Predictive effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.

Attribution retraining group therapy for outpatients with major depression disorder,generalized anxiety disorder,and obsessive-compulsive disorder:a pilot study

The aim of this present study is to examine the efficacy of attribution retraining group therapy （ARGT） and to compare the responses of outpatients with major depression disorder （MDD）, generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） and obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD）. We carried out a prospective uncontrolled intervention study with a 8-weeks of ARGT on sixty three outpatients with MDD, GAD or OCD. Hamilton rating scale for depression, Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale, attribution style questionnaire, self-esteem scale, index of well-being, and social disability screening schedule were administered before and after treatment. Significant improvement in symptoms and psychological and social functions from pre- to posttreatment occurred for all participants. The changes favored MDD patients. Our study suggested that ARGT may improve the symptoms and psychological-social functions of MDD, GAD, and OCD patients. MDD patients showed the best response.

The effects of coloring therapy on patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)has harmful effects on physical and mental health and quality of life.Coloring therapy has been reported to have a positive effect on improving patient anxiety and depression.But there are no reported clinical trials examining their effectiveness as a treatment for GAD.This study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of coloring therapy combined with conventional therapy in improving anxiety,depression,and positive and negative emotions with GAD.This randomized controlled study comprising 88 GAD patients was selected for intervention in different wards.The control group(n=45)was given conventional antianxiety medication and physical therapy,and the experimental group(n=43)received coloring therapy combined with conventional therapy.The Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Hamilton Depression Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),and Positive and Negative Affect Scale were assessed in both groups before and 3 weeks after the intervention.After the intervention,there were statistical differences in intra-and inter-group comparisons of anxiety,depression,and positive and negative mood scales in the experimental and control groups(p<.05).The minus in anxiety/positive emotions pre-and postintervention in the experimental group was statistically significant compared to that in anxiety/positive emotions pre-and postintervention in the control group(HAMA:d=1.45,95%confidence interval[CI](0.34,2.57),p=.011;SAS:d=3.87,95%CI(1.73,6.00),p=.001;positive:d=1.76,95%CI(0.17,3.34),p=.030).The minus in depressive/negative emotions pre-and postintervention in the experimental group was not statistically significant compared with that in depressive/negative emotions pre-and postintervention in the control group(p>.05).For GAD patients,adding coloring therapy based on conventional drug therapy and physical therapy can not only reduce depression and negative emotions but also have better effects on reducing anxiety and improving positive emotions than conventional therapy.

Efficacy of Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy on generalized anxiety disorders.Methods:A total of 202 generalized anxiety disorders patients were randomly allocated to a control condition(Paroxetine combined with cognitive therapy) or a treatment condition(Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy).Subsequently,scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and blood routine,urine routine,liver function,renal function,electrocardiogram were detected before treatment,3 months,6 months after treatment and 6 months after medicine withdrawal,respectively.Results:HAMA and SAS scores were significantly reduced in two groups(P【0.001) after treatment,but the differences in HAMA and SAS scores,apparent effect and effectiveness were not significant(P】0.05).HAMA and SAS scores were significantly increased in two groups(P【0.05) after medicine withdrawal,and there were significant differences in HAMA and SAS scores,recurrent disease and adverse reaction(P【0.001). The incidence of recurrent disease and adverse reaction in treatment group was low.Both two groups showed no apparent abnormality in blood routine,urine routine,liver and renal function, and electrocardiogram.Conclusions:Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy can significantly reduce the recurrence after medicine withdrawal and is effective on generalized anxiety disorders.Furthermore,the incidence of adverse reactions is low. The treatment program is worthy clinic application in the further.

