A novel Ag/ZnO core-shell structure for efficient sterilization synergizing antibiotics and subsequently removing residuals

The massive use of antibiotics has led to the aggravation of bacterial resistance and also brought environmental pollution problems.This poses a great threat to human health.If the dosage of antibiotics is reduced by increasing its bactericidal performance,the emergence of drug resistance is certainly delayed,so that there's not enough time for developing drug resistance during treatment.Therefore,we selected typical representative materials of metal Ag and semiconductor ZnO nano-bactericides to design and synthesize Ag/ZnO hollow core-shell structures(AZ for short).Antibiotics are grafted on the surface of AZ through rational modification to form a composite sterilization system.The research results show that the antibacterial efficiency of the composite system is significantly increased,from the sum(34.7%+22.8%-57.5%)of the antibacterial efficiency of AZ and gentamicin to 80.2%,net synergizes 22.7%,which fully reflects the effect of 1+1>2.Therefore,the dosage of antibiotics can be drastically reduced in this way,which makes both the possibility of bacterial resistance and medical expenses remarkably decrease.Subsequently,residual antibiotics can be degraded under simple illumination using AZ-self as a photocatalyst,which cuts off the path of environmental pollution.In short,such an innovative route has guiding significance for drug resistance.

Modulatory effects of dietary inclusion of garlic(Allium sativum) on gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

Objective:To investigate die ameliorative effect of dietary inclusion of garlic(Allium sativum)on gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods:Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups with sis animals in each group.Groups 1 and 2 were fed basal diet while Groups 3 and 4 were fed diets containing 2%and 4%garlic respeetively for 27 d prior to gentamycin administration.Hepatotoxicity was induced by the intraperitoneal administration at gentamycin(100 mg/kg body weight)for 3 d.The liver and plasma were studied for hepatotoxicity and antioxidant indices.Results:Gentamycin induces hepatic damage as revealed by significant(P<0.05)elevation of liver damage marker enzymes(aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase)and reduction in plasma albumin level.Gentamycin also eaused a significant(P<0.05)alteration in plasma and liver enzymatic(catalase,glutathione and super oxygen dehydrogenises)and non-enzymatic(glutathione and vitamin C)antioxidant indices with concomitant increase in the malondialdehyde content;however,there was a significant(P<0.05)restoration of the antioxidant status coupled with significant(P<0.05)decrease in the tissues malondialdehyde content,following consumption of diets containing garlic.Conclusions:These results suggest that dietary inclusion of garlic powder could protect against gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity,improve antioxidant status and modulate oxidative stress;a function attributed to their phenolic constituents.

Pharmacodynamic study of recombinant human erythropoietin on a renal anemia model induced by gentamycin in rats

ＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｈｕｍａｎｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎｏｎａｒｅｎａｌａｎｅｍｉａｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｇｅｎｔａｍｙｃｉｎｉｎｒａｔｓＣａｏＺｈｉｆａｎｇ（曹之舫）；ＪｉａＬｉｎ（贾林）；Ｊｉ...

Comparative Study of Synergistic Effects of Antibiotics with Triangular Shaped Silver Nanoparticles, Synthesized Using UV-Light Irradiation, on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

In the present work, a comparative study of antibacterial activity and synergistic effects of triangular silver nanoparticles in combination with two standard antibiotics is discussed for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A green route was developed to synthesise silver nanoparticles in which silver oxalate was taken as precursor, black tea leaves extract as surfactant and chitin as a stabilizing agent. A grey coloured colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles was obtained which was characterized by using various techniques like X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Anti-bacterial studies gave approximately equal inhibition zones for both the combinations which states that silver nanoparticles are to be equally effective and synergistic effects were clearly observed in case of P. aeruginosa.

Influence of the nasal mucociliary system on intranasal drug administration

To study the influence of the nasal mucociliary system on intranasal drug administration and ways of reducing its influence on nasal absorption Methods Rabbit nasopharynx was closed to stop mucociliary function in one group In the other group, rabbits maintained their mucociliary function Both groups were given a nasal drip of gentamycin and the serum levels were measured from 0 to 180 minutes after drug administration To reduce the undesirable effects of the nasal mucociliary system, acetylcysteine was mixed into the gentamycin drops In addition, nasal nebulization was evaluated in human volunteers as a means of increasing absorption of the drug in the non ciliary area of the nasal cavity Results Nasal mucociliary function reduced intranasal absorption of drug and made the highest absorbing rate and area under the curve (AUC) decrease by 25 1% and 18 2%, respectively Both the nasal drip containing acetylcysteine and the nebulizer could promote drug absorption in the nasal mucosa The former made the highest intranasal absorption and AUC increase by 18 0% and 10 7%, respectively The latter made the absorption increase 1 5-1 6 times Conclusion The mucociliary system can decrease intranasal drug absorption Application of acetylcysteine or the use of nebulizer can increase drug absorption

Preliminary results of gentamycin combined with sodium bicarbonate for prevention of irinotecan-induced diarrhea

The aim of this paper was to observe the clinical effect of gentamycin combined with sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of irinotecan-induced diarrhea.A total of 98 patients with stage IV cancers were recruited and divided into a prevention group(52 patients)and a control group(46 patients).All patients received the chemotherapy including irinotecan.The prevention group received gentamycin and sodium bicarbonate before the use of irinotecan for 4 days;the control group did not receive any prevention.The use of gentamycin and sodium bicarbonate resulted in signifi-cantly higher stool pH(P<0.001),while the incidence of diarrhea by irinotecan was reduced(prevention group 13.70%versus control group 34.83%;P<0.001).Genta-mycin combined with sodium bicarbonate appears to be useful in preventing the diarrhea induced by irinotecan and reducing the dosage of loperamide andfluid replacement.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON NASAL ABSORPTION OF GENTAMYCIN IN DOGS

Drug absorptive function of the nasal mucosa has been a new and interesting subject of research in bridging rhinology and pharmacology. The authors applied a solution of gentamycin at a concentration of 40 mg/ml to 15 dogs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg for each through three routes of administration, ie, the intravenous, intramuscular and iutranasal. The serum levels of gentamyciu from 0 to 180 minutes after receiving the drug were determined with thin-layer scanning chromatographic method. It was found that if the bioavailability of the intravenous route was considered as 100%, the bioavailability of the intranasal route was 80.5%,and that of the intramuscular route was 42％. After giving drops of the drug into nasal cavity in above-mentioned dosage,the serum drug level reached a peak in 10 to 30 min ranging in 3.7 to 6.6 μg/ml. The half-life period of the drug given through this route was about three hours, indicating that the na sal mucosa is apt to be penetrated by gentamycin and allows the drug to be abso