Influence of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on adrenal cortex, stress factors and immunologic function in patients with lung cancer

Objective: To observe the influence of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on adrenal cortex, stress factors and immunologic function in patients with lung cancer. Methods:A total of 60 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups: observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Observation group: general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia;control group: patients were treated only by general anesthesia. Recording and comparing the levels of Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS and immunologic function before and after treatment. Results: (1) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels between the two groups. After treatment, the serum Ang-Ⅱ, Cor, AD, MDA, GC, ALDO, 17-OH, 17-KS levels of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. (2) Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+between the two groups. After treatment, the CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the same group before treatment, the CD8+ of the two groups were significantly higher, and those levels of observation group were significantly better than the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for patients with lung cancer can perfect the levels of serum adrenal cortical hormone, stress factors and be beneficial to protect their immunologic function.

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in countries with low availability of morphine.

Dynamics of vascular volume and hemodilution of lactated Ringer’s solution in patients during induction of general and epidural anesthesia

Objective： To investigate the dynamics of vascular volume and the plasma dilution of lactated Ringer＇s solution in patients during the induction of general and epidural anesthesia. Methods： The hemodilution of i.v. infusion of 1000 ml of lactated Ringer＇s solution over 60 min was studied in patients undergoing general （n=31） and epidural （n= 22） anesthesia. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and hemoglobin （Hb） concentration were measured every 5 rain during the study. Surgery was not started until the study period had been completed. Results： General anesthesia caused the greater decrease of mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） （mean 15% versus 9%; P〈0.01） and thereby followed by a more pronounced plasma dilution, blood volume expansion （VE） and blood volume expansion efficiency （VEE）. A strong linear correlation between hemodilution and the reduction in MAP （r=-0.50;P〈0.01） was found. At the end of infusion, patients undergoing general anesthesia retained 47% （SD 19%） of the infused fluid in the circulation, while epidural anesthesia retained 29% （SD 13%） （P〈0.001）. Correspondingly, a fewer urine output （mean 89 ml versus 156 ml; P〈0.05） and extravascular expansion （454 ml versus 551 ml; P〈0.05） were found during general anesthesia. Conclusion： We concluded that the induction of general anesthesia caused more hemodilution, volume expansion and volume expansion efficiency than epidural anesthesia, which was triggered only by the lower MAP.

Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Static Aspiration Combined General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Function and Psychological State of Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Objective: To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and static aspiration combined general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function and psychological state of elderly esophageal cancer patients. Methods: From July 2020 to April 2021, 180 elderly patients who underwent radical esophageal cancer surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into 90 cases in the control group and 90 in the observation group. The control group used static aspiration compound general anesthesia, and the patients in the observation group used intravenous anesthesia to compare the cognitive function and psychological state of the two groups of patients. Results: There was no statistical difference in the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group 30 minutes before anesthesia, 1 h and 24 hours after anesthesia compared with that in the control group, P > 0.05;there was no statistical difference between the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores 30 minutes before and 24 hours after anesthesia in the observation group compared with the control group, P > 0.05;the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group of 4 h after surgery and 12 h after operation was significantly higher than that of the control group;the HAMA scores of patients in the observation group of 1 h, 4 h and 12 h after surgery were significantly lower than that of the control group, P Conclusion: The application of total intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal cancer surgery can reduce the impact of anesthesia on their cognitive function and psychological state, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinical practice.

Comparative Study between General Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia Combined with Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Cytokine Response in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients

Background and Objectives: The main benefits of laparoscopic surgery in comparison to open surgery involve the rapid discharge from recovery room, decreased postoperative hospital stays, reduced postoperative discomfort, easier getting back to work and faster return to ordinary daily life as well as cosmetic surgical wounds. The anesthesia type has an essential role in attenuation of the surgical stress and achievement of these advantages. We aimed to determine the outcome of giving general anesthesia in conjunction with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) compared to general anesthesia alone on stress response to surgery and anesthesia by investigating cytokine reaction (interleukin 6 and 8 levels), hemodynamic changes (BP, HR, RR, SPO2), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores postoperatively in patients subjected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This study included 40 patients aged 20 - 60 years old with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I and II. They were planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Aswan University Hospital from April 2017 to March 2018. They were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (n. 20) received general anesthesia only and Group B (n. 20) received general anesthesia in conjunction with thoracic epidural analgesia using fentanyl and bupivacaine in the epidural catheter. Chi-square was applied to differentiate categorical variables, whereas comparison between continuous variables was done by using t-test. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was estimated as statistically significant. Results: As regards IL-6 and IL-8 post-operative there is significant difference (p < 0.05) between two groups during 2nd and 4th hr and 24th hr postoperative, with significantly increased postoperative levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in comparison to their preoperative baseline values. The largest increase in IL6 & IL8 levels was in group A (GA group). VAS score showed significant lower values in TEA group in comparison to GA group. No significant difference between groups as regard intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic changes. Conclusion: Regional techniques including TEA attenuate and decrease cytokine reaction secondary to surgery which decreases inflammatory process and improves patient outcome and reduces pain score postoperatively.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