The effect of broadening the definition of generalized anxiety disorder on healthcare resource utilization and related costs in outpatient psychiatric clinics

Background: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are among the highest users of healthcare resources. The broadening of the DSM-IV criteria for GAD has been a subject of controversy in the literature, but its consequences have not been analyzed to date. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the broadening of the DSM-IV criteria affects healthcare resource utilization and related costs. Methods: A multicentre, prospective, observational study was conducted in randomly selected outpatient psychiatric clinics between October 2007 and April 2008. Patients diagnosed according to DSM-IV or broader criteria (1 month of excessive or non-excessive worry and only 2 associated DSM-IV symptoms) for the first time were consecutively enrolled. Socio-demographic data, healthcare resources and corresponding costs were collected over a 6-month period. Results: A total of 3549 patients were systematically recruited, 1815 in the DSM-IV criteria group (DG) and1264 inthe broad criteria group (BG). Treatments prescribed were similar for antidepressants in both groups (77.0% in the DG vs. 75.3% in the BG, p = 0.284), and slightly higher in the DG for benzodiazepines (71.5% vs. 67.2% respectively, p = 0.011) and anticonvulsants (72.1% vs. 67.0% respectively, p = 0.002). Healthcare resource utilization was statistically reduced to a similar extent in both groups as a consequence of treatment, yielding a reduction in the cost of illness of €1196 (SD = 1158) and €1112 (SD = 874) respectively;p = 0.304, over a 6-month period. Conclusion: The broadening of the GAD criteria could lead to earlier diagnosis not necessarily associated with an increase in healthcare resource utilization or costs to the National Health System in the six-month follow-up.

Clinical Effect Observation of Jieyu Decoction in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Jieyu decoction in treating generalized anxiety disorder with stagnation-heat in liver meridian type.Methods:There were 72 cases of generalized anxiety disorders outpatient and inpatient patients,and 36 in the control and treatment group.The control group was given oral Deanxit;the treatment group was given Jieyu decoction granules,and necessary psychological counseling was given to patients in both groups.Changes in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scoring scale,Hamilton scale(HAMA),dynamic electrocardiogram heart rate variability and other indicators were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the control group was 76.5%,and the total effective rate of the treatment group was 80.0%.The curative effect of the treatment group and the control group was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the overall curative effect between the two groups(P>0.05).The HAMA scale score of the two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the reduction rate of HAMA score between the two groups(P>0.05).The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05).The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group after 8 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).Two groups of heart rate variability in 24 h period of standard deviation between the average normal R-R(SDNN),24 h per 5 min normal R-R period between the standard deviation(SDANN),root mean square of phase difference between adjacent R-R(RMSSD)and the number of cardiac 50 ms accounted for the percentage of the total number of cardiac(PNN50)than before treatment significantly increased(P<0.05),8 weeks after treatment the SDNN,SDANN than the control group no significant difference(P>0.05),RMSSD,PNN50 significantly difference compared with control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Jieyu decoction has good efficacy and high safety in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder of the type of liver meridian and heat stagnation,which is suitable for clinical promotion and application.

Characterization of event-related potentials in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: Comparison with depression and generalized anxiety disorder patients

BACKGROUND： Study results of event-refated potential in obsessive compulsive disorder （OCD） remain controversial, potentially as a result of different instruments utilized and their differing technical characteristics. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the differences in several common event-related potentials, Le. contingent negative variations, P300, and mismatch negativity （MMN）, in OCD patients, depression patients, generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） patients, and healthy controls. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control study was performed in the Department of Electrophysiology, Shanghai Mental Health Center from May 2002 to December 2005. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 38 OCD patients, 20 depression patients, and 18 GAD patients, who were diagnosed according to the criteria of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders （Version 3）, formulated by the Chinese Psychiatry Association, were selected from the Outpatient Department of Shanghai Mental Health Center. Patients with two or more the above diseases were excluded. In addition, 28 healthy people, gender and age matched, were selected as controls. METHODS： Contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN were recorded by a Nicolet Spirit Instrument. All electrodes were attached at Cz according to the Intemationa11020 system, with the mastoid leads as reference and Fpz as ground. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Amplitude and latency of contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN. RESULTS： The contingent negative variations, P300, and MMN were different （P 〈 0.01）. OCD patients showed an increased MI amplitude compared with controls, depression, and GAD patients （P 〈 0.01）. Target P300 amplitudes were significantly lower in OCD, depression, and GAD patients compared with controls （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, N2 latency and latency of MMN were prolonged in OCD and depression groups compared with controls （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Event-related potentials were different in depression, GAD, and OCD patients and healthy controls. In particular, OCD patients exhibited unique characteristics.

