A two-pass annealing/quenching internal spinning process with small-end rotations is proposed to form a curved generatrix conical thin-walled shell.That is,annealing at 360°C for 2 h followed by the 1st pass spin...A two-pass annealing/quenching internal spinning process with small-end rotations is proposed to form a curved generatrix conical thin-walled shell.That is,annealing at 360°C for 2 h followed by the 1st pass spinning,and finally quenching in ice water after holding for 1 h at 498°C followed by the 2nd pass spinning.ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the internal spinning process of the products formed under different forming parameters.The distribution laws of spinning force,the stress and strain under different forming processes were compared and analyzed.The mechanical properties and microstructure of the products are subsequently analyzed.The results show that the strain and the residual stress in the skin area of the formed products under two-pass spinning process more uniform,and the hardness and the mechanical performance are improved.The microstructure of the products formed with the 0.15 mm thickness reduction at the 2nd pass is excellent.And the second phase grain size distributed uniformly in the range of 36μm.Whereas,the second phase particles are broken seriously and the size distribution inhomogeneity is increased when the thickness reduction in the skin area is greater than 0.20 mm at the 2nd pass spinning process.展开更多
According to previous studies,stiffened shells with convex hyperbolic generatrix shape are less sensitive to imperfections.In this study,the effects of generatrix shape on the performances of elastic and plastic buckl...According to previous studies,stiffened shells with convex hyperbolic generatrix shape are less sensitive to imperfections.In this study,the effects of generatrix shape on the performances of elastic and plastic buckling in stiffened shells are investigated.Then,a more general description of generatrix shape is proposed,which can simply be expressed as a convex B-spline curve(controlled by four key points).An optimization framework of stiffened shells with a convex B-spline generatrix is established,with optimization objective being measured in terms of nominal collapse load,which can be expressed as a weighted sum of geometrically imperfect shells.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a detailed comparison of the optimum designs for the B-spline and hyperbolic generatrix shapes.The decrease of imperfection sensitivity allows for a significant weight saving,which is particularly important in the development of future heavy-lift launch vehicles.展开更多
粮食乃生存之本,为了提高水稻种子生产运输的时效性,设计了一种抛物母线型叶片的螺旋输送机。采用离散单元法(discrete element method,DEM)的颗粒系统仿真,探究螺旋输送机输送水稻种子的运动规律,提高水稻种子卸料速率的同时降低叶片...粮食乃生存之本,为了提高水稻种子生产运输的时效性,设计了一种抛物母线型叶片的螺旋输送机。采用离散单元法(discrete element method,DEM)的颗粒系统仿真,探究螺旋输送机输送水稻种子的运动规律,提高水稻种子卸料速率的同时降低叶片损耗。建立Hertz-Mindlin软球干颗粒接触模型,通过对比普通直母线叶片,分析了3种螺杆倾角下不同螺旋转速水稻种子的运移与接触特性。研究结果表明:抛物母线叶片将水稻种子的动能变化表现为加速入料、稳定输送和高速卸料3个工作阶段,且水稻种子在沿螺杆轴向前进的同时还具备不同频率和幅度的周向运动。相同转速下,600 r/min的0°倾角抛物母线叶片稳定输送水稻种子的卸料速率最高为82.3 g/s,但90°倾角的水稻种子回流现象较为明显,平均卸料速率降低了77.8%。相同倾角下,45°的1800 r/min高转速时,抛物母线叶片水稻种子的法向重叠量相较直母线叶片最大减小了10.2%;90°倾角下1300~1800 r/min中高转速时,抛物母线叶片水稻种子的平均接触数小于直母线叶片1.3%,降低了运输过程中叶片的磨损程度。研究结果揭示了水稻种子的运移规律,可为螺旋输送机的机械化高效运输提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Project(51775479)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(E2017203046)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China
文摘A two-pass annealing/quenching internal spinning process with small-end rotations is proposed to form a curved generatrix conical thin-walled shell.That is,annealing at 360°C for 2 h followed by the 1st pass spinning,and finally quenching in ice water after holding for 1 h at 498°C followed by the 2nd pass spinning.ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the internal spinning process of the products formed under different forming parameters.The distribution laws of spinning force,the stress and strain under different forming processes were compared and analyzed.The mechanical properties and microstructure of the products are subsequently analyzed.The results show that the strain and the residual stress in the skin area of the formed products under two-pass spinning process more uniform,and the hardness and the mechanical performance are improved.The microstructure of the products formed with the 0.15 mm thickness reduction at the 2nd pass is excellent.And the second phase grain size distributed uniformly in the range of 36μm.Whereas,the second phase particles are broken seriously and the size distribution inhomogeneity is increased when the thickness reduction in the skin area is greater than 0.20 mm at the 2nd pass spinning process.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant Nos.2014CB049000,2014CB046596)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11402049,11372062)+2 种基金the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M551070)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University of China(Grant No.DUT14RC(3)028)the"111"Program(Grant No.B14013)
文摘According to previous studies,stiffened shells with convex hyperbolic generatrix shape are less sensitive to imperfections.In this study,the effects of generatrix shape on the performances of elastic and plastic buckling in stiffened shells are investigated.Then,a more general description of generatrix shape is proposed,which can simply be expressed as a convex B-spline curve(controlled by four key points).An optimization framework of stiffened shells with a convex B-spline generatrix is established,with optimization objective being measured in terms of nominal collapse load,which can be expressed as a weighted sum of geometrically imperfect shells.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a detailed comparison of the optimum designs for the B-spline and hyperbolic generatrix shapes.The decrease of imperfection sensitivity allows for a significant weight saving,which is particularly important in the development of future heavy-lift launch vehicles.
