Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>Plants from Non-Cryopreserved and Cryopre-served Seeds

The objective of this work was to evaluate if cryostorage of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds induced variations in regenerated plants at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A series of agricultural traits was measured on plants grown from control, non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved seeds, and the genetic stability of plants of the second generation was analysed at selected microsatellite loci. The phenotype of the second generation plants was evaluated as well. No statistically significant phenotypic differences were observed for the parameters measured, neither in the first nor in the second generations. Averaging both treatments, about 76% of the seeds had germinated 10 days after sowing. At harvest we recorded plants with about 73 cm in height, 13 stem internodes, 25 fruits, 103 grains and 4 grains per fruit. One hundred seeds weighted about 26 g. The genetic analyses performed on the second generation plants using six nuclear Simple Sequences Repeats (SSR) markers revealed no changes in microsatellite length between control and cryopreserved samples, implying that there was no effect of seed liquid nitrogen exposure on genome integrity. The phenotypic and molecular results reported here confirm that cryostorage is an efficient and reliable technique to conserve P. vulgaris seeds and regenerate true-to-type plants.

Genetic variation in growth traits and stem–branch characteristics and their relationships to Eucalyptus clones

Eucalyptus has become an important genus in China because it displays adaptability to a wide range of site conditions and produces pulp wood and veneer on short rotations. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and relationships and consider impli- cations for development of clonal forestry. We assessed growth traits, stem-branch characteristics, crown diameter and height of fresh branch for 20 Eucalyptus hybrid clones in China measured at the age of 44 months. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in growth traits, height of fresh branch and stem straightness among clones. Significant differences in height, volume, crown diameter, height of fresh branch and branch size among replicates were also recorded. Coefficients of vari- ation ranged from 9.84 to 28.54 % for growth traits, 12.03 to 17.25 % for stem-branch characteristics, 18.26 % for crown diameter and 11.73 % for height of fresh branch. Estimates of repeatabilities for height, diameter at breastheight over bark, volume, crown diameter, height of fresh branch, stem straightness and branch size at clone mean level were 0.86, 0.80, 0.80, 0.54, 0.85, 0.77 and 0.44 respectively. Diameter at breast height over bark and height had strongly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with volume, ranging from 0.96 to 1.00. The positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations between growth traits and other studied traits suggested that fast growing clones always had bigger crown diameter, higher height of fresh branch, straighter stems and relatively smaller branches.

Estimation of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Phenological, Physiological and Yield Contributing Attributes in Wheat Genotypes under Heat Stress Condition

The investigation was carried out in focusing the genetic variability for different traits of wheat influenced by heat tolerance mechanism to find out relationships among phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits. Spring wheat cultivar of 25 genotypes were selected and cultivated under late sowing condition at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shympur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December, 2016 to April, 2017. Significant variability among the genotypes exposed for different traits related to heat tolerance. Results showed that the genotypes G24, G10, G01, G13, G16, G25 and G14 ranked as better category considering maximum number of traits in mean performance indicating their tolerance to heat stress under late sowing condition. Phenotypic variances (σg2) of all traits were greater than those of genotypic variances (σg2). The same trends were also found in their co-efficient of variances. The phenotypic co-efficient of variances (PCV) of all traits were greater compare to those of genotypic co-efficient of variances (GCV) and their values were closer to each other. The heading days (HD), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTvg), canopy temperature at grain filling stage (CTgf), biomass, plant height (PH), spike/m2 (SPM), spikelet/spike (SPS), grain/ spike (GPS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and yield exhibited higher heritability (hb2) estimated under irrigated late sowing (ILS) condition. Under the same ILS condition SPAD, SPM, SPS, GPS, TGW and yield showed moderate to high genetic advance (GA) obtained through computing their mean percentage (%) and the rest traits HD, maturity days (MD), CTvg, CTgf, biomass, PH and harvest index (HI) exposed smaller genetic advance (% mean). The co-efficient of variation (CV%) of all attributes in all genotypes were significantly lower (1.36 - 6.96). Both heritability and genetic advance were found lower for MD, SPAD and HI indicated their non additive genetic effects for which these traits might not be recommended for selection. However, spike/m2, spikelet/spike, grain/spike, thousand grain weight and yield belonged to higher heritability and high to moderate genetic advance in mean percentage (%) along with wide genetic variation and lower environmental influence in heat stress situation indicated the most likely heritability due to the effects of additive genes that might be suggested as effective process of selection for these traits in heat stress condition.

