Genuine entanglement under squeezed generalized amplitude damping channels with memory

We study genuine entanglement among three qubits undergoing a noisy process that includes dissipation, squeezing,and decoherence. We obtain a general solution and analyze the asymptotic quantum states. We find that most of these asymptotic states can be genuinely entangled depending upon the parameters of the channel, memory parameter, and the parameters of the initial states. We study Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) states and W states, mixed with white noise,and determine the conditions for them to be genuinely entangled at infinity. We find that for these mixtures, it is possible to start with a bi-separable state(with a specific mixture of white noise) and end with genuine entangled states. However, the memory parameter μ must be very high. We find that in contrast to the two-qubit case, none of the three-qubit asymptotic states for n → ∞ are genuinely entangled.

Application of Presumptive Consent in Passive Euthanasia

In the criminological system, passive euthanasia is an act that meets the constitutive elements. We should discard the traditional view of distinguishing between acts and omissions, but use genuine consent or presumptive consent under the patient’s right to self-determination as the basis for its justification. In general, the patient’s genuine consent takes precedence, but in case of the unavail-ability of the patient’s genuine consent, his or her presumptive consent should be applied as a substitute. The judgment of presumptive con-sent should follow the subsequence, with the living will of the patient applied first and then the substitute decision-making. If the patient’s personal will cannot be inferred after exhausting all available possi-bilities, the principle of prioritizing the interests of life should prevail, and the ongoing life-sustaining medical care should not be interrupted or terminated.

Problems in Chinese Teachers＇ Instructional Discourse --From the Perspective of Authenticity

In the English language classroom, authenticity is a basic discoursal feature of teachers＇ instructional discourse. Without authenticity, there will be a mismatch between what students learn in the classroom and what they use in real life. However, the notion of authenticity varies with the change between the natural mode and pedagogic mode in the classroom. Therefore, based on this assumption, retrieving and analyzing data from the corpus and classroom videos, the present paper identifies two categories of problems in Chinese teachers＇ instructional discourse. Sample extracts are discussed and predictions are made on how teachers＇ failure to produce authentic discourse may result in ineffective teaching and learning.

Yang Zhu＇s ＂Guiji＂ Yangsheng and Its Modem Relevance

Condemned by Mencius （ca.372-289 BCE） as selfishness （weiwo, 为我）, Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy in China is traditionally depicted as a philosophy of egoism and hedonism. In contrast, Yang Zhu （fl.ca.370-350 BCE） is described as an ＂early liberal or individualist＂ hero in the Western Discussion of Chinese Philosophy. Yang Zhu may not be a liberal or individualist hero as portrayed by the West, but surely he should not be depicted as a promoter of egoism as Mencius did. Both John Emerson and A.C. Graham are probably right when they claimed that Yang Zhu was a revolutionary thinker of his own time; and ＂Yang Zhu＇s intervention for the Chinese thinking world had provoked a metaphysical crisis which had threatened the basic assumptions of Confucianism and Mohism and set them into a new course＂ （A.C. Graham 1978）. From my reading, Yang Zhu＇s influence on Chinese philosophy had been and will be even greater, although his philosophy as a whole was not practiced by Chinese society in the past due to the dominance of Confucianism. Yet as the first person who clearly emphasized nourishing of life for individuals and the first theory that rooted morality into xing （性, human nature）, Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy had indeed through history made a huge contribution to Chinese nurturing life tradition, and had great potential in providing inspiration to modern moral thinking. Many discussions initiated or developed by Yang Zhu and his followers have influenced both Confucianism and Daoism profoundly. His idea of nourishing life was not only inherited and developed by Zhuangzi and later Daoist religion from life preservation perspective, but also by Mencius and Xunzi from moral cultivation perspective. As a doctrine that has shown more and more relevance to modern society, people can find many inspirations from Yang Zhu＇s answer to the following questions： What is the aim of human life？ What is the right attitude toward life and death？ What is human nature？ What is the relationship between life nourishment and individual freedom？ Why nourishing one＇s own life should be as important as nourishing that of others？ What is the difference between humans and animals？ Why living a natural life is so important for human beings？ Based on materials collected from various Chinese sources directly related to Yang Zhu＇s school, especially the chapter entitled as ＂Yang Zhu＂ from the book of Liezi, this paper will explore essential features of Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy and its relevance to modern society. As ＂guiji＂ （贵已, cherishing oneself） is the core of Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy, discussion of this paper will focus on what Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ means, why Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ is not ＂weiwo＂ （为我, for oneself）, and how Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ yangsheng is relevant to modern society.

Schemes for Splitting Quantum Information with Four-Particle Genuine Entangled States

We propose two schemes for splitting single- and two-qubit states by using four-particle genuine entangled state as the quantum channel. After the sender performs Bell-basis （or three-partite GHZ- basis） measurements on her particles, and the cooperators operate single-particle measurements on their particles, the state receiver can reconstruct the original state of the sender by applying the appropriate unitary operation. In particular, in the scheme for splitting two-qubit state, the receiver needs to introduce an auxiliary particle and carries out a C-NOT operation.

