Shanghai Huaxin Electronics and Electrical Appliances General Factory

China’s largest electronic piano specialized production factory—the Shanghai Huaxin Electronics and Electrical Appliances General Factory—developed and grew up from a small loss-incurring neighborhood factory a decade ago. At present, the factory’s annual output value has exceeded RMB100 million for three years running, and sales are increasing at a rate of 30 percent per year.

Estimation Method of State-of-Charge For Lithium-ion Battery Used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Variable Structure Extended Kalman Filter

Since the main power source of hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） is supplied by the power battery,the predicted performance of power battery,especially the state-of-charge（SOC） estimation has attracted great attention in the area of HEV.However,the value of SOC estimation could not be greatly precise so that the running performance of HEV is greatly affected.A variable structure extended kalman filter（VSEKF）-based estimation method,which could be used to analyze the SOC of lithium-ion battery in the fixed driving condition,is presented.First,the general lower-order battery equivalent circuit model（GLM）,which includes column accumulation model,open circuit voltage model and the SOC output model,is established,and the off-line and online model parameters are calculated with hybrid pulse power characteristics（HPPC） test data.Next,a VSEKF estimation method of SOC,which integrates the ampere-hour（Ah） integration method and the extended Kalman filter（EKF） method,is executed with different adaptive weighting coefficients,which are determined according to the different values of open-circuit voltage obtained in the corresponding charging or discharging processes.According to the experimental analysis,the faster convergence speed and more accurate simulating results could be obtained using the VSEKF method in the running performance of HEV.The error rate of SOC estimation with the VSEKF method is focused in the range of 5% to 10% comparing with the range of 20% to 30% using the EKF method and the Ah integration method.In Summary,the accuracy of the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion battery cell and the pack of lithium-ion battery system,which is obtained utilizing the VSEKF method has been significantly improved comparing with the Ah integration method and the EKF method.The VSEKF method utilizing in the SOC estimation in the lithium-ion pack of HEV can be widely used in practical driving conditions.

Cultural Variables Within Prosecution of Chinese Corporate Espionage:The Case of USA Versus Yanjun Xu

The US government claims that US corporations lose billions of dollars worth of technological innovation each year to China.On average,the FBI opens a new China-related counterintelligence investigation every 12 h.At present there are over 2000 such investigations underway.One such case focused on Yanjun Xu,an alleged officer in the Chinese MSS(Ministry of State Security)intelligence apparatus.He was accused of seeking to steal General Electric/Aviation jet engine technology.A unique feature of his case is that it he allegedly did so without ever setting foot in the USA.During the course of the investigation,the FBI was able to lure Xu to Belgium in 2018 and he was extradited to the USA after being apprehended by the Belgium authorities.In October,2021 he was convicted of two counts of conspiring and attempting to commit economic espionage.Xu was also convicted of conspiracy to commit trade secret theft and two counts of attempted theft of trade secrets.He was defended by the Taft Law Firm in Cincinnati,Ohio.The author was hired by the Taft Law Firm to serve as a litigation consultant in the case and this affords him the opportunity to share relevant cultural variables associated with the case without revelation of confidential information.