A Study on Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Co-Efficient Analysis on Morphological and Yield Attributing Characters of Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]

The study investigated genotypic and phenotypic co-efficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance at 5% selection intensity and in percentage of population mean of nine characters (plant height, leaf number, length and width of leaf lamina, number and weight of cormels per plant, weight of corm per plant, dry matter percentage in the tubers and tuber yield per from 14 cultivars of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]). Results indicated highest genotypic co-efficient of variation for dry matter percentage (47.91), which was 95.78% of the phenotypic co-efficient of variation, whereas tuber yield per plant showed the widest range (819.37). Number of cormels per plant and dry matter percentage ehibited considerably higher heritability (84.90% and 91.70%, respectively) and genetic advance (81.19 and 79.00, respectively), indicating the potentiality of selection for improvement of such characters. These two characters were found to be positively correlated to tuber yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that weight of cormels per plant possessed the highest direct effect on tuber yield, indicating the importance of selection based on this character to increase tuber yield per plant.

基于叶片表型和矿质元素含量特征的油茶品种判别分析

以广泛栽培的‘长林’、‘湘林’、‘赣林’系列28个品种为对象,分析不同油茶品种的叶片表型和矿质元素含量特征,并探讨其在品种判别分析中的应用效果。结果表明,供试28个品种的叶片表型特征和矿质元素含量变异丰富,其中叶面积的变异系数最大(18.66%),形状系数、形状因子的变异系数最小(分别为1.68%、3.64%);油茶不同品种叶片中氮元素平均含量最高,其次为钙、钾和铝元素,镁、锰、硫和磷元素的含量相对较低,从变异系数来看,锰元素的变异系数最大(123.72%),磷、钾、钙、镁元素的变异系数居中(在13.34%~17.71%之间),而氮、硫和铝元素的变异系数最小(在6.77%~9.20%之间);油茶叶片表型特征和矿质元素含量在品种间均存在显著差异;以叶片表型和矿质元素含量指标为变量进行品种判别分析,实现了对供试28个品种的完全判别。本研究为油茶品种鉴别分析提供了思路和借鉴。

自然群体小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型变异分析

【目的】通过对我国小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的分析,多角度展示小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的多样性,为相关的光合遗传机制的探究奠定基础。【方法】针对我国小叶杨叶绿素荧光参数的表型数据,通过聚类分析、表型可塑性和变异系数计算、动态拟合等方法来探究其变化规律。【结果】(1)在静态光照强度下(同一光强)对小叶杨4类荧光表型进行k均值聚类,最优聚类数目受光照强度影响显著。不同类别下,所研究的经过光系统Ⅱ的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ实际的光量子产量(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)4个叶绿素荧光参数具有显著差异。(2)4个小叶杨荧光参数的表型可塑性指数和变异系数的计算结果显示:所选小叶杨群体在可变环境下具有丰富的表型可塑性,随光照强度的逐渐增强,ETR、Yield、qP的表型可塑性呈现出先减后增再减的整体变化趋势,而qN的表型可塑性整体呈下降趋势,这可能与各表型内部的遗传控制有关,也反映了不同表型对梯度光强的不同响应程度;ETR、Yield、qP的变异系数随光照强度的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。qN的变异系数随光照强度的增加而逐渐减小,当光照强度达最大值时,所有类别样本的变异系数均小于0.1。(3)梯度光照强度下,小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型经聚类后可划分为2个大类,经生长方程拟合后可发现,不同类别样本的表型变异速率和最大(最小)值差别明显。【结论】小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型变异丰富,受光照强度的影响显著。通过聚类分析、表型可塑性及变异系数计算和生长方程拟合等方法可以有效地探究小叶杨叶绿素荧光表型的变化规律,为小叶杨遗传分析、光合作用机制挖掘奠定了基础,对小叶杨的培育提供了科学指导。

蕙兰艺草表型多样性研究

蕙兰艺草是蕙兰中最具观赏价值的变异类型,其表型多样性研究可为艺草分类和品种选育提供参考。以收集的795株蕙兰艺草为研究对象,采用形态学方法,对蕙兰艺草7个叶片性状进行多样性分析。结果表明,蕙兰艺草可分为边艺、缟艺、斑艺和水晶艺4大类,斑艺类型最多共有331株,水晶艺和边艺较少,分别有84株和47株;蕙兰艺草叶色多样性指数最高,叶姿为半直立的占总数75.22%,叶艺为条纹状的占总数57.86%;4种类型中边艺的3个质量性状多样性指数均最低,缟艺叶色多样性指数最高,水晶艺叶姿多样性指数最高,斑艺叶艺多样性指数最高;蕙兰艺草4个数量性状中,水晶艺的数量性状变异系数均最高;相关分析显示,叶艺与叶片数和叶宽呈显著负相关,与叶长宽比、叶色、叶姿呈显著正相关;主成分分析表明,蕙兰艺草表型多样性主要由叶艺、叶色和叶片大小决定。

