Health personnel-targeted education interventions on inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals:A scoping review

Background:Inpatient suicide is an important part of patient safety management in general hospitals.Incidence of inpatient suicide can be decreased by health personnel mastering inpatient suicide prevention strategy.To enhance health personnel’s inpatient suicide prevention strategy,education intervention is a common method.Educational interventions in the researches varied in contents,duration and outcome measurements.However,there has been not synthesis of education interventions targeting health personnel on inpatient suicide prevention.Objective:Prevention of inpatient suicide is a critical priority in patient safety management in general hospitals.Incidence of inpatient suicide can be decreased by effective strategies mastered by health personnel through education interventions.Educational interventions in researches varied in contents,duration and outcome measurements.We aimed to review education interventions targeting health personnel on inpatient suicide prevention.Methods:A scoping review was used to analyze existing researches on education interventions targeting health personnel focusing on inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals.Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,and Chinese Scientific Journal Database were searched in Oct 2019.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the searched studies were screened by two reviewers.And then,two researchers conducted the data extraction independently by using a table format,including the first author,year of publication,study design,participants,education intervention,etc.Results:Twelve studies were included in this scoping review.The contents of education interventions on inpatient suicide prevention included three aspects:suicide knowledge,suicide assessment,and skills for coping with suicide.The duration of education interventions ranged from 1.5-h to 32.0-h.The effects of education interventions were mainly focused on participants’knowledge,attitudes and skills of suicide prevention.Conclusion:The evidence showed that education interventions on inpatient suicide prevention had positive impact on health personnel’s knowledge,attitude and skills about inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals.However,the best health personnel-targeted education intervention on inpatient suicide prevention in general hospitals was yet to be determined.In the future,it is necessary to combine evidence in this review and the actual condition in clinical practice.

Validation of the General <i>Health Questionnaire</i>(GHQ-12) adapted to a work-related context

Introduction: The aim of this study is to test the factorial structure and the internal consistency of the 12-items General Health Questionnaire adapted to work-related psychological distress (GHQW). Methods: A validated French version of the GHQ-12 was used and transformed to remind of the occupational context. A sample of 1014 workers completed the GHQW. Internal consis- tency was assessed by Cronbach’s α coefficient. The factorial structure was extracted with an exploratory factorial analysis (EFA). Results: The EFA run on the data yield to a one- factor structure explaining 60.5% of the total variance of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha showed a very good internal consistency of the scale (α = 0.94). Conclusion: The findings support that the GHQW is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring work-related psychological distress in workers. This work-related version could find some applications in epide-miological research at work, in the study of psychosocial risk factors and in the occupational health physi- cian’s daily activity.

Examining the Relationship of Optimism and Emotion Regulation Strategies with General Health among Students of University of Sistan and Baluchestan

Background and Objective: Individuals apply various emotion regulation strategies, some of which are adaptive and others are maladaptive affecting people’s general health. Moreover, individual life-orientation including favorable expectancies about future (optimism) is associated with health-related behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of optimism and emotion regulation strategies with general health of university students. Materials and Methods: This was a correlational study. In this regard, 182 students of University of Sistan and Baluchestan (70 males and 112 females) were chosen. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all undergraduate students of the university of Sistan and Baluchestan in the second semester of the 2009-2010 academic year. Considering the nature of the current study, the correlational method was applied. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample of 200 subjects was selected from students majored at different fields including human sciences, basic sciences and technical-engineering through applying multi-stage random sampling method. Eighteen incomplete questionnaire forms were excluded. Finally, data obtained from 182 subjects (112 females, 70 males) were analyzed. The mean age was 21.1 year-old and standard deviation of the sample was 2.06. Samplings were assessed using the Revised Life-Orientation Test (LOT-R), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and General Health-28 Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between optimism and general health (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). Among all research variables, i.e. optimism and emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), only optimism was able to predict 0.06 percent of variance of general health (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Optimists have higher general health and consistent with other findings, optimism is associated with higher levels of applying coping strategies and lower levels of avoidance.

Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Male and Female High School Teachers in Zabol

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. The research followed a cross-correlational method. The statistical population included all male and female high school teachers in the academic year 2014 in Zabol. In this study, considering participants’ gender, stratified random sampling method was used. Data collecting was performed through applying the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The content validity was checked and alpha coefficients for the variables of general health and job burnout were 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. In this research study, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and independent t-test were conducted to analyze the hypotheses using SPSS v.21. Results revealed that general health and its dimensions were significantly and positively correlated with job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Additionally, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly and negatively related to general health. Regarding the priority of the predictor variables of teachers’ general health, in the first step, emotional exhaustion, in the second step, depersonalization and in the third step, lack of personal accomplishment entered into the prediction model, these three variables together predicted 21% of variations in general health. Moreover, general health and job burnout were not significantly correlated in terms of gender.

Health Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in ICU Survivors: Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Follow-Up and Correlations between the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)

We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological distress in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 12 months after ICU discharge. The purpose of this study, conducted and completed before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, was to find correlations among psychiatric symptoms detected by a screening tool as the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the different domains of HRQOL measured with the SF-36 health survey (SF-36), in order to identify ICU survivors with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) who need a specific psychiatric intervention to improve their HRQOL. Among 298 ICU survivors who stayed in the ICU for at least 72 hours, 48 patients were enrolled one year after discharge undergoing a clinical interview to assess their functional impairment (Barthel index), mental health (GHQ-28), and health-related quality of life (SF-36). 19% of those subjects had a GHQ-28 ≥ 5 and were identified as “psychiatric cases”, and they were older and experienced a greater impairment in HRQOL. Anxiety, insomnia, and depressive symptoms seemed to be particularly involved in the impairment of HRQOL. A negative correlation between GHQ-28 total scores and subscales and SF-36 subscales was found. Our findings highlighted that psychological distress in ICU survivors may negatively impact physical health recovery and quality of life;conversely, physical impairment and functional disability may trigger the onset of psychiatric symptoms after discharge. The present study is firstly to investigate the correlations between HRQOL and psychological distress in ICU survivors through the GHQ-28, and then affirms the need to carry out follow-up checks for psychiatric symptoms in ICU survivors.

Vulnerable and without protection: Lifetime experiences of abuse and its influence on mental ill health -—An interview study among Swedish women within general psychiatric care

Violence against women is a major global public health issue, and experiencing violence has substantial consequences for the lives of abused women. This study aims to illustrate experiences of abuse and its influence on mental ill health among women seeking general psychiatric care. Ten women seeking general psychiatric care in southern Sweden participated in a qualitative interview study. Content analysis resulted in four categories: Living in fear that persistently influences the substance of life, living with the sense of being worthless, living with a constant question about who you are and living between hope and despair. The theme evolving from the analysis was: Being vulnerable and without protection in a frightful reality that limits one’s possibilities of living and being the person one wishes to be. The results showed that the women described their mental ill health not only in terms of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation and self-harm, but also in relation to feelings of hope and despair, fear, worthlessness and living with a constant question about who they are. The abuse reduces freedom of action, and leads to feelings of insecurity, of not having any boundaries, isolation, and self-contempt and a need to escape. This study provides knowledge of abused women self-reported mental ill health in relation to abuse.

Health from the Hive: Potential Uses of Propolis in General Health

The health industry has always used natural products as an alternative, to the conventional allopathic formulations available for the treatment of various afflictions. Propolis, a natural antibiotic is a resinous yellow brown to dark brown substance that honey bees (Apis mellifera) collect from tree buds, sapflows, shrubs or other botanical sources to seal unwanted open spaces in the hive, protecting it from outside contaminants. The main chemical classes present in propolis are flavonoids, phenolics and other various aromatic compounds. Flavonoids are well known plant compounds that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Propolis has been used in general for various purposes and has a promising role in future medicine as well as in dentistry. This paper is an attempt to review various applications of this compound in medicine.

Sleep Duration and Its Links to Psychological Distress, Health Status, Physical Activity and Body Mass Index among a Large Representative General Population Sample

This study aimed to investigate associations between: (a) psychological distress, self-perceived health status and sleep duration among a large representative general population sample;and (b) patterns of sleep duration, physical activity and Body Mass Index among a subgroup of participants who self-reported as being in good health with low psychological distress. Data collected from six waves of the Nation Health Interview Surveys (NHISs) was employed. The results indicated that both psychological distress and self-perceived health status were strong predictors of sleep duration. Participants with high serious psychological distress scores reported sleeping 7 - 8 hours less often than those in low or moderate psychological distress and were also most likely to sleep for less than 6 hours or 9 or more hours. Similar patterns were observed for sleep duration by self-reported health status. Subgroup analysis including only participants in self-reported excellent or very good physical health with low mental distress scores showed that participants who engaged in higher frequencies of vigorous and strengthening exercises were more likely to sleep less than six hours, and participants with a BMI of 25 or higher were also more likely to sleep less than six hours.

