Geographical Information System-Based Assessment of Ecological Security in Changbai Mountain Region

Ecological security defined as the creation of a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock,which is important for regional security and social stability.In recent years,land use patterns in the Changbai Mountain region have changed significantly with intensive human activities,and consequently led to increasing problems in regional ecological security.Based on the Pressure-State-Impact-Response(PSIR) model and the mathematical method of catastrophe progression supported by geographical information system(GIS),the ecological security situation of the study area under land use and cover change(LUCC) was evaluated.The results indicated that the ecological security in Changbai Mountain region varied nonlinearly,which got better from 1990 to 2000 but became worse from 2000 to 2007,the ecological security levels in Changbai Mountain region were mainly medium and medium to low during the past 17 years,with higher values of Ecological Security Index(ESI) in the central region and lower values in the east and west,the ecological security situation was more serious in the settlements and river valleys,where the LUCC was most remarkable.

Comprehensive assessment method for environmental impact of railway based on geographic information system

By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.

基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建

定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。

基于GIS的历史文化街区应急疏散能力可视化评估研究

为评估历史文化街区在旅游高峰期的应急疏散能力,探究街区的应急疏散风险区域。研究从点-线-面的角度出发,考虑行人特征因素、街巷路网因素和建筑结构因素,构建应急疏散能力评价模型。采用ANP-EWM综合评估方法确定各因素权重值,应用GIS技术进行因素可视化分级处理。在此基础上,采用空间分析方法,对单因素分级分析赋权重后进行加权叠加处理,得到历史文化街区应急疏散能力的可视化数据。以西安回民街为例进行实证分析,探究街区应急疏散能力风险区域。研究结果表明:所构建模型可以实现对研究区界的应急疏散能力可视化分级评估,反映回民街不同等级疏散风险情况。研究结果可为景区应急疏散与制定安全管理措施提供参考。

基于GIS格网模型的广州市土地生态安全格局演化

以公里格网为评价单元,构建基于PSR-NES(压力-状态-响应和经济-环境-社会)模型的土地生态安全测度指标体系,运用突变级数法动态识别2010—2020年广州市土地生态安全格局。结果表明:广州土地生态安全水平空间异质性较为明显,整体呈现“中间低,四周高”的分布格局;2010—2020年,广州市土地生态安全水平先下降后提高,其中,北部生态涵养区土地生态安全水平呈下降趋势,南部生态调节区土地生态安全状况逐渐好转,中部建成区土地生态安全状况不容乐观。未来城镇扩张应尽量避免侵占土地生态安全水平较高的区域,可通过分区治理,科学布局生产、生活、生态空间,优化产业结构,加强生态用地保护力度等措施持续改善土地生态安全状况。

基于遥感和GIS的水资源调查与评价方法研究

探讨基于遥感和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术的水资源调查与评价方法,旨在提高水资源管理的效率和准确性。使用遥感技术进行数据采集和处理,以及利用GIS进行空间数据的管理和分析,研究内容涵盖了水资源量的计算、水质评价、水资源管理策略等方面。结果显示,遥感和GIS技术能有效提供水资源量化评估,识别和分析水质状况,支持水资源的合理分配和可持续利用。遥感和GIS技术在水资源调查和管理中展现出巨大的潜力,但也面临数据精度、处理复杂性和成本效益的挑战。未来研究需要集成跨学科知识,优化技术应用,以更全面、高效地解决全球水资源问题。

Accuracy Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote sensing is one of the tool which is very important for the production of Land use and land cover maps through a process called image classification. For the image classification process to be successfully, several factors should be considered including availability of quality Landsat imagery and secondary data, a precise classification process and user’s experiences and expertise of the procedures. The objective of this research was to classify and map land-use/land-cover of the study area using remote sensing and Geospatial Information System (GIS) techniques. This research includes two sections (1) Landuse/Landcover (LULC) classification and (2) accuracy assessment. In this study supervised classification was performed using Non Parametric Rule. The major LULC classified were agriculture (65.0%), water body (4.0%), and built up areas (18.3%), mixed forest (5.2%), shrubs (7.0%), and Barren/bare land (0.5%). The study had an overall classification accuracy of 81.7% and kappa coefficient (K) of 0.722. The kappa coefficient is rated as substantial and hence the classified image found to be fit for further research. This study present essential source of information whereby planners and decision makers can use to sustainably plan the environment.

Spatial assessment for groundwater quality based on GIS and improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment with entropy weights

The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.

