The Development of a Geographic Information System(GIS) Database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Its Application

The objective of this paper is to develop a GIS(Geographic Information System) database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve(Jiuzhaigou,hereafter) in China and demonstrate its application as a research tool.A cost-effective procedure was developed to compile a variety of geographical and biological data of the study area in terms of popular GIS format such as shape files.These files were further calibrated and validated using field surveys data.The developed GIS database was used to quantify the distributions of the wildlife(amphibians,mammals,and birds) using the distances of the wildlife to the centerline of the bus-tour routes.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation in space between pairs of different wildlife using the number of habitats for given space contexts.An ArcObject-based macro was developed to perform the analysis.The results showed the majority of the habitats of wildlife are located in the proximity of the tour-bus routes with an average distance ranging from 564 to 894 m depending on types of wildlife.This indicates a possibility of the disturbance to the wildlife by human activities.The correlation coefficient of the wildlife ranged from 0.36 to 0.64 depending on pairs of wildlife,indicating some correlations in space.However,due to the limited sample size,the statistical significances need to be further investigated.This paper has successfully demonstrated the use of the GIS-based database as a research tool for environmental study.

Water Runoff Estimation Using Geographical Information System (GIS) for Alrakhmah Basin Valley Northeast of Iraq

The lack of water resources in many regions is the main challenge for the human being and to extended investigations. Water resources controlling and management is essential in the areas depending on the seasonal rainfall. This research aims to estimate the surface water runoff for Basin of Alrakhmah Valley located in the southwestern part of Kirkuk Province in northeastern of Iraq. Analyzing of Spatial data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the hydrological properties for the watershed valley with 158.5 km2 surface area. The results showed that watershed valley type is from the fifth rank with a longitudinal shape and topography percentage of 0.568. The watershed textures found to be 3.24 and the drain density 1.5 at 3.49 river branching. Finally, the annual estimated surface water retreat according to the morpho-hydro climatic elements found to be 0.01286233 milliard cubic meter.

基于GeoDatabase和ArcSDE的湿地GIS数据库技术研究与应用实例

以松嫩湿地为背景,介绍了GeoDatabase结合ArcSDE技术建立G IS数据库的方法,详细阐述了如何实现属性数据和空间数据一体化存储的理论细节,在此基础上提出了两者的改进连接方案;同时将该方法与传统的G IS数据存储方式相比较来说明其先进性。进而通过实例证明了此数据库技术在应用系统开发中的实用性。

GIS Platform-based Multi-source Information System for Evaluation of Cu, W and Au Resources in the Northern Qilian, China

Based on the information of geology, geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing, the GIS of multi-source information is used to evaluate Cu, W and Au mineral resources in Northern Qilian, China. As the GIS evaluation system works out in the thinking of geological prospecting, its functions include file management, graph edition, database maintenance, information inquiry and comprehensive spatial analysis as well as prospecting target prognosis. Accordingly, the GIS evaluation system can be used directly and conveniently for inquiry and analysis of visual graphs or images.

A Marine Remote Sensing Spatial Database Engine for Web Publishing

To meet the requirements of efficient management and web publishing for marine remote sensing data, a spatial database engine, named MRSSDE, is designed independently. The logical model, physical model, and optimization method of MRSSDE are discussed in detail. Compared to the ArcSDE, which is the leading product of Spatial Database Engine, the MRSSDE proved to be more effective.

The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System （GIS）. This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimension （3D） visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear in this paper, extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

The Geographic Information Grid System Based on Mobile Agent

We analyze the deficiencies of current application systems, and discuss the key requirements of distributed Geographie Information serviee （GIS）, We construct the distributed GIS on grid platform. Considering the flexibility and efficiency, we integrate the mobile agent technology into the system. We propose a new prototype system, the Geographic Information Grid System （GIGS） based on mobile agent. This system has flexible services and high performance, and improves the sharing of distributed resources. The service strategy of the system and the examples are also presented.

Developing a Web-Based Water Distribution Geospatial Information System for Nairobi Northern Region

This research aimed at developing a web system that will allow effective dissemination, extraction and analysis of water utilities information over the internet. The northern region, one of the administrative regions of the Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company was used as a case study. The research has customized and integrated an open source WebGIS system based on Quantum GIS for spatial data creation, MapServer as a web GIS server and PostgreSQL/PostGIS as a relational database. GeoMOOSE was used for the development of an interactive and friendly geographic user interface. The developed system enables users to view and interact with the spatial data. The research focused on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the decision making process and data sharing.