EMLA■ Cream coated on endotracheal tube with or without epidural lidocaine reduces isoflurane requirement during general anesthesia

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tracheal topical anesthesia using EMLA■Cream(EC)coated on the endotracheal tube(ETT)with or without epidural anesthesia(EA)on isoflurane requirement during general anesthesia(GA)and investigate whether EC coated on the ETT with EA was associated with the additive effect compared with the effect when each anesthetic was administered independently.The prospective randomized,double-blinded,and controlled study included 60 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery requiring GA.Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups:group 1 received GA,group 2 received EC+GA,group 3 received GA+EA,and group 4 received EC+GA+EA.Isoflurane was administered at the required concentrations to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a level not exceeding 20% of preoperative values.The percentage mean expired concentration(%MEC)was used in calculating the isoflurane requirement.Emergence agitation,postoperative sore throat,and hoarseness were recorded.Groups 2,3,and 4 exhibited a significant reduction on isoflurane requirement compared with group 1(P<0.05).The isoflurane requirement evaluated by%MEC decreased by 12%,38%,and 50% in groups 2,3,and 4,respectively.The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in groups 2 and 4 than those in groups 1 and 3(P<0.05).Tracheal topical anesthesia using EC coated on ETT with or without EA reduced the isoflurane requirement during GA,indicating that EC combined with EA exhibited an additive effect on the requirement of general anesthetic.

SURVEY ON CLINICAL STUDY OF COMPOUND ACUPUNCTURE ANESTHESIA IN RECENT 10 YEARS IN CHINA

In the present paper, the authors make a review on the progresses of acupuncture anesthesia (AA) from ① historical development, ② research on acupuncture combined with local anesthesia; ③ research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia; and ④ research on acupuncture combined with general anesthesia. Compound acupuncture anesthesia provides a new anesthetic measure for surgical operations and has a definite analgesic effect and many advantages, and should be investigated further.

Differential effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functional under two different anesthesia methods

Objective： To observe the effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intrarnucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functions using two specific anesthesia methods. Methods： Thirty patients（ASA II ）scheduled for ectomy of hepatocarcinoma, were randomly assigned to two groups： epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia group（E group） and inhalation anesthesia group（G group）. Gastric PgCO2 and phi were monitored at different time points, before theintravenous induction of controlled hypotension, after 1 h and 2 h, and 1 h after the termination of controlled hypotension. In the meanwhile, the artery blood gas was analyzed. Results： There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between E group and G group. However, phi decreased significantly after I h and 2 h of controlled hypotension（P 〈 0.05）, and during the same periods PgCO2 increased significantly（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, the time of bowel movement and defecating deferred significantly shorter in G group patients, when compared with E group patients. Conclusion： Epidural block in combination with general anesthesia can improve gastrointestinal blood flow during controlled hypotension and facilitates post-operational recovery of gastrointestinal functions.

Effects of different anesthesiaes on activity of aldose reducetase inRBC and level of plasma nitric oxide in patients undergoing gastric canceroperation

Objective: To investigate the effects of different anesthesiaes on the activity of aldose reductase(AR) in RBC and the levels of plasma nitric oxide(NO) in patients undergoing gastric cancer operation. Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing gastric cancer operation were randomly divided into two groups with 14 cases for each. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5-2.0MAC isoflurane plus epidural block in group Ⅱ. Venous blood samples were collected to measure the AR ctivity in RBC, the levels of plasma NO and glucose. Results: The plasma levels of glucose were increased significantly at 90 min after incision and kept at the high levels till the 1st postoperative day in group Ⅰ(P<0.01 or P<0.05) as compared with those before anesthesia, the changes in group Ⅱ were same as in group Ⅰ(P<0.01),but not on the 1st postoperative day. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The activity of AR in RBC was increased significantly and the level of plasma NO was decreased significantly on the 1st postoperative day in group Ⅰ(P<0.05). In group Ⅱ, AR and NO changed slightly,but these changes were not significant. The extent of change in the activity of AR or the level of NO no the 1st postoperative day in group Ⅱ was less than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05). Conclusion: Polyol pathway in RBC activated under surgical hyperglycemia while the production of NO is inhibited in patients undergoing gastric cancer operation, which can be effectively attenuated by combined general-epidural anesthesia.