A Review of Mineral Resources and GIS Applications in Mineral Resource Assessment in Northeast China

Northeast China is one of the regions in China that possesses a great abundance of mineral resources. Coal. petroleum, natural gas, gold, iron, magnesite, graphite, talc, molding sand, glass sand and some others account for large portion in reserves and yields of that in the whole country. The region faced also shortages of copper, molybdenum, oil shale, zirconium, tantalum, rare earth, and beryllium, although they have large reserves, but limited by economical and technical factors. Geological mapping and mineral exploration activities have been intensive. Only the north part of Daxinanling Mountains in the region leaves unexplored. GIS applications in mineral resource assessment in the region start not long. Databases for GIS applications are on the way of construction. Well - trained technical staff and expertise do not meet the demand. This article reviews the situation of mineral resources and GIS applications for mineral resource assessment in the region. Suggestions on multi - lateral cooperation and GIS training are also made.

A GIS-based mapping method on distribution of critical Ecological Situation in China

Concerned with the Critical Ecological Situation in China, according to the concept of the critical Environment and Endangerment, a set of indicators of Ecological Critical Situation has been set up. And with the powerful systematic analytical tool, GIS, a map of it in China by county unit has been worked out.

基于GIS与AHP分析法的单叶蔷薇生态适宜性评价

生态适宜性评价可了解自然资源的生态潜力和发展制约因素。根据单叶蔷薇的生物学特性,结合研究区气候资源时空分布特征,以新疆塔城4县市(塔城市、托里县、额敏县、裕民县)为研究区域,选取土地利用类型、海拔、年均温度、最冷季度平均温度、年均降雨量、最干月份降水量、土壤pH值、距道路距离、距河流距离9个因子作为生态适宜性评价指标,生态适宜性因子权重通过层次分析法(AHP)确定,基于地理信息系统(GIS)对单叶蔷薇的气候生态适宜性及空间分布进行了分析。结果表明:研究区内单叶蔷薇生态适宜性总体良好,极适宜、高适宜区域呈现以塔额盆地为分布的中心,南部山地西南坡有少数分布的特点,极、高、中、低适宜区分别占比30.7%、23.8%、36.9%、8.6%。采用这种方法,能快速有效地解构单叶蔷薇的野外分布适宜区,为保护单叶蔷薇、增加其栖息地提供依据。

GIS及层次分析法的南平凤山森林公园生态敏感性评价

以南平凤山森林公园为研究区,选取海拔、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖度、水域缓冲区、道路缓冲区和土地利用类型7个生态因子,采用层次分析法(AHP)和地理信息系统GIS空间分析法得到研究区生态敏感性综合评价。结果表明:植被覆盖度是影响研究区生态敏感性的最主要因子,其次是坡度、土地利用类型、水域缓冲区、海拔、道路缓冲区、坡向。高度敏感、较高度敏感、中度敏感、较低敏感、低敏感区占研究区面积比分别为25.7%、38.8%、22.3%、3.6%、9.6%。可见,生态敏感性主要集中在高度敏感和较高度敏感区,占比合计64.5%。对研究区进行生态敏感性评价,针对不同的生态敏感分区提出不同的保护和利用策略,以期为后续生态开发建设和森林康养提供参考。

Urban flood risk assessment under rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou City,China

With accelerated urbanization and climate change,urban flooding is becoming more and more serious.Flood risk assessment is an important task for flood management,so it is crucial to map the spatial and temporal distribution of flood risk.This paper proposed an urban flood risk assessment method that takes into account the influences of hazard,vulnerability,and exposure,by constructing a multi-index urban flood risk assessment framework based on Geographic Information System(GIS).To determine the weight values of urban flood risk index factors,we used the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Also,we plotted the temporal and spatial distribution maps of flood risk in Zhengzhou City in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The analysis results showed that,the proportion of very high and high flood risk zone in Zhengzhou City was 1.362%,5.270%,4.936%,12.151%,and 24.236%in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,respectively.It is observed that the area of high flood risk zones in Zhengzhou City showed a trend of increasing and expanding,of which Dengfeng City,Xinzheng City,Xinmi City,and Zhongmu County had the fastest growth rate and the most obvious increase.The flood risk of Zhengzhou City has been expanding with the development of urbanization.The method is adapted to Zhengzhou City and will have good adaptability in other research areas,and its risk assessment results can provide a scientific reference for urban flood management personnel.In the future,the accuracy of flood risk assessment can be further improved by promoting the accuracy of basic data and reasonably determining the weight values of index factors.The risk zoning map can better reflect the risk distribution and provide a scientific basis for early warning of flood prevention and drainage.

