Combining Geographic Information Systems for Transportation and Mixed Integer Linear Programming in Facility Location-Allocation Problems

In this study, we aimed to assess the solution quality for location-allocation problems from facilities generated by the software TransCAD®?, a Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T). Such facilities were obtained after using two routines together: Facility Location and Transportation Problem, when compared with optimal solutions from exact mathematical models, based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), developed externally for the GIS. The models were applied to three simulations: the first one proposes opening factories and customer allocation in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil;the second involves a wholesaler and a study of location and allocation of distribution centres for retail customers;and the third one involves the location of day-care centers and allocation of demand (0 - 3 years old children). The results showed that when considering facility capacity, the MILP optimising model presents results up to 37% better than the GIS and proposes different locations to open new facilities.

Changes in Land Use, Socioeconomic Indices, and the Transportation System in Gifu City and their Relevance during the Late 20th Century

History provides valuable lessons for the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in land use, socioeconomic indices, and the transportation system of Gifu City during the late 20th century using geographical information system (GIS) methods. The data for the study were historical maps and the population census and economic statistics data from 1950 to 2000, when Japan was in a period of high economic growth. The discussion focuses on the master plan, road construction, land use, the spatial distribution of the population, and socioeconomic indices. It was possible to compare spatial distribution patterns over time using GIS. When policies were created that attached importance to construction of a road network due to the development of motorization and elimination of the city tram, the surrounding suburban area became the focus of land-use development. As a result, Gifu City is plagued by the doughnut phenomenon. It is important to identify the relationships among urban planning factors to provide for future urban and transportation planning.

Location Evaluation of Childcare Facilities Focusing on Transportation in Japanese Urban Areas

In recent Japan, as there has been an increase of dual-income households and the demand for childcare facilities has especially increased especially in urban areas, childcare facilities and workers are lacking and it leads to the serious issue of children on waiting lists. Based on the background mentioned above, using statistical method, geographical information system (GIS) and public open data, scenario analysis to select transportation, the present study aimed to propose a method to quantitatively evaluate the current location of childcare facilities in Japanese urban areas. In the present study, the model of the p-median problem used to obtain the optimal location of facilities was modified, and a method to evaluate the current situation concerning the shortage or overage of childcare facilities by district was proposed. As evaluations are conducted using quantitative data such as the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts, the evaluation results are also quantitative, making it an effective indicator for evaluating the locations of childcare facilities. Additionally, the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts were calculated based on public open data. Therefore, the evaluation method in the present study has a high temporal reproducibility as well as spatial reproducibility.

城市交通综合信息平台GIS-T数据组织关键技术

交通综合信息平台的建设已经成为各大城市信息化建设的重点,而平台建设的核心又在于交通地理信息(GIS-T)数据库。根据GIS-T数据库在整个信息平台中所起到的作用,详细讨论了在支持数据可视化、各类数据的组织与管理以及数据存储模型等方面的关键技术和实现方法,对整个交通综合信息平台的建设具有指导意义和参考价值。

城市区域交通网络的GIS-T构建方法研究与应用

构建城市区域交通网络是进行区域交通规划的基础,区域交通线网数据种类繁多,其存储、显示、管理过程复杂。运用GIS-T技术辅助建立的交通网络层次清晰,直观性强且易于操作。结合长沙洋湖垸区域案例探讨了基于GIS-T的交通网络系统的构建方法,通过矢量图形和数据库相结合实现了区域网络编辑和属性数据处理的可视化,在TransCAD仿真平台上实现了网络数据的可视化输入、编辑及方案优化。借助GIS-T可以及时更新区域交通网络信息,为区域交通网络运输系统的规划、设计提供准确、完备的测试数据。

枢纽工程可视化交互平台搭建与应用

枢纽工程可视化交互平台是一种基于计算机技术和虚拟现实技术的设计管理展示工具,可以帮助枢纽工程设计及管理人员更加直观、高效地进行方案设计协作和沟通交流。可视化交互平台承载了建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)、地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)等规划模型,涉及方案图纸、图片、视频等多媒体格式。平台预设多种枢纽工程设计应用程序,可以有效辅助设计场景分析、复杂地铁线站位选择等。交互平台可以与各种传感器进行连接,实现平台的智能物联功能。香蜜湖枢纽作为深圳市具有国际影响力的重点片区,将打造综合性地下枢纽群。可视化交互平台将在香蜜湖枢纽工程规划和建设中发挥重要作用。基于此,介绍香蜜湖枢纽可视化交互平台的搭建和应用过程,为其他枢纽工程数字化应用、数字城市的建设提供参考。