Maternal Depression and Mother-to-Infant Bonding: The Association of Delivery Mode, General Health and Stress Markers

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine associations among maternal stress level, general health, mother to infant bonding, maternal depression level, and mode of delivery. Methods: Mothers who delivered a single baby at term were recruited with a total 435 mothers participating in the study. Outcome measures: Data were collected 6 months after delivery using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as well as socio-demographic and medical information at 6 months. Additionally, salivary cortisol and chromogranin levels were determined. Results: The proportion of breast-feeding mothers in the vaginal delivery group (51.4%) was significantly higher than that of the cesarean section group (24%). GHQ-28 scores were significantly related to EPDS scores and MIBS scores (P Conclusion: Maternal general health is associated with maternal psychological health. These results suggest that the support of maternal health is important to maintain maternal psychological status and bonding to infants. Because EPDS scores were significantly worse in the planned cesarean section group (4.2 ± 3.3), careful management is needed of mothers who deliver by planned cesarean section.

Relationship of Smartphone Dependence to General Health Status and Personality Traits among University Students

We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.

The quality of older adults'involvement in clinical communication with general practitioners:evidence from rural towns in Australia

Objective:A study was conducted about the putative links of older rural Australians'health knowledge and preparation with their quality of involvement in patient-general practitioner(GP)communication during health intake visits.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study between January 2021 and April 2022.The 32-item quality of involvement in communication scale was designed and incorporated into the SurveyGizmo software.This online survey was administered by sending an email request to the Renmark Rotary Club,which actively promoted this study across five rural towns in South Australia.121 participants completed the surveys.Mean-sum scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses to evaluate outcomes,specifically initiation of information,active participation,and emotional expression.We employed different methods including t-tests,ANOVA,and leaner regressions to analyse data.Results:The demographic profile of participants characterised by a female predominance(58.7%,71/121),a majority falling within the 65-<70 age bracket(47.1%,57/121),and a high level of educational attainment(58.7%had completed high school or higher,71/121).Additionally,35%of the participants predominantly spoke a language other than English at home.Regarding the initiation of information with GPs,the mean sum-score was(20.5+3.7),indicating a marginally above-average level of engagement.Contrarily,the active participation was suboptimal,as suggested by a mean sum score of(35.9±6.3).Furthermore,the emotional expression was relatively low,with a mean score of(13.9±1.8).Substantial variations were discerned in the quality of patient-GP communication,contingent upon factors such as educational background,language spoken at home,health literacy,and preparatory measures for clinical visits.Participants who predominantly spoke a language other than English at home demonstrated significantly lower levels of information initiation with their GPs(P<0.o01).Higher educational attainment was positively correlated with increased active participation(P<0.001).Enhanced health literacy and thorough visit preparation were significantly associated with increased levels of active participation(P<0.001).Conclusion:Meaningful engagement through recognition,empowerment,and support(health literacy programs)for older rural adults is suggested for improving their quality of involvement in communication with GPs.

The Effects of Fetal Movement Counting on Mental Health of Mother in Third Trimester A Randomized Controlled Trial

Anxiety is one of the psychological problems in pregnant women that sometimes takes the form of pathological and affects the mental health of mother. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fetal movement counting on mental health of mother. In a randomized-controlled trial, 208 nulliparous women were randomly divided into two groups. At 28th weeks, both groups completed the GHQ-28. Then the intervention group started to count fetal movements from 28th to 37th weeks of gestation and the control group received routine prenatal care. Again, both groups completed the questionnaire at 37 weeks＇ gestation and the results were compared. Analysis was performed by SPSS and a P value 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The mean scores of mental health of mothers in 28th and 37th of pregnancy was respectively 23.52 ± 10.23 and 21.09 ± 10.12 in the intervention group and the difference was significant （P = 0.025）. The mean in the control group was 23.69 ± 9.43 and 23.88± 8.60 respectively, and the difference was not significant （P = 0.52）. In comparing the mean scores between the two groups, it was found that the difference was not significant at 28th weeks of gestation （P = 0.37）, but it was significant in 37th week （P = 0.002） and the counting of fetal movements could improve the mental health of mothers compared to control group. The women who had fetal movements counting at weeks 28 to 37 Of gestation reported better mental health than the control group. The mother renorted concerns about decreased fetal movement was similar in the two grouns.