The peri-operative changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in the elder esophageal carcinoma patients

Objective:The aim of the study was to observe and compare the trend of T-lymphocyte subsets in the elder and adult esophageal carcinoma patients postoperatively. Methods: Forty-four esophageal carcinoma patients, classified as ASA physical status I-II, were divided into two groups. Twenty-two patients aged than 65 years were grouped as elder patient group, and the rest twenty-two patients, served as adult patient group, were younger than 60 years old. The jugular venous blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1) as baseline, after completion of surgery (T2), on the first, second and fifth postoperative days (T3, T4 and T5), respectively. The blood counts of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocyte were measured by flow cytometer. Results: Compared with the baseline level, the blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD4/CD8 levels were significantly decreased immediately after surgery, on the first and second postoperative days in the two groups (P<0.01), which returned to baseline values on the fifth postoperative day (P>0.05). On the fifth postoperative day, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4/CD8 levels in adult group were significantly higher than those in elder group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The postoperative immune function in elder patients recovered more slowly than that in adult.

连续硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉食管癌根治术中罗哌卡因最适浓度的探究

目的 探究连续硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉食管癌根治术中罗哌卡因的最适浓度。方法 选取2015年1—10月于内蒙古医科大学附属医院拟采用连续硬膜外麻醉复合全身麻醉行侧开胸食管癌根治术的患者80例，采用随机数字表法将患者按硬膜外用药浓度分为4组，每组20例。A组硬膜外麻醉使用罗哌卡因浓度为0.25%；B组罗哌卡因浓度为0.20%；C组罗哌卡因浓度为0.15%；D组罗哌卡因浓度为0.10%。4组均行第8-10胸椎间隙硬膜外穿刺，头向置管4 cm，各组给予相应浓度的罗哌卡因试验剂量5 ml，确定硬膜外麻醉有效并排除异常阻滞情况后开始全身麻醉诱导。各组硬膜外给予对应浓度首次维持剂量8 ml,术中每1 h追加维持剂量5 ml。全身麻醉维持采用静脉持续输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼，使脑电双频指数值保持在40-60。术中酌情给予麻黄素、多巴胺、去氧肾上腺素，以维持平均动脉压（MAP）〉60 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）。记录并比较4组入室时、给予试验剂量（5 ml）后5 min、插管后5 min、给予首次维持剂量（8 ml）后10 min、切皮时、给予第2次维持剂量（5 ml）后10 min以及拔管时的心率、收缩压、舒张压和MAP，记录血管活性药物的种类及用量、全身麻醉药物用量、清醒拔管时间以及术后疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分。结果 4组患者在给予首次维持剂量后10 min、切皮时、给予第2次维持剂量后10 min和拔管时的心率、收缩压、舒张压和MAP均低于入室时，D组的心率、收缩压和MAP均高于A、B、C组，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。A、B组血管活性药物应用麻黄素、多巴胺和去氧肾上腺素，C、D组应用麻黄素和去氧肾上腺素。A、B、C组麻黄素用量比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），D组麻黄素用量低于A、B、C组［（6.7±3.8）mg比（15.2±3.1）、（14.6±2.8）、（14.3±2.4）mg］，B组多巴胺用量低于A组［（22±4）mg比（37±6）mg］，A、B、C、D组去氧肾上腺素用量逐一减少［（957±23）、（510±18）、（205±15）μg比（81±17）μg］，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。D组丙泊酚用量高于A、B、C组［（1 036±26）mg比（732±26）、（708±25）、（722±22）mg］，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）；4组瑞芬太尼、罗库溴铵用量比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。4组患者拔管时间和出室前动、静态VAS评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 0.15%的罗哌卡因足以阻断胸部的交感与感觉神经，能够稳定血流动力学，是复合全身麻醉完成胸科手术的最适硬膜外用药浓度。

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉在食管癌手术中的临床价值分析

目的探讨全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉在食管癌手术中的临床应用价值。方法选取58例食管癌择期手术患者并将其随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组29例,先行硬膜外穿刺置管后再行气管内插管全麻;对照组29例,仅用全身麻醉。观察和比较两组患者围麻醉期的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、术后苏醒时间、苏醒质量和拔管时间。结果两组患者的麻醉前(H0)MAP、HR的差异无统计学意义,H1、H2、H3、H4四个时间点的MAP和HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术中自主呼吸恢复、拔管和定向力恢复时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论静脉全麻加硬膜外阻滞麻醉应用于食管癌手术的麻醉效果好,能减少麻醉药物使用量,且患者术后恢复较快。