Generalized Anxiety and Major Depressive Symptoms of General Public in South Korea during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic

The extent of viral spread and strategies in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic have been different in each country.There are overall increased mental health concerns in many countries but it is unclear what the general public individuals who do not have heighten vulnerability to stressors for existing mental diseases or significant physical illnesses were experiencing during the pandemic.We evaluated the stressors and mental health of general public in South Korea that has a relatively low confirmed cases and deaths.Responses on the on-line survey questions were used to assess the mental and physical symptoms in association with individuals’reported stressors.Individuals with the symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)were reported in 58.9%,and major depression(MD)in 23.2%,mostly in minimal to mild degrees,cut-off scores of 5 and 10,respectively by the validated screening tools,GAD-7 and PHQ-9.Both GAD and MD symptoms were in 21.5%of the respondents.The total number of stress had significant association with the scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,physical symptoms,sleep difficulties and resilience(p<0.01).GAD scores were also associated with sleep difficulties(p<0.01)and raising young children(p<0.05).MD scores were associated with sleep difficulties,job-dissatisfaction,and educational level(p<0.05).The limitations of the study include small sample size,usage of smartphone or email,potential under-reporting by stigma in the socio-cultural context and evolving nature of pandemic.We conclude that keeping careful watch for mental symptoms,stressors,sleep difficulties and other physical symptoms are important even for the individuals without previous mental illnesses during the pandemic era.

Clinical-DNA Correlates of Anxiety in Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Introduction: Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of 34% with a similar level of heritability (31%) yet lack objective markers that could differentiate patients with underlying conditions. Up to 60%-70% of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have anxiety that meets criteria of generalized anxiety disorder, their clinical-DNA findings worth examining as biomarkers for patients with generalized anxiety. Method: Of the 1899 patients diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 1261 were systematically evaluated for 80 history and 40 physical findings and separated into 826 who reported anxiety and 435 who did not. The most consistently reported or management-directing 60 of these clinical findings were, along with variations in genes relevant to these disorders, examined for association with anxiety. Results: Among the 30 anxiety- associated findings judged most predictive of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in patients with anxiety were expected ones of adrenergic stimulation (difficulty concentrating-87% frequency and 1.26 anxiety/no anxiety ratio;chronic fatigue-84%, 1.17;sleep issues 69%, 1.52 that are criteria for generalized anxiety disorder) or of cholinergic suppression (e.g., frequent nausea 64%, 1.26). Less associated but more discriminating for underlying disease were those reflective of neuromuscular impact (e.g., chronic daily headaches 76%, 1.12);hypermobility (e.g., awareness of flexibility 72%, 1.03), or skin changes (e.g., elasticity around jaw 71%, 1.06). Anxiety-associated DNA variants included 54 of 88 in collagen type I/V/VII/IX genes, 14 of 16 in sodium channel SCN9A/10A/ 11A genes, 59 of 85 in POLG/MT-DNA genes, and 21 of 28 in profilaggrin- FLG genes that respectively impacted tissue laxity, sensory neural, autonomic-mitochondrial, and autonomic-inflammatory functions. Conclusion: Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome selected some 50 clinical-DNA findings useful for its diagnosis in those with generalized anxiety disorders.

Effect of Psychological Education Combined with Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on the Symptom Cluster and Rehospitalization Rate of Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the symptom cluster and rehospitalization of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:This study is a longitudinal randomized controlled study involving 140 elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The patients were divided into two groups:an intervention group and a control group,with 70 cases in each group,via random number table.The patients in the control group received routine nursing,whereas those in the intervention group received psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training for 4 weeks on the basis of routine nursing.The effect of the intervention was evaluated before intervention,at the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months after intervention.Results:At the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months,the sleep,fatigue,anxiety,and functional status of the patients in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group,with statistical significance difference(P<0.05).The rehospitalization rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=10.685,P=0.001).Conclusion:Psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in alleviating the symptom cluster of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and reducing their rehospitalization rate;thus,it should be popularized.