12种竹子的叶表型变异及其与环境因子的关系

为了解不同竹种的叶表型变异特点及其受环境因子的影响,筛选出与抗寒性相关的叶表型性状,选取并测定分布在河南博爱和山东青岛的12种竹子的叶表型性状(长、宽、厚、长/宽、鲜质量、饱和鲜质量和干质量),进行变异分析、主成分分析、性状与环境因子的相关性分析并解析性状间的异速生长关系。结果表明,由博爱引至青岛后(温度降低但降雨量增加),蓉城竹和筠竹的叶表型性状在两地间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);黄秆乌哺鸡竹等8个刚竹属竹种至少有1个叶表型性状显著减小(P<0.05);福建茶秆竹、狭叶青苦竹有多个叶表型性状显著增大(P<0.05)。所有竹种叶质量的变异系数>20%,且青岛竹种叶质量的变异系数大于博爱,主成分分析也表明叶质量基本可以反映叶表型性状的全部信息。所有竹种的叶厚与温度因子显著正相关,与降雨量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表现出了与环境相适应的变异特点。异速生长分析表明,12种竹子引至青岛后,叶厚与叶质量的生长速率增加,且叶质量的生长速率大于叶厚。研究结果表明,相比刚竹属竹种,福建茶秆竹与狭叶青苦竹对温度降低但降雨增加的青岛适应性更强,且叶质量是叶表型变异的主要因子,可作为竹类植物耐寒性的重要评价指标。

伊犁野果林新疆忍冬表型多样性分析

以伊犁野果林13个不同居群分布的87份新疆忍冬为试材,采用嵌套方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等统计学方法,对枝条、叶片、花、果实的16个表型性状进行分析,研究了新疆忍冬种质资源表型性状的多样性和遗传变异来源,以期为现有新疆忍冬资源的保护、应用及多样化开发提供参考依据。结果表明:供试的87份新疆忍冬种质资源表型平均变异系数为29.00%,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围在1.06~1.89,均具有较大的离散程度。表型分化系数为16.85%~70.68%,伊犁野果林新疆忍冬植物表型变异主要来源于群体间。主成分分析提取5个特征值大于1的主成分,这5个主成分累积贡献率达到56.98%。新疆忍冬表型性状差异的主要因素是叶片各性状,其次是新梢,以及果实的部分性状,花表型影响较小。新疆忍冬各居群聚类结果基本与地理位置相近,乌图布拉克居群较为特殊。综上,新疆忍冬作为伊犁野果林的重要伴生种,对自然环境的适应性较强,多样性较丰富。

青海省东部农业区花椒种质资源调查

为调查青海省的花椒种质资源,文章调查收集了青海省东部农业区7个县(区)的花椒种质资源37份,并对其植物学表型性状、株型、枝条、叶片、果实等进行调查。结果显示,37份花椒种质资源19项表型性状指标的变异系数在7.26%~59.82%之间,整体变异系数平均为18.17%,变异系数最大的指标为单个果穗果实数量,为59.82%;出皮率的变异系数最小,为7.26%。花椒枝条表型性状的变异系数在13.43%~21.94%之间,叶片的表型性状变异系数在14.14%~19.73%之间,果实表型性状的变异系数在7.26%~59.82%之间。37份样本的19个表型性状分析结果,在一定程度上反映了青海省东部农业区花椒种质资源的多样性,为今后深入研究其遗传多样性及开发利用奠定了基础。

Quantitative Genetic Variation in Gum Arabic (Acacia senegal (L) Willd) Provenances

Twelve (12) Acacia senegal provenances were evaluated at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Gum Arabic Sub-Station Gashua, Yobe state. Gum yield and some morphological data were collect in three years to estimate mean effects, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Acacia senegal provenances. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference for all traits. Genetic component analysis showed that both genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PVC) were high for all the traits except bark thickness. PCV was higher in proportion than GCV with respect to all the traits. Gum yield gave the highest relative difference (RD) over other traits. Heritability estimates were high for bark thickness (77.36) and stem diameter (61.75). Expected genetic advance was high in number of tree incision (1.29), stem diameter (1.54) and yield in kg/ha (22.31). This study indicated that there was sufficient genetic variability in Acacia senegal provenances that could be used as a base for improvement of yield and other component attributes of this species through direct selection and hybridization.