A survey on 564 cases of inpatients with anxiety and depression in general hospitals in 2015

Objective: To understand the prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals and find out main influencing factors. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 564 inpatients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were selected during January to June of 2015. Patients were assessed for anxiety and/or depression by use of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMAS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMDS). Meanwhile, final diagnosis was made on the basis of diagnostic criteria listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Results: In different departments, the positive rate (HADS ≥ 8) was the highest in Department of Oncology (45.42%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). After assessment with the help of HAMD and HAMA, the prevalence of anxiety/depression was the highest in Department of Oncology (46.43%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). There was no statistical significance in diagnostic results acquired from HAMD and HAMA (p = .071). Two types of diagnostic methods were highly consistent (κ = 0.852, p = .000). Inpatients aged from 40 to 59 years, with junior high school education or below, very tiring work, poor marital status (separated, divorced, widowed), unharmonious family, low personal income, completely self-paying and family history of anxiety and depression, currently unable to take care of themselves were more prone to anxiety and depression (p < .05). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals is high due to many influencing factors. It is necessary to establish an effective diagnosis and treatment system for anxiety and depression, in order to make patients easy to receive an early and comprehensive treatment and improve their life quality.

Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their role.This study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease management.Methods:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after intervention.The intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for microscopy.Questionnaires filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the intervention.Diagnosis and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of data.Results:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium vivax.Pre-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the study.The GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and primaquine.Concurrent with our study,an international NGO,Population Service International,supplied GPs with RDTs and ACTs at subsidized rate which was helpful.Conclusion:The study suggests that participation of GPs may help improve the disease management of malaria and thus assist in the country’s effort to control ma- laria.

Risk factors for major gastrointestinal bleeding in the general population in Finland

BACKGROUND Data on non-drug related risk-factors for gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)in the general population are limited,especially for life-style factors,clinical measurements and laboratory parameters.AIM To identify and investigate non-drug risk factors for major GIB in the general population of Finland.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the FINRISK health examination surveys,which have been conducted every 5 years across Finland from 1987 to 2007.Participants were adults aged 25 years to 74 years,excluding those with a previous hospitalization for GIB.Follow-up from enrollment was performed through linkage to national electronic health registers and ended at an event of GIB that led to hospitalization/death,death due to any other cause,or after 10 years.Covariates included demographics,socioeconomic and lifestyle factors,clinical measurements,laboratory parameters and comorbidities.Variable selection was undertaken using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)and factors associated with GIB were identified using Cox regression.RESULTS Among 33,508 participants,403(1.2%)experienced GIB[256 men(63.5%);mean age,56.0 years(standard deviation(SD)±12.1)]and 33105 who did not experience GIB[15768 men(47.6%);mean age,46.8(SD±13)years],within 10 years of follow-up.Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of GIB were baseline age[per 10-year increase;hazard ratio(HR)1.62,95%confidence interval(CI):1.42-1.86],unemployment(HR:1.70,95%CI:1.11-2.59),body mass index(BMI)(HR:1.15,95%CI:1.01-1.32),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)(HR:1.05,95%CI:1.02-1.09),precursors of GIB(HR:1.90,95%CI:1.37-2.63),cancer(HR:1.47,95%CI:1.10-1.97),psychiatric disorders(HR:1.32,95%CI:1.01-1.71),heart failure(HR:1.46,95%CI:1.04-2.05),and liver disorders(HR:3.20,95%CI:2.06-4.97).Factors associated with a significantly decreased risk of GIB were systolic blood pressure(SBP)(HR:0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.96),6-10 cups of coffee a day(HR:0.67,95%CI:0.46-0.99),or>10 cups(HR:0.43,95%CI:0.23-0.81).CONCLUSION Our study confirms established risk-factors for GIB and identifies potential risk-factors not previously reported such as unemployment,BMI,GGT,SBP and coffee consumption.