Development of a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Mass Land Valuation: A Case Study of Westlands Constituency, Nairobi County

The development of a web-based Geographic Information System for mass property valuation was the main focus of this research. The developed web GIS allows effective dissemination, extraction and analysis of mass land valuation information over the Internet. It also allows for automation of the mass property valuation process by compiling a centralized mass valuation roll database. The Westlands Constituency, one of the administrative regions of the Nairobi City County was used as a case study. The research focused on automation of the mass property valuation roll by creating a centralized database that is accessible by all users on the web-based GIS portal. This was done by customizing and integrating a web-based GIS system based on open source QuantumGIS, GeoServer and PostgreSQL/PostGIS as a relational database. Leaflets APIs were used for the development of an interactive and friendly geographic user interface. The developed system enables users to view and interact with the spatial data. This improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the decision making process and data sharing for mass property valuation and optimal property taxation purposes.

Site Suitability Evaluation for Sustainable Distribution of Hospital Using Spatial Information Technologies and AHP: A Case Study of Upper Egypt, Aswan City

Site selection for location of a hospital is one of the crucial policy-related decisions taken by the government. In upper Egypt, the cities suffer from a shortage and bad distribution of hospital site. The selection of the appropriate hospital site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation factor. We develop a Multi-Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS) process that combines Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and use this process to determine the optimum site for a new hospital in the Aswan urban area. Based on actual conditions Aswan city, we used three main factors and seven sub-factors. The main factors are urban, environmental and economic factors. An application adopting AHP process was developed to calculate weights of every factor. Spatial analysis in GIS was used to overlay and generate factors maps and suitability evaluation map. All maps are classified from 1 (low suitable) to 5 (high suitable) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites are divided by best, good and unsuitable hospital areas. Best hospital site represents optimal sites;good hospital site can be used as back-up candidate sites. The study was found that best area (S3) is about 30%, and most of these are located in the south part of the study area;good area (S2) is about 58%, and most of these are located in the central part of the study area;unsuitable area (S1) is about 12%, and most of these are located in the Eastern and Western parts of the study area. Finally, the study ends with an assessment of proposed sites.

ArcGIS Spatial ETL工具在基础地理信息数据库建设中的应用

在基础地理信息数据库建设生产过程中,多个工序涉及数据的转换、重构、合并等操作。利用ArcGIS提供的Spatial ETL工具可以实现这些操作的自动化与批量化执行,同时它基于FME的空间语义映射原则,可以确保数据在转换过程中高效、可靠。因此,在测绘实际生产中应用Spatial ETL工具,可以提高生产效率,降低人工粗差,进而提升产品质量。

Discussions about Construction of Agricultural Ecological Geochemical Survey Database

[Objectives]To realize proper,update and dynamic analysis of the results of ecological geochemical survey,and provide useful information for government macro-decisions,land resources planning,agricultural structure adjustment,ecological environment monitoring,governance and evaluation.[Methods]This paper conducted the analysis with the aid of the computer database technology and GIS technology,as well as the regional geochemical database information system(GeoMDIS)developed by the Development Research Center of the China Geological Survey.[Results]It established a database of agricultural ecological geochemical survey in the lower Yellow River Basin of Shandong Province,realized the collection,storage,update and statistical analysis management of various sample data.[Conclusions]Through the discussion on the construction of agricultural ecological geochemical survey database,it is expected to provide an effective information platform for the future use of these data to serve government macro-decisions,land and resource planning,agricultural structure adjustment,ecological environment improvement,monitoring,governance and evaluation.

基于GIS的土壤墒情信息采集与监测系统

文章详细描述一个由微控制器建立的农田土壤墒情监测系统,该系统主要包括STM8S系列微控制器、土壤湿度传感器、DS18B20温度传感器、4G网络模块、北斗导航模块以及环境传感器等部分,能够实时收集农田土壤和空气的温湿度以及大气压力数据。该系统通过网络模块将收集的传感器信息传输至服务器,并用北斗系统对采集地点进行卫星定位。通过GIS软件,系统能实时追踪土壤湿度状况,并构造出土壤墒情的空间分布图。农户可通过手机APP实时查看土壤墒情信息,并通过APP的数据分析来确定农田的供给情况,并做出反应。经过实际测试,该系统操作简洁、性能稳定,可以帮助农户管理农田。

基于GIS格网模型的广州市土地生态安全格局演化

以公里格网为评价单元,构建基于PSR-NES(压力-状态-响应和经济-环境-社会)模型的土地生态安全测度指标体系,运用突变级数法动态识别2010—2020年广州市土地生态安全格局。结果表明:广州土地生态安全水平空间异质性较为明显,整体呈现“中间低,四周高”的分布格局;2010—2020年,广州市土地生态安全水平先下降后提高,其中,北部生态涵养区土地生态安全水平呈下降趋势,南部生态调节区土地生态安全状况逐渐好转,中部建成区土地生态安全状况不容乐观。未来城镇扩张应尽量避免侵占土地生态安全水平较高的区域,可通过分区治理,科学布局生产、生活、生态空间,优化产业结构,加强生态用地保护力度等措施持续改善土地生态安全状况。

Spatial quality evaluation for drinking water based on GIS and ant colony clustering algorithm

To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.