New Pineapple Somaclonal Variants: P3R5 and Dwarf

The Food and Agriculture Organization has highlighted pineapple as one of the most important tropical fruits. Since classical pineapple breeding is difficult, biotechnology has emerged as an attractive instrument. We obtained two new pineapple somaclonal variants derived from in vitro culture of cv. Red Spanish Pinar: P3R5 and Dwarf. The AFLP analysis revealed an existing genetic distance. So far 44 phenotype indicators selected due to their relation to a wide range of important agricultural, morphological and physiological processes have been evaluated. P3R5 differed from the donor in 19 variables (19/44;43.18%), while Dwarf varied in 31 indicators (31/44;70.45%). The number of shoots was significantly different among the three plant materials. Dwarf showed two shoots per plant while P3R5 and the donor did not form any shoots. We also observed that water use efficiency, chlorophyll b concentration, total chlorophyll concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll a concentration, thickness of leaf photosynthetic parenchyma, fruit mass with crown, content of free phenolics and superoxide dismutase specific activity were also very different among the three plant materials. The Euclidean distances of each somaclonal variant to the donor plant material taking into consideration the genotype (AFLP) and the phenotype evaluations were also calculated. Regarding the genotype information, P3R5 is separated from cv. Red Spanish Pinar by 2.83 units of Euclidean distance, and Dwarf by 3.00 units. However, the phenotype indicators revealed higher differences: 3.74 in P3R5 and 4.71 in Dwarf. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of pineapple somaclonal variants.

不同居群山桐子果实表型性状变异及与环境因子的关系

以国内14个山桐子居群为研究对象,采用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,探究山桐子果实表型性状变异及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)山桐子的9个果实表型性状在居群间和居群内均有广泛变异,居群间各表型性状的变异系数为6.47%—32.51%,居群内各表型性状的变异系数为4.69%—35.21%。单串果穗重和单串果实重的变异系数较大,单果横径、单果纵径及单果重的变异系数均较小。河南农业大学林木种苗繁育工程技术中心居群表型变异最丰富,四川省方山村居群最小。山桐子果穗表型性状与果实产量性状呈显著正相关,通过聚类分析可将山桐子14个居群分为4个类群,类群Ⅳ中山桐子果实表型性状最为优良,果穗大、单果重,表现出突出的育种优势。(2)山桐子14个居群地土壤pH在5.36—8.49范围内,多数居群土壤为酸性,土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量低。(3)环境因子中全氮对山桐子果实表型性状影响较大,土壤pH、有效磷含量与果实表型性状存在显著相关性。山桐子果实表型性状存在丰富变异,果穗外形对其产量有着显著影响;土壤pH及有效磷含量是影响山桐子果实表型性状的主要土壤养分因子,在生产中或可通过调节土壤酸碱度及有效磷含量来达到增产的目的。

不同种源香合欢种子和叶表型性状变异分析

【目的】通过分析不同种源香合欢种子和叶的表型性状差异,探究其地理变异规律及其环境驱动机制。【方法】以海南、广西、云南4个典型地理种源68个家系的叶片和种子为研究对象,采用多重比较、主成分分析、相关性分析等方法进行研究。【结果】各表型性状种源间叶面积变异系数最高(23.02%),叶片厚度最小(10.70%),种子的千粒重最高(16.54%),种子宽最小(5.15%);种源内云南版纳变异系数最高(16.20%),海南尖峰岭最小(10.87%)。相关性分析表明种子长与其他种子性状均呈极显著相关。结合变异系数,主成分分析和相关性分析,筛选出叶长、第2回羽状复叶叶柄长、叶脉厚、小叶长和种子千粒重、种子宽为表型变异的主要性状。叶片表型受纬度、年均气温和年均日照的影响较大,随纬度升高,年均温和年均日照逐渐降低,叶片增长变薄;种子表型受经度、纬度、海拔、年均温和年均日照影响较大,随着经度的减小,纬度、海拔的升高,年均温和年均日照逐渐降低,种子增宽增重;区域试验结果表明树高与叶长、小叶长、种子千粒重和种子宽显著相关,叶片短、种子狭长轻薄的表型特征下树高优势明显;胸径与叶片长度显著相关,羽叶较长时,胸径优势明显。香合欢表型性状变异广泛,变异来源丰富,在香合欢遗传改良过程中,要充分考虑种源间和种源内的变异分布,结合不同的育种需求选择合适的种群单株。

