Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to cerebral ischaemia in young rats based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database

BACKGROUND The incidence rate of cerebral infarction in young people is increasing day by day,the age of onset tends to be younger,and its internal pathogenesis and mechanism are very complicated,which leads to greater difficulties in treatment.Therefore,it is essential to analyze the key pathway that affects the onset of cerebral infarction in young people from the perspective of genetics.AIM To compare the differentially expressed genes in the brain tissue of young and aged rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and to analyse their effect on the key signalling pathway involved in the development of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus 2R online analysis tool was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes in the GSE166162 dataset regarding the development of cerebral ischaemia in young and aged groups of rats.DAVID 6.8 software was further used to filter the differentially expressed genes.These genes were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis to determine the key gene pathway that affects the occurrence of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.RESULTS Thirty-five differentially expressed genes(such as Igf2,Col1a2,and Sfrp1)were obtained;73 GO enrichment analysis pathways are mainly involved in biological processes such as drug response,amino acid stimulation response,blood vessel development,various signalling pathways,and enzyme regulation.They are involved in molecular functions such as drug binding,protein binding,dopamine binding,metal ion binding,and dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed a significantly enriched pathway:The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c-AMP)signalling pathway.CONCLUSION The c-AMP signalling pathway might be the key pathway in the intervention of cerebral infarction in young people.

Identification of ITGA3 as an Oncogene in Human Tongue Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

Human tongue cancer （TC） is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. There is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in TC progression, mRNA expression profiles play a vital role in the exploration of cancer-related genes. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to identify the progression associated candidate genes of TC by bioinformatics analysis. Five microarray datasets of TC samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Onmibus （GEO） database and the data of 133 TC patients were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） head and neck squamous cell carcinoma （HNSC） database. The integrated analysis of five microarray datasets and the RNA sequencing data of TC samples in TCGA-HNSC was performed to obtain 1023 overlapping differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in TC and adjacent normal tissue （ANT） samples. Next, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis was conducted to enrich the significant pathways of the 1023 DEGs and PI3K- Akt signaling pathway （P=0.011） was selected to be the candidate pathway. A total of 23 DEGs with ｜log2 fold change （FC）｜ ≥1.0 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase （PI3K-Akt） signaling pathway were subjected to survival analysis of 125 eligible TC samples in TCGA database, indicating increased integrin-α3 gene （ITGA3） expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis. Taken together, our study suggested ITGA3 may facilitate the development of TC via activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Prognostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in small cell lung cancer

Background Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a highly malignant and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor.With the rise of immunotherapy,it has provided a new direction for SCLC.However,due to the lack of prognostic biomarkers,the median overall survival of SCLC is still to be improved.This study aimed to explore novel biomarkers and tumor-infiltrating immune cell characteristics that may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in SCLC.Methods Gene expression profiles from patients with SCLC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,and tumor microenvironment(TME)infiltration profile data were obtained using CIBERSORT.The robust rank aggregation(RRA)method was utilized to integrate three SCLC microarray datasets downloaded from the GEO database and identify robust differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between normal and tumor tissue samples.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed to explore the functions of the robust DEGs.Subsequently,protein-protein interaction networks and key modules were constructed by Cytoscape,and hub genes were selected from the whole network using the plugin cytoHubba.Survival analysis of hub genes was performed by Kaplan-Meier plotter in 18 patients with extensive-stage SCLC.Results A total of 312 robust DEGs,including 55 upregulated and 257 downregulated genes,were screened from 129 SCLC tissue samples and 44 normal tissue samples.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the robust DEGs were predominantly involved in human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection,focal adhesion,complement and coagulation cascades,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,and ECM-receptor interaction,which are closely associated with the development and progression of SCLC.Subsequently,three DEGs modules and six hub genes(ITGA10,DUSP12,PTGS2,FOS,TGFBR2,and ICAM1)were identified through screening with the Cytoscape plugins MCODE and cytoHubba,respectively.Immune cell infiltration analysis by the CIBERSORT algorithm revealed that resting memory CD4+T cells were the predominant infiltrating immune cells in SCLC.In addition,Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that the gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)was a potential prognostic biomarker of SCLC.Conclusions Hub genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of SCLC,and this finding could contribute to the formulation of individualized immunotherapy strategies for SCLC.