Application of GIS-Based Spatial Filtering Method for Neural Tube Defects Disease Mapping

This study is to assess the prevalence rates spatial pattern of neural tube defects with geographic information system and spatial filtering technique. A total of 80 infants who diagnosed from neural tube defects in the area being studied between 1998 and 2001 were analyzed. Firstly, the geographic information system （GIS） software ArcGIS was used to map the crude prevalence rates. Secondly, the data were smoothed by the method of spatial filtering. We evaluated that the effect of changes in spatial filtering radius size was assessed by creating maps based on various filtering radius sizes. The 3 miles or larger filtering radius gives better section variability than the 2 and 2.5 miles or smaller ones. The maps produced by the spatial filtering technique indicate that prevalence rates in the villages in the southeastern region are to produce higher prevalence than that in the other regions. The smoothed maps based on Heshun County display a more adequate data representation than the raw prevalence rate map.

Spatial Estimation of Rainfall Distribution and Its Classification in Duhok Governorate Using GIS

Rainfall is a significant portion of hydrologic data. Rainfall records, however, are often incomplete due to several factors. In this study, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method integrated with GIS is used to estimate the rainfall distribution in Duhok Governorate. A total of 25 rain fall stations and rainfall data between 2000 and 2010 were used, where 6 rainfall stations were used for cross-validation. In addition, the relationship between interpolation accuracy and two critical parameters of IDW (Power α value, and a radius of influence) was evaluated. Also, the rainfall distribution of Duhok Governorate was classified. As an output of this study and in most cases, the optimal parameters for IDW in interpolating rainfall data must have a radius of influence up to (15 - 60 km). However, the optimal α values varied between 1 and 5. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that the IDW is an appropriate method of spatial interpolation to predict the probable rainfall data in Duhok Governorate using α = 1 and search radius = 105 km for all the 25 rainfall stations.

GIS-Based Spatial Analysis for the Integrated Transport-Land Use-Energy Planning:An Application to the Greater London

This work focuses on examining the possible advantages for the urban sustainability,derived from the integration of transport,land use and energy systems.The main aim is to develop a GIS-based method that can help decision makers,either public or private,improve the economic,social and environmental sustainability of urban areas through an integrated transformation approach.As a result,it was possible to provide a spatial analysis technique based on seven synthetic variables and on the application of a cluster method able to identify the portions of urban areas where investments and urban integrated transformation processes can be more suitable,according to the dynamic relationships among transport,land use and energy systems.The methodology was applied to the Greater London area and led to significant results:the cluster classes follow the transport railway network evolution within the study area boundary.The paper is organized as follows:in Section 1 the integration of transport,land use and energy planning is investigated;following the introduction,in Section 2,the GIS-based method is presented,followed by a description of the application to the Greater London area;in Section 4,findings of the methodology are explained.In the last section,results and future developments are discussed.

基于GIS技术的巴东新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划

基于ArcGIS8软件平台开发了三峡库区巴东县新城区滑坡灾害信息系统,通过全面分析巴东新城区滑坡灾害的地形条件,工程地质岩组、构造与斜坡结构类型、人类工程活动、水的作用等影响因素,建立了相应的滑坡灾害危险性评价指标体系。采用基于GIS技术的信息量模型和敏感性评价方法,实现了巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划,其中,高危险区面积3.30km2,占7.1%;中危险区面积5.77km2,占12.4%;低危险区面积16.40km2,占35.3%;基本安全面积21.05km2,占45.2%,可以作为巴东新城区城镇建设规划和减灾防灾的参考依据。

基于移动GIS的棉田病虫害信息采集系统

为了减少棉田病虫害对棉花造成的损失,对其进行防控是种植过程中的重要环节,及时有效地采集病虫害信息是对其监测、预测的前提和基础。传统模式下通过人工填写纸质表格采集数据,时空差异性大、统计繁琐、耗时耗力。该文基于移动GIS,以当前主流的Android/IOS手机操作系统为平台,运用GPS定位、离线地图加载、图形绘制等技术实现了病虫害发生位置及属性信息的快速采集,位置精度可达15 m。通过采用定义JSON模板,实现了异构平台数据的一致性,并通过无线网络发送信息至服务端的时空数据库,从而实现了空间数据与属性数据的聚合存储,数据从发送至入库可在5 s内完成。服务端运用空间插值对数据进行分析、处理及可视化表达,并将结果推送给移动终端用户,从而提供病虫害监测、预测服务,准确度可达70%以上。初步应用表明,该系统具有用户参与度好、实时性强、位置精确、经济便捷等特点,为农作物病虫害信息采集及农情监测提供参考。