Investigation and Green Prevention and Control Strategies of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Diseases in Genuine Producing Area in Zherong County

Zherong County of Fujian Province is a genuine producing area of Pseudostellaria heterophylla,and disease has become a main factor restricting the healthy development of P.heterophylla industry in the county.In order to scientifically understand the occurrence status of agricultural diseases and serve the GAP of P.heterophylla,P.heterophylla diseases in Zherong County were investigated,and the information and regularity of diseases were summarized.P.heterophylla diseases in Zherong County were infectious,and caused by fungi and viruses.The diseases occurred frequently in spring and summer,and symptoms were manifested in pathological changes of leaf and tuber.Eventually,green prevention and control strategies of diseases were put forward:cultivating new disease-resistant varieties,scientifically administrating drugs according to symptoms,administrating drugs in optimum period,strengthening biological control,strictly requiring drug safety period and paying attention to green prevention and control during the planting process.The occurrence of P.heterophylla diseases in Zherong County was investigated and summarized,and the corresponding strategies were put forward,so as to scientifically serve the agricultural industry in P.heterophylla genuine producing area,and to provide a basis for the sustainable development of modern pollution-free planting industry of P.heterophylla.

Approximation properties for the genuine modi ed Bernstein-Durrmeyer-Stancu operators

In this paper,we study on the genuine modified Bernstein-Durrmeyer-Stancu operators Gn(f,x)and investigate some approximation properties of them.Furthermore,we present a Voronovskaja type theorem for these operators.We also give some graphs and numerical examples to illustrate the convergence properties of these operators for certain functions.

Agglomerative Approach for Identification and Elimination of Web Robots from Web Server Logs to Extract Knowledge about Actual Visitors

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of ensemble-based learners for web robot session identification from web server logs. We also perform multi fold robot session labeling to improve the performance of learner. We conduct a comparative study for various ensemble methods (Bagging, Boosting, and Voting) with simple classifiers in perspective of classification. We also evaluate the effectiveness of these classifiers (both ensemble and simple) on five different data sets of varying session length. Presently the results of web server log analyzers are not very much reliable because the input log files are highly inflated by sessions of automated web traverse software’s, known as web robots. Presence of web robots access traffic entries in web server log repositories imposes a great challenge to extract any actionable and usable knowledge about browsing behavior of actual visitors. So web robots sessions need accurate and fast detection from web server log repositories to extract knowledge about genuine visitors and to produce correct results of log analyzers.

Robustness of Genuine Tripartite Entanglement under Collective Dephasing

We study the robustness of genuine multipartite entanglement for a system of three qubits under collective dephasing. Using a computable entanglement monotone for multipartite systems, we find that almost every state is quite robust under this type of decoherence. We analyze random states and weighted graph states at infinity and find all of them to be genuinely entangled.

Influence of the Distribution of Excess Carbide on the Properties of Genuine Damascus Steel

The methods of spectral, x-ray phase and microprobe analysis show that genuine Damascus steel is a high-purity unalloyed high-carbon steel with a high phosphorus content. It is shown that phosphorus in an amount of from 0.1% to 0.2%, having a high liquation coefficient, contributes to the process of segregation of carbon in interdendritic zone in the process of crystallization. Interdendritic zone formed carbon clusters, in the process of forging transform into oblong carbides cementite. The main physical and chemical factors affecting the formation of oblong carbides are revealed. The hardness of carbide layers was determined, which was about 920 HV. The hardness of the troostite matrix was amounted about 475 HV. It is established that the cutting edge of the blade knife of Damascus steel is nothing more than a “micro-saw” consisting of parallel carbide and troostite layers. Tests are conducted on the preservation of the cutting edge sharpness of the blades knife of homogeneous structure of steel У15А (Russian) and the layered structure of genuine Damascus steel Ds15P (Indo-Persian). Found that with little effort cut (to 4 kg) ancient Damascus steel (Ds15P) shows a greater number of cuts than the modern instrument steel У15А. With an increase, force on the cutting edge from 6 kg to 12 kg carbon Tool steel is showed a more number of cutting on the 25% than in genuine Damascus steel. The fatigue crack propagation in the true Layered structure of Damascus steel Ds15P occurs for a greater number of cycles than in a homogeneous structure of the steel У15А. The blade knife of genuine Damascus steel, in terms of fatigue reliability (survivability), has almost 2 times longer service life than the blade knife of the modern carbon tool steel type У15А. It is proved that loss in cutting ability of a genuine Damascus steel compensates increased the reliability (“survivability”) of the blade knife with fatigue loads.