硬膜外阻滞对老年患者开胸食管癌根治术的优势作用

目的：评价硬膜外阻滞对老年患者开胸食管癌根治术的优势作用。方法：择期拟在全麻下行开胸食管癌根治术老年患者80例,年龄≥65岁,体重50~90kg,性别不限,ASA分级I或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为4组（n=20）,分别行0.25%、0.20%、0.15%罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（E1-3组）和全麻组（G组）。记录全程血管活性药的种类及总量、瑞芬太尼（将术中舒芬太尼用量以1∶10等效转换成瑞芬太尼）及肌松药用量、清醒时间和出室时VAS评分。结果：E1和E2组血管活性药的用量多于G组（P〈0.05）,但瑞芬太尼用量明显少于G组（P〈0.05）,其余均与G组无差异（P〉0.05）。E2较E1血管活性药的用量明显减少（P〈0.05）,且瑞芬太尼用量差异无统计学意义;E1-3组清醒时间均短于G组（P〈0.05）;E1-3组组内比较清醒时间、肌松药用量差异无统计学意义。VAS评分E1、E2组低于E3和G组,E3与G组差异无统计学意义。结论：罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对老年患者开胸食管癌根治术有明显的优势作用,表现在早苏醒、阿片类药物节俭,同时0.20%罗哌卡因浓度最能稳定血流动力学,是复合麻醉完成胸科手术的最适硬膜外用药浓度。

Effects of anesthetic methods on preserving anti-tumor T-helper polarization following hepatectomy

AIM:To investigate the impact of different anesthetic techniques on T-helper(Th) cell subsets in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients undergoing hepatectomy.METHODS:Sixty-one HCC patients who received hepatectomies were randomized into an epidural combined general anesthesia(G + E;n = 31) or a general anesthesia(G;n = 30) group.Blood samples were obtained the morning before the operation(d0),and on the second(d2) and seventh(d7) day after the operation.Th cell contents were evaluated using flow cytometry,realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:In all 61 patients,Th1 and Th2 cell frequencies,and interferon-(IFN-) mRNA expression markedly increased on d2,compared to d0.They recovered slightly on d7,and the Th1/Th2 ratio increased markedly on d7,compared with d2.In contrast,Th17,regulatory T cell(Treg),and interleukin-17(IL-17) levels and FOXP3 mRNA expression showed no significant change on d2,and then markedly decreased on d7.Similarly,plasma IFN-concentration on d2 was much higher than that on d0,and then partly recovered on d7.As compared with the G group,in the G + E group,Th1 cell frequencies and the Th1/Th2 ratio were slightly higher on d2 and significantly higher on d7,while Th2,Th17,and Treg cell frequencies were slightly lower on d2,and significantly lower on d7.Consistently,on d7,IFN-mRNA and protein levels and the IFN-/IL-4 ratio in the G + E group were higher than those in the G group.In contrast,the IL-17 mRNA level,and IL-17 and transforming growth factor-1 concentrations in the G + E group were lower than those in the G group.CONCLUSION:G + E is superior to G in shifting the Th1/Th2 balance towards Th1,while decreasing Th17 and Treg,potentially benefiting HCC patients by promoting anti-tumor Th polarization.

快速康复食管癌外科的麻醉管理分析

目的:通过比较静脉全麻与静脉全麻加硬膜外阻滞对食管癌患者术后情况的影响,分析快速康复食管癌外科的麻醉管理。方法:选取年龄在70岁以下,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,无特殊并发症的食管癌手术患者80例,随机分成两组,每组40例,分别采用静脉全麻(对照组)和静脉全麻加硬膜外阻滞(研究组)的方法处理,测定两组患者在手术过程中的循环功能和呼吸功能的变化,麻醉用药量以及麻醉恢复时间的差异。结果:研究组在麻醉诱导前、插管后、切皮后和拔管时平均动脉压[(13.10±1.67)kPa,(12.89±1.22)kPa,(11.08±1.76)kPa,(12.80±1.45)kPa]和心率[(85.82±9.98)次/min,(86.44±9.25)次/min,(72.23±9.78)次/min,(84.19±8.97)次/min])较对照组的平均动脉压[(12.91±1.28)kPa,(14.83±1.39)kPa,(11.79±1.25)kPa,(12.66±1.28)kPa]和心率[(85.78±9.22)次/min,(98.08±9.10)次/min,(74.82±7.88)次/min,(88.80±1.45)次/min]显著稳定(P<0.05);较麻醉诱导前,对照组[RR(18.75±2.44)次/min,MV(7.76±0.78)L,SpO2(97.00±0.74)%)]和研究组[RR(18.69±2.57)次/min,MV(7.55±0.82)L,SpO2(97.29±0.88)%]患者拔管后的呼吸功能表现为明显抑制(P<0.01);研究组麻醉剂普鲁卡因、潘库溴铵和芬太尼用量[(425.21±72.65)mg,(7.68±1.26)mg,(1.01±0.08)mg]明显低于对照组[(584.18±66.78)mg,(10.07±1.78)mg,(1.92±0.17)mg](P<0.05);麻醉恢复情况也有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:静脉全麻加硬膜外阻滞的方法能够有效降低手术中的应激,减少麻醉剂量,减少恢复时间,在术中血压和心率控制,术后恢复中均优于静脉全麻。