不同种源麻竹表型多样性及其与环境因子的相关性

以来自福建省、四川省、重庆市、云南省、广西壮族自治区、广东省、贵州省、浙江省和江西省的20个麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)种源为研究对象,采用Duncan s多重比较、巢式方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析等方法,研究不同种源麻竹表型多样性及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:四川富顺种源的株高、胸径和分枝角度最大,云南绥江种源的最长节间长、总节数和胸高处节间长最大,贵州望谟种源的枝下节数、枝下高和丛内株数最大,浙江苍南种源的分枝数最大,广东仁化种源的最长枝长和冠幅最大,广西兴宁种源的叶长、叶宽和叶面积最大,浙江苍南种源的叶厚最大,四川东坡种源的叶长宽比最大;除叶厚外,其余16个表型性状在种源内和种源间均存在极显著差异,麻竹表型存在较为丰富的变异。麻竹各表型性状的变异系数均值在13.64%~67.91%之间,其中,枝下高的变异系数均值最大,最长节间长的变异系数均值最小;不同种源麻竹表型性状的变异系数均值在14.21%~43.93%之间,其中,云南陇川种源的变异系数均值最大,广东仁化种源的变异系数均值最小。麻竹种源内变异(方差分量百分比均值为44.48%)大于种源间变异(方差分量百分比均值为37.25%),表型分化系数均值为41.61%,其中,株高、丛内株数和冠幅的表型分化系数较高,分别为77.47%、76.63%和71.98%。聚类分析结果显示:在欧氏距离6.8处,20个种源可分为3类,即云贵川渝地区一类(包括9个种源)、东南沿海地区一类(包括9个种源)和粤桂地区一类(包括2个种源)。相关性分析结果显示:麻竹多数表型性状与经度、纬度、年均温、年均降水量、极端最高温和年均日照时数呈显著或极显著相关。综上所述,不同种源麻竹表型多样性丰富,种源内变异是麻竹表型变异的主要来源;不同种源麻竹并没有严格依据地理位置聚类,麻竹表型性状变异存在片段性和不连续性。麻竹表型性状与环境因子间的相关性揭示了麻竹东西分布较广、南北分布狭窄的原因。

儿童Gitelman综合征的临床表现和基因变异分析

目的总结Gitelman综合征患儿的临床及基因特点,以提高临床医生对儿童Gitelman综合征的认识和诊治。方法回顾性分析2013年7月~2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的有基因结果的32例Gitelman综合征患儿的临床资料,包括发病及确诊年龄、临床表现、实验室检查及基因变异情况。结果32例Gitelman综合征患儿中,男性23例,女性9例;发病年龄为5.000(3.043,7.628)岁,确诊年龄为8.776±3.528岁;确诊时身高标准差值(H-SDS)为-1.460±1.307SD;临床表现依次是肌肉无力46.9%(15/32),身材矮小37.5%(12/32),手足搐搦25.0%(8/32),多饮多尿21.9%(7/32),呕吐21.9%(7/32),腹痛和肢体麻木均为6.3%(2/32),恶心、四肢酸痛为3.1%(1/32)。实验室检查:100%患儿血钾降低,62.5%(20/32)血镁降低。血钾最低值为2.208±0.432mmol/L,血镁最低值为0.667±0.121mmol/L。血浆肾素(卧位)为12.860±7.239ng/(ml·h),血管紧张素(卧位)为536.500(235.200,700.100)pg/ml,醛固酮(卧位)为21.510(17.705,148.820)mg/L。24h尿钾为2.580±0.800mmol/(kg·24h),24h尿钙为0.020(0.010,0.055)mmol/(kg·24h),其中,血氯及24h尿钙在男女患儿中比较,差异有统计学意义(P分别为0.048和0.035)。32例患儿共检出36种不同SLC12A3变异,仅1例患儿为纯合,27例为复合杂合变异;3例患儿仅发现1个变异,1例患儿为多杂合变异。33.3%为新发变异(12/36),无义变异1例,剪切变异8种,移码变异7种,错义变异20种,最常见变异位点为p.D486N,见于31%(10/32)的患儿。所发现的变异形式在发病年龄、血电解质及肾素和血管紧张素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义,24h尿钾在剪切变异组较移码变异或无义变异组更高(2.338±0.718 vs 3.227±0.477,P=0.019)。结论Gitelman综合征发病年龄可在婴幼儿期,身材矮小是儿童Gitelman综合征的主要临床表现之一,p.D486N是最常见的变异位点。Gitelman综合征患者的基因变异和临床表现异质性很大,24h尿钾在移码或无义变异组与剪切变异组比较,差异有统计学意义。