Treating comorbid anxiety and depression: Psychosocial and pharmacological approaches

Comorbid anxiety with depression predicts poor outcomes with a higher percentage of treatment resistance than either disorder occurring alone. Overlap of anxiety and depression complicates diagnosis and renders treatment challenging. A vital step in treatment of such comorbidity is careful and comprehensive diagnostic assessment. We attempt to explain various psychosocial and pharmacological approaches for treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression. For the psychosocial component, we focus only on generalized anxiety disorder based on the following theoretical models:(1) "the avoidance model";(2) "the intolerance of uncertainty model";(3) "the meta-cognitive model";(4) "the emotion dysregulation model"; and(5) "the acceptance based model". For depression, the following theoretical models are explicated:(1) "the cognitive model";(2) "the behavioral activation model"; and(3) "the interpersonal model". Integration of these approaches is suggested. The treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression necessitates specific psychopharmacological adjustments as compared to treating either condition alone. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered first-line treatment in uncomplicated depression comorbid with a spectrum of anxiety disorders. Short-acting benzodiazepines(BZDs) are an important "bridging strategy" to address an acute anxiety component. In patients with comorbid substance abuse, avoidance of BZDs is recommended and we advise using an atypical antipsychotic in lieu of BZDs. For mixed anxiety and depression comorbid with bipolar disorder, we recommend augmentation of an antidepressant with either lamotrigine or an atypical agent. Combination and augmentation therapies in the treatment of comorbid conditions vis-à-vis monotherapy may be necessary for positive outcomes. Combination therapy with tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin and selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors(e.g., duloxetine) are specifically useful for comorbid chronic pain syndromes. Aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone and other novel atypical agents may be effective as augmentations. For treatment-resistant patients, we recommend a "stacking approach" not dissimilar from treatment of hypertension In conclusion, we delineate a comprehensive approach comprising integration of various psychosocial approaches and incremental pharmacological interventions entailing bridging strategies, augmentation therapies and ultimately stacking approaches towards effectively treating comorbid anxiety and depression.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in China

Background Duloxetine is approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder （GAD） in the United States and elsewhere. This study aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of duloxetine in Chinese patients with GAD. Methods This 9-site study consisted of double-blind treatment for 15 weeks either with duloxetine 60-120 mg or with placebo. Patients with at least moderately severe GAD and a Sheehan Disability Scale （SDS） global functioning impairment total score 〉12 were included in this study. Patients who were randomly assigned to duloxetine received 60 mg for 7 weeks; at that point, for nonresponders the dose was increased to 120 mg for the remaining 8 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was mean change from baseline to endpoint on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale score （HADS-A）. Secondary efficacy measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale （HAMA）, the SDS, and pain measures. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Results Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Mean age of the subjects （n=210） was 37.6 years, 50.5% were female, and 74.3% completed the 15 weeks treatment. Patients treated with duloxetine had significantly greater improvement compared to placebo on the HADS-A （mean change -6.6 vs. -4.9, respectively, P=0.022）. Improvement in anxiety was greater with duloxetine treatment at 7 weeks and continued through 15 weeks for both the HADS-A and the HAMA total score （0.01 〈 P 〈0.05）. Compared with placebo, duloxetine was also associated with greater improvement on most seconda~ measures, but not on the SDS global functioning score. Nausea, dizziness, and somnolence occurred significantly more frequently as treatment-emergent adverse events with duloxetine treatment compared with placebo treatment. Conclusions Duloxetine 60-120 mg once daily is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of patients with GAD in China.