全身麻醉复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉用于食管癌手术的临床效果分析

目的分析全身麻醉复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉用于食管癌手术时的临床效果。方法随机选取2015年6月—2016年6月该院收治的患者40例,根据麻醉方法分组,分别给予全身麻醉、全身麻醉复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉,对比两组患者临床效果。结果麻醉期内,观察组的HR为(64.8±6.4)、(74.2±9.4)、(76.1±8.5)次/min低于对照组,观察组的MAP为(85.4±7.3)、(88.4±7.2)、(90.2±6.8)mm Hg低于对照组,差异有统计学意义;观察组患者芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、顺式阿曲库胺的使用量分别为(0.25±0.05)、(1.36±0.23)、(17.01±2.21)mg少于对照组患者,术后自主呼吸恢复、完全清醒以及拔管时间分别为(6.37±1.25)、(8.83±2.01)、(13.39±2.46)min均明显短于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义。结论在食管癌手术时应用全身麻醉复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉,效果显著,值得推广。

静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉及自控硬膜外镇痛对食管癌患者术后T细胞亚群和循环与呼吸的影响

目的观察食管癌患者静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉(CGEA)及自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)对术后T细胞亚群、循环及呼吸的影响。方法食管癌手术患者100例,根据选择的麻醉方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组50例,观察组采用CGEA及PCEA,对照组采用CGEA及术后经静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),观察两组麻醉前30 min、术后2 h、24 h、3 d、5 d外周血T淋巴细胞亚群百分率、循环和呼吸的变化。结果①两组患者术后2 h、24 h时CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD8+/CD4+与麻醉前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组术后2 h、24 h T淋巴细胞亚群百分率下降少,第3 d恢复正常平均水平,对照组第5天恢复正常平均水平;②观察组术后2 h、24 h、3 d MAP增高,心率增快,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③观察组术后2 h RR增快、Vt、Vc、SpO2降低,与观察组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CGEA及PCEA对食管癌患者术后T细胞亚群、循环与呼吸功能影响小,恢复快。

全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在食管癌根治术中的效果比较

目的比较食管癌根治术患者采用全麻及全麻复合硬膜外阻滞的麻醉效果。方法收集来我院进行治疗的71例食管癌患者,随机分为全麻组36例,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组35例,对两组患者的手术情况、术中麻醉维持用药量、围术期各时间点MAP和HR、两组患者术毕至清醒时各项指标进行比较。结果全麻与复合硬膜外阻滞组比较,全麻组具有较高的异氟醚、阿曲库铵、丙泊酚的用量,两组间的差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。在诱导后、切皮、病灶切除MAP及心率两组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。与全麻组比较,全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组的吞咽反射、SpO2>90%、拔除气管导管、睁眼实验阳性、完全清醒的时间经统计学分析差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论食管癌患者采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞进行手术能够降低药物的用量,减少患者的术后躁动,具有更为稳定的血流动力学。

全麻硬膜外联合麻醉与食管癌根治术中的临床应用

目的:观察全麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于食管癌手术的可行性。方法:26例择期食道中或下段癌根治术病人随机分为两组:A组全麻联合硬膜外组;B组单纯全麻组。术中监测并记录麻醉前、插管后1min,切皮,手术2h和拔管即刻五个时间段的平均动脉压、心率及血糖改变。计算全麻用药量、拔管及完全苏醒时间。结果:A组血压、心率改变较为B组平稳(P<0.05),A组血糖在麻醉前后无明显变化,而B组则显著升高(P<0.01)。A组全麻用药量少(P<0.01),拔管及完全苏醒时间短(P<0.01)。结论:全麻联合硬外阻滞用于食管癌手术,具有麻醉平稳应激反应小,苏醒快等优点,是一种可行的麻醉方法。