野豌豆属植物遗传多样性分析

野豌豆属(Vicia)植物是重要的绿肥作物,对其进行种质鉴定并阐明遗传多样性,可为野豌豆属植物资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。本研究测定并分析了9份野豌豆属植物资源的种子表型和核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)的序列,将两者结合对其进行种质鉴定并分析遗传多样性。结果表明,种子表型性状中百粒重的变异系数最大,为63.88%,种子长、种子厚和种脐长/种子长的遗传多样性指数最大,均为1.68;ITS序列分析发现,野豌豆属植物rDNA的5.8S区比较保守,ITS1区和ITS2区的变异位点分别为72和37个,ITS1区变异率为29.6%高于ITS2区的17.5%,ITS单倍型多样性为0.972,核苷酸多样性为0.0324,K2P遗传距离为0.0044~0.5616,种子表观聚类图和ITS序列的系统发育树基本一致。将种子表观与ITS序列特征分析相结合可作为野豌豆属植物材料鉴别区分的依据,9份野豌豆属植物资源间具有丰富的遗传多样性。

不同种源桃金娘表型性状多样性研究

为解析桃金娘表型性状多样性及其种源间关系,该文以20个不同来源的桃金娘为研究对象,在同质园栽培条件下,对其营养器官和花器官表型性状进行观测,采用方差分析、变异分析、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析和聚类分析等方法,探讨不同种源桃金娘表型性状多样性。结果表明:(1)不同种源桃金娘表型性状存在显著差异(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均值在1.35以上,表型性状多样性丰富。(2)种源内表型性状变异系数均值在10.81%~63.75%之间,种源间的变异系数均值在13.08%~74.04%之间,种源间变异(23.33%)高于种源内变异(19.79%),营养器官变异(29.52%)高于花器官变异(14.06%)。(3)部分性状存在极显著或显著相关性,株高与分枝数呈极显著负相关,而与叶长、叶宽和叶面积等却呈显著正相关。(4)在欧式距离10处,20个种源桃金娘可分为A、B、C三类,A类包含8个种源,该类种源表现为植株高大、分枝少、叶大和花大等特征;B类包含11个种源,该类种源表现为株高中等、叶较大和花中等等特征;C类仅包含1个种源,表现为植株低矮、分枝多、叶小和花小等特征。该研究结果为桃金娘新品种选育及目标性状研究提供了理论依据和物质材料。

春石斛种质资源的表型性状及聚类分析

以13份春石斛种质资源为供试材料,对51个表型性状进行数据收集,选择其中27个性状计算变异系数,并对供试材料进行聚类分析,以期揭示春石斛各种质间的亲缘关系及遗传差异。结果表明:13份材料各性状的变异幅度为17.02%~96.57%,表明供试种质各表型性状变异程度较大,存在丰富的遗传信息。基于各表型性状进行聚类分析,在欧氏距离为10处,将13份春石斛供试材料划分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类包括春鸟石斛、甜蜜之月石斛和妮塔卡石斛,第Ⅱ类包括火鸟石斛、中华梦石斛、红火鸟石斛和红梦幻石斛,第Ⅲ类包括粉色吻石斛、铬黄石斛、东方微笑石斛、白檀香石斛、金色巴比伦石斛和黄钻戒石斛。本研究结果可为春石斛新品种选育时亲本选配提供理论基础。

Agromorphological Characterization of 260 Okra Accessions (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Mali

The lack of suitable varieties is a constraint to okra production in West Africa. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of morphological diversity of 260 accessions of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Mali. A total of 25 qualitative and quantitative traits, including plant height, number of branches, pod length, and pod yield, were measured under field conditions. Significant variation was observed for all agronomic traits (p 2 < 60), suggesting that these traits are largely controlled by genetic factors. The pod yield was affected by the incidence of diseases. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four distinct clusters, indicating a broad genetic base. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs targeting improved okra varieties with enhanced yield and resilience, contributing to sustainable agricultural development in Mali.