Infiniti 3000A生物反馈仪治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的疗效

目的探讨Infiniti 3000A生物反馈仪对广泛性焦虑障碍患者的临床疗效。方法 92例广泛性焦虑障碍患者随机分为实验组与对照组各46例,实验组治疗前后通过Infiniti 3000A生物反馈仪采集脑电、肌电、皮电等数值,然后以各种图像方式进行实时反馈放松治疗,1次/d,30min/次;对照组口服丁螺环酮,10mg/次,3次/d。2组均治疗6周,治疗前及治疗后第3、6周采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和临床整体量表-疗效总评估量表(CGI-SI)评定2组治疗效果。结果治疗6周后,与治疗前相比,2组治疗指标参数均有所改善。2组HAMA和SAS评分治疗3、6周与治疗前相比明显减少(P<0.05),2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组有效率76%,对照组78%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Infiniti 3000A生物反馈仪对广泛性焦虑障碍患者的临床疗效显著,能较好地反馈放松患者的神经。

Frequency of Depression and Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients

Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients. Methods: It was a descriptive study that had investigated the co-morbidity of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients with reference to gender. This study was conducted in Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre—Chest ward (TB clinic) from July 2014 to September 2014. Hundred diagnosed patients of tuberculosis (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) were used to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Results: Findings indicated that 56% tuberculosis (TB) patients had moderate to severe level of depression, whereas 65% TB patients had moderate to severe level of anxiety. Female patients had significantly high prevalence of depression as compared to males (t = –2.173, P –3.468, P Conclusion: Likelihood of depression and anxiety was frequent in tuberculosis patients. However, better management of these psychiatric morbidities may improve treatment adherence, illness perception and patient coping skills.

Applicability Evaluation of Simplified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

背景:我们在国内较早开展并研发了针对焦虑症的结构化认知行为治疗操作手册,本研究在前期研究基础上对简化认知行为治疗的适宜性进行评价。目的:通过多中心临床对照实验,评价简化认知行为治疗(Simplified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,SCBT)的适宜性。方法:通过来自不同级别的精神卫生专科医疗机构和综合医院精神科等多个中心,对广泛性焦虑患者进行SCBT的临床对照研究,分为3组:SCBT组,SCBT+药物组和药物组。比较三组脱落率,接受SCBT患者对治疗满意度以及治疗师对SCBT评价。结果:(1)三组脱落率差异没有统计学意义。(2)接受SCBT的两组患者仅在治疗时间和次数上差异有统计学意义,SCBT组比SCBT+药物组患者治疗满意度高。(3)18名SCBT实施人员均认为操作手册内容容易理解、易于操作,并到达治疗目标。结论:SCBT对广泛性焦虑患者适宜性较强,有望成为在不同级别医疗机构应用推广的心理治疗方法。

广泛性焦虑障碍患者氧化应激因子与焦虑症状的相关性分析

目的探讨广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)患者氧化应激因子与焦虑症状的相关性。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,选取2022年1月至2023年1月在湖州市第三人民医院门诊就诊的GAD患者101例和健康体检者100名(对照组)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定静脉血氧化应激因子水平,包括丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、HDL、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、皮质醇、一氧化氮(NO)和脂质过氧化物(LPO),采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估焦虑程度,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评估抑郁程度。结果GAD组MDA、皮质醇、LPO水平、HAMA评分和HAMD-17评分均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);SOD、GSH-Px、CAT水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);两组间HDL、NO水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。GAD组MDA、NO、LPO与HAMA评分均呈正相关(均P<0.01);SOD、GSH-Px与HAMA评分均呈负相关(均P<0.01)。经二元logistic回归分析显示,在控制性别、年龄、BMI和教育年限等因素后,MDA是GAD发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论GAD患者存在氧化应激失衡,MDA水平升高是GAD发病的危险因素。

辨体辨病辨证模式指导下针刺与普通针刺联合文拉法辛治疗首发广泛性焦虑障碍的效果研究

目的探讨辨体辨病辨证模式指导下针刺与普通针刺联合文拉法辛治疗首发广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)的效果。方法纳入2021年1月至2024年1月收治150例GAD,采用随机数字表法分为观察组75例和对照组75例,观察组给予辨体辨病辨证模式指导下针刺联合文拉法辛治疗,对照组给予普通针刺联合文拉法辛治疗,治疗时间均为8周。治疗结束后进行疗效评价,比较2组治疗前、治疗4周后和治疗8周后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)与焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,比较2组治疗前、治疗8周后血清5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺水平,并记录文拉法辛治疗期间2组不良反应情况。结果治疗后,观察组总有效率为93.33%高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。治疗4、8周后2组HAMA评分、SAS评分均较治疗前降低,且治疗8周后比治疗4周后低(P<0.05);观察组治疗4周后、治疗8周后HAMA评分、SAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗8周后2组5-羟色胺、NE和多巴胺水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2组文拉法辛治疗期间不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论辨体辨病辨证模式指导下针刺联合文拉法辛治疗首发GAD效果确切,可以改善患者焦虑症状及中枢神经递质水平。