Connecting Quantum Contextuality and Genuine Multipartite Nonlocality with the Quantumness Witness

The Clauser Horne--Shimony-Holt-type noncontextuality inequality and the Svetliehny inequality are derived from the Alicki-van Ryn quantumness witness. Thus connections between quantumness and quantum contextuality, and between quantumness and genuine multipartite nonlocality are established.

Construction of Complete Orthogonal Genuine Multipartite Entanglement State

With the development of quantum information processing, multipartite entanglement measures are needed in many cases. However, there are still no complete orthogonal genuine multipartite entanglement(GME) bases available as Bell states to bipartite systems. To achieve this goal, we find a method to construct complete orthogonal GME states, and we exclude many equivalent states by leveraging the group theory. We also provide the case of a 3-order 3-dimensional Hilbert space as an example and study the application of general results in the dense coding scheme as an application. Moreover, we discuss some open questions and believe that this work will enlighten extensive studies in this field.

Decoherence of genuine multipartite entanglement for local non-Markovian–Lorentzian reservoirs

We study decoherence effects on genuine multipartite entanglement for three and four qubits, spatially separated and subjected to local Lorentzian reservoirs. Employing recent techniques to compute genuine negativity for multipartite systems and an exact solvable model, we analyze the dynamics of genuine entanglement for different coupling bandwidths and detunings. We find that collapses and revivals can occur by varying these parameters for various multipartite quantum states.

DECAY OF POSITIVE WAVES OF HYPERBOLIC BALANCE LAWS

Historically, decay rates have been used to provide quantitative and quali- tative information on the solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws. Quantitative results include the establishment of convergence rates for approximating procedures and numer- ical schemes. Qualitative results include the establishment of results on uniqueness and regularity as well as the ability to visualize the waves and their evolution in time. This work presents two decay estimates on the positive waves for systems of hyperbolic and gen- uinely nonlinear balance laws satisfying a dissipative mechanism. The result is obtained by employing the continuity of Glimm-type functionals and the method of generalized characteristics [7, 17, 241.

Measures of genuine multipartite entanglement for graph states

Graph states are special multipartite entangled states that have been proven useful in a variety of quantum information tasks. We address the issue of characterizing and quantifying the genuine multipartite entanglement of graph states up to eight qubits. The entanglement measures used are the geometric measure, the relative entropy of entanglement, and the logarithmic robustness, have been proved to be equal for the genuine entanglement of a graph state. We provide upper and lower bounds as well as an iterative algorithm to determine the genuine multipartite entanglement.

Generating genuine multipartite entanglement via XY-interaction and via projective measurements

We have studied the generation of multipartite entangled states for the superconducting phase qubits. The experiments performed in this direction have the capacity to generate several specific multipartite entangled states for three and four qubits. Our studies are also important as we have used a computable measure of genuine multipartite entanglement whereas all previous studies analyzed certain probability amplitudes. As a comparison, we have reviewed the generation of multipartite entangled states via von Neumann projective measurements.

Preparation of Genuinely Entangled Six-Atom State via Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

A cavity quantum electrodynamics scheme for preparing a genuinely entangled state [A. Borras, et al., J. Phys. A 40 （2007） 13407] on six two-level atoms is proposed. In the scheme, the atom-cavity detuning is much bigger than the atom-cavity coupling strength and the necessary preparation time is much shorter than the Rydberg-atom lifespan. Hence the scheme has two distinct features, i.e., insensitive to the cavity decay and the atom radiation.

Deterministic Joint Remote Preparation of Arbitrary Four-Particle Genuine Entangled State

A novel deterministic joint remote preparation scheme of arbitrary four-particle genuine entangled state from one sender to either of two receivers is proposed. Two three-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states and one four-particle GHZ state are used as the quantum channel. The presented scheme is realized through orthogonal projective mea-surement of the Hadamard transferred basis and recovery operation Ulijk）. Some useful and general measurement bases have been con-structed. The classical communication cost of the presented scheme is also calculated. Our analysis confirms the feasibility and validity of the proposed method, and shows that it has a 100% probability of success in preparation of the target quantum state.

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Four-Particle Genuine Entangled State and Dense Coding

A quantum secure direct communication scheme using dense coding is proposed.At first,the sender (Alice)prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and shares them with the receiver (Bob) by sending two particles in eachentangled state to him.Secondly,Alice encodes secret information by performing the unitary transformations on herparticles and transmits them to Bob.Finally,Bob performs the joint measurements on his particles to decode the secretinformation.The two-step security test guarantees the security of communication.

Genuine Medicinal Materials and Resources Development in Xinjiang

First of all,this paper introduces the concept,traditional and modern evaluation and conditions of genuine medicinal materials.It focuses on the current situation of genuine medicinal materials in Xinjiang,and suggests that we should strengthen the development,utilization and protection of genuine medicinal resources in Xinjiang from a professional point of view.