基于GIS的岩溶区土地生态适宜性评价——以平果市为例

以平果市为研究对象,从自然条件、生态安全及社会经济3个方面14个指标构建岩溶区土地生态适宜性评价模型,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能进行运算并将结果分为3个等级。研究结果表明:全市适宜建设用地、一般适宜建设用地和不适宜建设用地分别占全县总面积的40.27%、30.40%、29.30%;在空间分布上,各等级的分布与区域地貌密切相关,适宜区主要分布于平果市南部的码头镇、海城乡、四塘镇,一般适宜区主要分布于太平镇、新安镇,不适宜区集中分布在太平镇、凤梧乡、海城乡。研究结果可为平果市的城镇建设提供科学依据。

运用基于GIS技术的环境应急指挥调度系统处置突发环境事件

为了能快速、妥善地处置突发环境事件,切实保障人民群众生命安全与健康,维护人民群众生态环境权益,运用基于GIS技术的环境应急指挥调度系统,将地图数据与应急资源相结合,建立应急资源共享机制,减少信息孤岛,计算救援距离,预测事故影响范围来帮助应急指挥人员进行应急指挥决策。

基于GIS-SAVEE模型的工业型城市火灾风险评估

建立基于GIS的核密度分析和SAVEE方法的城市火灾风险评估模型,选取辽宁省盘锦市作为评估区域,将收集到的兴趣点(POI)数据分为六类作为火灾风险因子,并将评估结果通过可视化图像表示,研究结果表明:该城市潜在火灾风险较高区域主要为大洼区,其次是兴隆台区,双台子区以及盘山县相对来说风险较低,评估结果与盘锦市实际情况一致,说明该方法对工业型城市火灾风险评估的适用性及有效性。

ArcGIS在环境影响评价中的应用

项目的环境影响评价很多方面会涉及到到空间位置,同时,在编制环境评价报告书/表时,根据相关要求,需制作相关图件。ArcGIS是目前最流行的地理信息系统平台软件,具备相对可靠且严谨的制图功能,优势明显。本文根据项目环境影响评价的实践经验,结合实际案例,挖掘行业内拥有推广价值的7种ArcGIS技术及其应用,供同行借鉴。

Design a New Model to Evaluate the Ecological Potential Land for Urban Development and Service (City of Zanjan)

This study aimed to design a new ecological model to be used in ecological land evaluation studies, using careful planning and sustainable resource in the region to develop a sustainable and comprehensive guide. The results show that the study area has grade 1 and 2 urban sustainable planning. Capability Grade 1 has area 149,724.25 hectares equal 22.2% that is stretched from East to West Range. Capability Grade2 has area about 18533.28 hectares equal 2.7% that located in the South, East and South-East. The results show that the greater extent of this range is the unsustainable site, which extends over 506,664.81 hectares, equivalent to 75.1% that areas compliance by the Environmental Protection area. Another important result of this study is unsuitable area for urban development and the range of services already seating workshops and industrial units. This is due to the arrival of adverse environmental effects. Therefore, this study has been focusing on reform of the status of land of use and the optimal use of the ecological potential.

Study on Low Hilly Cities Land Suitability Evaluation Method Based on Ecological Considerations—A Case Study of Longfeng New Town in Sichuan

Attention to the development of low hilly cities increases, in order to guide their development towards efficient and ecological land use. This paper takes eco-safety into consideration in the future layout of land for construction, and incorporates ecological security factors into traditional methods of land suitability evaluation based on topographic conditions. Taking the Longfeng New Town in Suining City as an example, the GIS platform is used to superimpose various evaluation factors. The evaluation index system is determined using the combination of the Delphi Technique and AHP. The result of correcting traditional land suitability evaluation is obtained, which provides decision support for improving the scientificity of land use planning and layout.

基于GIS的区域生态连接度评价方法及应用

快速城市化过程使区域生态用地日益破碎,导致生物多样性不断降低,威胁土地生态安全。对快速城市化地区土地利用及规划进行生态连接度评价,并为土地管理提供决策支持,成为保障区域土地生态安全的必然选择。该文利用第二次全国土地调查数据及土地利用总体规划数据,在生态功能区识别的基础上,采用生态连接度指数对曹妃甸新区土地利用现状和规划情景进行生态连接度评价,评价土地利用对区域土地生态功能联系的影响并提出改善建议。结果表明:曹妃甸新区中等以上生态连接区域仅占曹妃甸新区的56.45%,且呈明显破碎化和孤岛化分布;在7 714.71 hm2规划新增城市用地中有2 027.25 hm2对区域生态连接度影响显著,这些区域应进行生态功能保护和提升。加强对区域重要生态用地的保护、利用现存生态资源对景观进行生态重建、强化建成区内部绿地网络建设是提高曹妃甸新区生态连接度水平的有效途径。研究成果对区域生态保护和建设工作具有重要参考价值。