强迫症患者早期适应不良图式的特征

目的:考察强迫症患者与广泛性焦虑障碍患者、健康对照早期适应不良图式(EMSs)的差异,探讨强迫症患者EMSs的特征。方法:选取医院门诊强迫症患者40名、广泛性焦虑障碍患者40名,社区招募健康对照40名。采用Young图式问卷(简版)(YSQ-SF)评估所有被试的早期适应不良图式,采用Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)评估强迫症患者的临床症状。结果:强迫症组除自我牺牲外的14个图式因子、5个图式类别以及YSQ-SF总分均高于健康对照组(均P<0.01);强迫症组的依赖/无能力,纠结/未发展的自我图式因子分均高于广泛性焦虑障碍组(均P<0.05)。回归分析显示,强迫症患者Y-BOCS总分与YSQ-SF依赖/无能力因子得分正向关联(β=0.65)。结论:强迫症患者较健康对照拥有更多的早期适应不良图式,其中依赖/无能力图式与强迫症状相关。

广泛性焦虑障碍患者焦虑症状的改善与甲状腺激素水平的相关性分析

目的探讨广泛性焦虑障碍患者经盐酸帕罗西汀治疗后血清甲状腺激素水平变化与焦虑症状严重程度的相关性。方法选取2023年1月至8月就诊于湖州市第三人民医院的广泛性焦虑障碍患者76例作为研究组,根据汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评分将研究组76例患者分为轻度组23例、中度组30例及重度组23例,选取同期69名健康体检者作为对照组。研究组患者予以盐酸帕罗西汀片治疗8周后再次评估焦虑症状,测定并比较基线期及8周末甲状腺激素水平,包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸(triiodothyronine,T_(3))、甲状腺素(thyroxine,T_(4))、游离三碘甲状腺原.氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT_(3))、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT_(4))、促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(antithyroglobulin antibody,TG)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPO)。结果经盐酸帕罗西汀治疗8周后,轻度组、中度组、重度组的显效率依次为73.9%、76.7%、73.9%,三组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.073,P>0.05)。基线期中度组和重度组患者的FT_(4)水平显著高于轻度组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中度组和重度组患者的基线期焦虑症状严重程度与FT_(4)水平分别呈低正相关和显著正相关(r=0.382、0.610,P<0.05)。治疗8周末,中度组和重度组患者的FT_(4)水平较基线期明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=2.847、3.042,P<0.05)。重度组患者HAMA减分率与基线期和治疗8周末FT_(4)水平变化呈正相关(r=0.517,P<0.05)。通过二元Logistic回归分析显示,中度组和重度组患者基线期FT_(4)越高,其疗效越差。结论基线期较高水平的FT_(4)可影响中度、重度广泛性焦虑障碍患者焦虑症状的改善。

“从气守神”推拿法治疗广泛性焦虑症患者的临床疗效及对血清5-羟色胺、P物质的影响

目的观察“从气守神”推拿法对广泛性焦虑症(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD)的治疗效果及对血清5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、P物质(substance P,SP)水平的影响。方法将58例GAD患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组29例;试验组采用“从气守神”推拿法治疗,对照组采用常规推拿法治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、肝气郁结型中医证候量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)量表评分,血清5-HT、SP水平。结果试验组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者HAMA、SAS、肝气郁结证中医证候量表及PSQI量表评分均较治疗前显著减少(P<0.05);试验组HAMA、SAS及PSQI量表评分较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清5-HT水平均显著升高(P<0.05),SP水平均显著降低(P<0.05),试验组升高和降低程度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。结论“从气守神”推拿法可调节GAD患者血清5-HT、SP水平,调节脑—肠轴,从而有效改善患者情绪焦虑、失眠等临床症状。