Mental Health Disorders of the Indonesian People in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic:Who is Vulnerable to Experiencing it?

The extraordinary situation related to COVID-19 makes people worry about their health,family health,work,finances,and other daily activities.This condition can lead to social unrest,which has consequences for mental health problems.This study aims to determine the mental health consequences at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.This is a cross-sectional study involving a target population aged 18 years and over who had access to electronic communication devices.An online questionnaire was randomly distributed and snowballed throughout 34 provinces in Indonesia.The study was conducted from 2 to 4 May 2020.Non-parametric and multi-variate linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression.Two thousand seven hundred forty-three participants were involved in this study,with 69.16%female.In sum,6.92%of participants had General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)scores≥10 for moderate-severe anxiety symptoms,and 8.57%had Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)scores≥10 for moderate-severe depressive symptoms.The multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the strongest factors influencing anxiety and depression were a history of mental illnesses,chronic illnesses,the group affected by layoffs or job seekers,unemployed,students,younger age group,living in a rented house,single,and female.In contrast,the lower and secondary education level seems to reduce the risk of depression compared to those with higher education levels.Anxiety and depression occur during the periods of activity restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic and are influenced by several modifiable and non-modifiable factors.There is an urgent need to emphasize vulnerable groups such as those with a history of illness,those affected by layoffs/looking for work,and the younger age group.

Is hepatic steatosis associated with left ventricular mass index increase in the general population?

AIM To investigate the association between hepatic steatosis and change in left ventricular mass index(LVMI) over five years, and examine whether systolic and diastolic blood pressures are mediators of the association between hepatic steatosis and LVMI using a general population sample.METHODS We analyzed data from the Study of Health in Pomerania. The study population comprised 1298individuals aged 45 to 81 years. Hepatic steatosis was defined as the presence of a hyperechogenic pattern of the liver together with elevated serum alanine transferase levels. Left ventricular mass was determined echocardiographically and indexed to height2.7. Path analyses were conducted to differentiate direct and indirect paths from hepatic steatosis to LVMI encompassing systolic and diastolic blood pressure as potential mediating variables.RESULTS Hepatic steatosis was a significant predictor for all measured echocardiographic characteristics at baseline. Path analyses revealed that the association of hepatic steatosis with LVMI change after five years was negligibly small(β =-0.12, s.e. = 0.21, P = 0.55). Systolic blood pressure at baseline was inversely associated with LVMI change(β =-0.09, s.e. = 0.03, P < 0.01), while no association between diastolic blood pressure at baseline and LVMI change was evident(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.05, P = 0.56). The effect of the indirect path from hepatic steatosis to LVMI via systolic baseline blood pressure was small(β =-0.20, s.e. = 0.10, P = 0.07). No indirect effect was observed for the path via diastolic baseline blood pressure(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.06, P = 0.60). Similar associations were observed in the subgroup of individuals not receiving beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or drugs acting on the reninangiotensin system.CONCLUSION Baseline associations between hepatic steatosis and LVMI do not extend to associations with LVMI change after five years. More studies are needed to study the longitudinal effects of hepatic steatosis on LVMI.

Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Health Benefit Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin Dried Calyces Beverage in Human

Background/Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the health benefit effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin (H. sabdariffa L.) dried calyces beverage on some clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters in humans. Methods: The dried calyces were harvested in the two regions (Adamaoua and West) of Cameroon. The proximate, mineral composition and phytochemical screening were evaluated. A standardized extraction procedure was set up and from the calyces;we prepared a drink for 32 male volunteers’ subjects aged from 21 to 32 years, specially recruited for the experiment. Each participant consumed 500 mL twice a day (in the morning and in the evening) as supplement beverage during two weeks. The anthropometrics (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), clinical (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), hematological (RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, Lymphocytes, MID cells, Granulocytes, platelet and MPV) and biochemical (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, serum iron, blood glucose, creatinine, urea, ASAT and ALAT) parameters were determined in the blood on days 0 and at the end of each week. Results: Crude protein, lipid, fiber and ash content of calyx ranged respectively from 4.57 - 5.98, 10.10 - 11.33, 20.39 - 22.30 and 9.15% - 10.38% while the levels of minerals were ranged from 512.0 - 740.6, 77.8 - 177.7, 52.84 - 52.85, 1.10 - 2.10, 41.2 - 119.5, 3.25 - 8.20 and 0.56 - 17.5 mg/100g respectively for Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe and Zn. The phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and anthocyanins on methanol and aqueous extracts. A significant increase of RBC, Hb, PCV, MPV, HDL-C, TG and creatinine and a significant decrease of WBC, MID cells, LDL-C and TC (p < 0.05) were observed during the study period. Furthermore, there was no significant change on BMI, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, granulocyte, platelet, serum iron, blood glucose, ASAT, ALAT and urea levels. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa L. dried calyces from Cameroon are rich sources of crude fibers and minerals. The H. Sabdariffa L. dried calyces drink can be safely used for people suffering for anemia. It also revealed good cholesterol lowering potential. No hepatoxicity and no kidney damage have been observed as far as serum enzymes were concerned.

