloid leukemia and nonsmall cell lung cancer.However,its interaction with CRC has not been reported yet.Recently,a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology revealed that LILRB2 and its ligand,angiopoietin-like protein 2,are markedly overexpressed in CRC.This overexpression is closely linked to tumor progression and is indicative of a poor prognosis.The study highlights the potential of utilizing the concentration of LILRB2 in serum as a promising biomarker for tumors.However,there is still room for discussion regarding the data processing and analysis in this research.

滋膵降糖方介导Fetuin B-AMPK/ACC通路对高脂诱导肥胖小鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗的调控机制研究

目的:探讨滋膵降糖方通过Fetuin B-AMPK/ACC通路改善肥胖C57BL/6J小鼠胰岛素抵抗的机制。方法:高脂饮食喂养C57BL/6J小鼠,构建胰岛素抵抗模型,随机分为模型组、滋膵降糖方组、二甲双胍组、联合组(滋膵降糖方+二甲双胍),正常饮食小鼠为空白对照组。观察各组小鼠体质量、肝脏质量、葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素抵抗指数,肝脏Fetuin B、AMPK、ACC mRNA及肝脏Fetuin B、AMPK_(α1)、ACC、P-AMPK_(αT183/T172)、P-ACC_(S79)蛋白表达。结果:滋膵降糖方可改善小鼠葡萄糖耐量,减小曲线下面积,降低胰岛素抵抗指数,下调肝脏质量和肝体比,降低肝脏Fetuin B、ACC mRNA和Fetuin B蛋白表达,上调AMPK mRNA和P-AMPK_(αT183/T172)/AMPK_(α1)、P-ACCs79/ACC蛋白水平。结论:滋膵降糖方可能通过Fetuin B-AMPK/ACC信号通路减轻肥胖小鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗。

Stanford B型主动脉夹层行TEVAR干预时机分析

目的探索胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)不同干预时机治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层后的疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年4月于我院就诊的126例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,根据发病时间至手术时间分为A组(<24 h)、B组(2~7 d)和C组(8~14 d)。比较三组围手术期不良事件(内漏、脑梗死、死亡、主动脉破裂及总并发症等)发生情况,并根据随访情况进行生存分析。结果本研究共计纳入126例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,其中A组50例,B组43例,C组33例。三组在一般情况方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);三组在围手术期急性脑梗死、内漏、感染及死亡发生率方面无统计学差异(P>0.05),在总并发症发生率方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05);应用Log-rank检验比较三组生存曲线,A组5年累计无主动脉夹层复发及生存率低于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究认为在症状出现后24 h内行TEVAR治疗B型主动脉夹层不良事件发生率及近中期疗效不佳,而在症状出现2~14 d行TEVAR可获得较好的围手术期及近中期结果。

Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床特点及诊疗进展

Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)是临床常见的主动脉疾病,指主动脉内层撕裂导致血液进入主动脉壁,造成主动脉壁各层分离,形成真假两腔的分离状态。TBAD通常发生于主动脉下行部分,并向下延伸至腹主动脉,其主要临床症状包括剧烈胸痛、背部疼痛、呼吸困难、休克等,治疗方法包括药物治疗、开放修复手术和血管腔内介入手术等。早期诊断和治疗对改善TBAD患者的预后至关重要,但目前对于TBAD的诊治方式尚存在一定的争议。

Link Budget and Enhanced Communication Distance for Ambient Internet of Things

Backscatter communications will play an important role in connecting everything for beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G systems.One open challenge for backscatter communications is that the signals suffer a round-trip path loss so that the communication distance is short.In this paper,we first calculate the communication distance upper bounds for both uplink and downlink by measuring the tag sensitivity and reflection coefficient.It is found that the activation voltage of the envelope detection diode of the downlink tag is the main factor limiting the back-scatter communication distance.Based on this analysis,we then propose to implement a low-noise amplifier(LNA)module before the envelope detection at the tag to enhance the incident signal strength.Our experimental results on the hardware platform show that our method can increase the downlink communication range by nearly 20 m.

pSETsac B质粒构建及其对达卡气单胞菌kdp E基因的有痕与无痕敲除效率评价

为构建一种新型基因敲除质粒,以pSET4s和pK18mobsac B质粒为基础,通过PCR和酶切连接的方法,构建了新质粒pSETsac B,然后以pK18mobsac B质粒为对照,评价新建质粒对达卡气单胞菌kdp E基因的有痕敲除(带有四环素筛选标记)和无痕敲除效率。结果表明,两种质粒在有痕敲除效率上无差别,但在无痕敲除上,pSETsac B的敲除效率显著高于对照质粒pK18mobsac B。由于p SETsac B为穿梭性温敏质粒,因此,该质粒可望在革兰氏阳性和阴性菌的遗传机制研究中皆可发挥作用,本研究同时也为检视kdp E基因在达卡气单胞菌中的功能提供了前期的突变体材料。