Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)with additional tertiary ultrafiltration membranes and ozonation treatment can improve water quality in receiving rivers.However,the impacts of WWTP upgrade(WWTP-UP)on pathogens carry...Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)with additional tertiary ultrafiltration membranes and ozonation treatment can improve water quality in receiving rivers.However,the impacts of WWTP upgrade(WWTP-UP)on pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and virulence factors(VFs)in rivers remain poorly understood.In this study,ARGs,VFs,and their pathogenic hosts were investigated in three rivers impacted by large-scale WWTP-UP.A five-year sampling campaign covered the periods before and after WWTP-UP.Results showed that the abundance of total metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)containing both ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers did not decrease substantially after WWTP-UP,but the abundance of MAGs belonging to pathogenic genera that contain both ARGs and VFs(abbreviated as PAVs)declined markedly.'Genome-resolved metagenomics further revealed that WWTP-UP not only reduced most types of VFs and ARGs in PAVs,but also effectively eliminated efflux pump and nutritional VFs carried by PAVs in receiving rivers.WWTP-UP narrowed the pathogenic host ranges of ARGs and VFs and mitigated the cooccurrence of ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers.These findings underline the importance of WWTPUP for the alleviation of pathogens containing both ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101128,51578537,and 51778603)Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-DQC004).
文摘Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)with additional tertiary ultrafiltration membranes and ozonation treatment can improve water quality in receiving rivers.However,the impacts of WWTP upgrade(WWTP-UP)on pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and virulence factors(VFs)in rivers remain poorly understood.In this study,ARGs,VFs,and their pathogenic hosts were investigated in three rivers impacted by large-scale WWTP-UP.A five-year sampling campaign covered the periods before and after WWTP-UP.Results showed that the abundance of total metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)containing both ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers did not decrease substantially after WWTP-UP,but the abundance of MAGs belonging to pathogenic genera that contain both ARGs and VFs(abbreviated as PAVs)declined markedly.'Genome-resolved metagenomics further revealed that WWTP-UP not only reduced most types of VFs and ARGs in PAVs,but also effectively eliminated efflux pump and nutritional VFs carried by PAVs in receiving rivers.WWTP-UP narrowed the pathogenic host ranges of ARGs and VFs and mitigated the cooccurrence of ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers.These findings underline the importance of WWTPUP for the alleviation of pathogens containing both ARGs and VFs in receiving rivers。