Plate vs reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures:The psychological health influence the choice of device?

BACKGROUND Proximal humeral fractures represent the third most common observed osteoporotic fracture;the treatment in three and four-part proximal humeral fractures in patients over 65 years is still controversial.Among the treatments described in literature,open reduction and internal fixation(O.R.I.F)and reverse shoulder arthroplasty(RSA)are gaining an increasing popularity.AIM To investigate the correct treatment for three and four-part proximal humeral fractures according to psychological aspects.METHODS It was conducted a prospective study with a series of 63 patients treated with O.R.I.F.(group A)and with RSA(group B)for three and four-part proximal humeral fractures according to Neer classification system.A conservative treatment group,as control,was finally introduced.One independent observer performed clinical and a psychological evaluation at one(T0),six(T1)and twelve months(T2)postoperatively.The Constant’s score and The Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand(DASH score)were used for clinical evaluation,while General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)and Caregiver Strain Scale(CSS)were used for psychological evaluation.RESULTS At one month follow up in group A the mean values were DASH score 50.8,Constant score 36.1,GAD-7 score 5.4,CSS 5.0.For the group B,the average values at T0 were:DASH score 54.6,Constant score 32.0;GAD-7 score 6.4,CSS 6.2.At six months in group A the average values were DASH score 42.1,Constant score 47.3,GAD-7 score 4.3,CSS 3.9.For the group B,the average values at T1 were:DASH score 39.1,Constant score 43.2,GAD-7 score 5.7,CSS 5.5.At twelve months in the group A,the mean values were DASH score 32.8,Constant score 60.0,GAD-7 score 3.2,CSS 3.1.For the group B shown these mean values:DASH score 33.6,Constant score 52.9,GAD-7 score 4.3,CSS 4.5.We demonstrated a better clinical and psychological outcome at T2 in the group treated with osteosynthesis compared to the group treated with arthroplasty(Constant P=0.049,GAD-7 P=0.012 and CSS P=0.005).A better clinical and psychological outcome emerged in control group at T2 comparing with surgical group(DASH score P=0.014,Constant score P<0.001,GAD-7 P=0.002 and CSS P=0.001).CONCLUSION Both open osteosynthesis and reverse shoulder arthroplasty are valid treatments for proximal humeral fractures.According to the best osteosynthesis results the authors suggested to perform a psychological analysis for each patient in order to choose the appropriate treatment.

Physical Activity Level and Adult Saudi Health Related Quality of Life

Purpose: Physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia is a growing challenge to public health. This study aimed to define the relationship between the physical activity level (PAL) and adult Saudi health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Participants of this study were 100 Saudi adult aged from 18 - 70 years. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) was used to measure the participant’s HRQoL. The SF-36 is comprised of 8 domains. The electronic version of the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to categorize participants in terms of physical activity level into;inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to treat the collected data. Results: Results showed that only 17% of the Saudi adults had active PAL. The PAL had significantly positive relationship with 4 domains of HRQoL including: physical functioning (P = 0.004), role limitations caused by physical health problems (P = 0.048), vitality (P = 0.009), and general health (P = 0.044). Results also confirmed that the younger the subject, the higher the PAL (P = 0.0001) and the better the HRQoL. This is true for all domains except the role limitations caused by emotional problems and emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: The poor physical activity level of adult Saudi negatively impacts their HRQoL.