基于Arcgis垃圾收运线路优化研究

为了优化城市垃圾收运线路,以某市辖区为试验区,基于Arcgis软件平台,模拟垃圾收运线路数据,利用软件网络分析中的车辆配送(VRP)分析工具,建立试验区可视化的运输体系和较为优化的收运线路模型。模拟结果提高了垃圾收运效率、控制了运行成本。

基于特征的GIS-T非平面数据模型初探

介绍了基于特征的GIS概念,在剖析传统GIS的“弧段-结点”数据结构用于交通网络分析主要缺陷的基础上,提出了基于特征的GIS-T非平面数据模型,并尝试构建该模型,从而使得原本难以满足复杂现实交通网络模拟和分析要求的数据结构得以改变。

基于GIS-T的智能公交信息系统设计

对当前我国公交信息采集与处理技术现状进行了简要分析,研究提出基于GIS-T的城市智能化公交信息系统,较全面地论述了该信息系统的设计目标、功能需求与数据流程,并对公交地理信息的采集和输入、公交地图数据库建立以及公交数据分析与处理等关键技术进行了探讨。

基于GIS及GIS-T的公路地质灾害信息管理系统研究

GIS-T系统能形象地评价、预测和预报地质灾害,为公路建设管理部门有效控制和防治地质灾害、降低地质灾害造成的损失提供科学决策的依据。

Transportation Mode Identification with GPS Trajectory Data and GIS Information

Global Positioning System(GPS) trajectory data can be used to infer transportation modes at certain times and locations. Such data have important applications in many transportation research fields, for instance,to detect the movement mode of travelers, calculate traffic flow in an area, and predict the traffic flow at a certain time in the future. In this paper, we propose a novel method to infer transportation modes from GPS trajectory data and Geographic Information System(GIS) information. This method is based on feature extraction and machine learning classification algorithms. While using GIS information to improve inference accuracy, we ensure that the algorithm is simple and easy to use on mobile devices. Applied to GeoLife GPS trajectory dataset, our method achieves 91.1% accuracy while inferring transportation modes, such as walking, bike, bus, car, and subway, with random forest classification algorithm. GIS features in our method improved the overall accuracy by 2.5% while raising the recall of the bus and subway transportation mode categories by 3.4% and 18.5%. We believe that many algorithms used in detecting the transportation modes from GPS trajectory data that do not utilize GIS information can improve their inference accuracy by using our GIS features, with a slight increase in the consumption of data storage and computing resources.

GIS-T中电子地图海量数据组织研究

交通地理信息系统(Geographic Information System for Transportation,GIS-T)对解决我国城市建设的不断发展,城市规模越来越大,使得城市交通系统压力越来越大等这些问题大有帮助,相应的提高交通运输行业的效率,带来巨大的经济效益。其中,数据组织是GIS-T研究的核心内容,将探讨电子地图显示中一种多级比例尺地图数据的构建方式,并设计了一种高效的数据组织结构,实现全国海量地图数据的多级缩放和地图操作的快速响应,提高了访问数据和显示数据的速度。

GIS-Based Spatial Analysis for the Integrated Transport-Land Use-Energy Planning:An Application to the Greater London

This work focuses on examining the possible advantages for the urban sustainability,derived from the integration of transport,land use and energy systems.The main aim is to develop a GIS-based method that can help decision makers,either public or private,improve the economic,social and environmental sustainability of urban areas through an integrated transformation approach.As a result,it was possible to provide a spatial analysis technique based on seven synthetic variables and on the application of a cluster method able to identify the portions of urban areas where investments and urban integrated transformation processes can be more suitable,according to the dynamic relationships among transport,land use and energy systems.The methodology was applied to the Greater London area and led to significant results:the cluster classes follow the transport railway network evolution within the study area boundary.The paper is organized as follows:in Section 1 the integration of transport,land use and energy planning is investigated;following the introduction,in Section 2,the GIS-based method is presented,followed by a description of the application to the Greater London area;in Section 4,findings of the methodology are explained.In the last section,results and future developments are discussed.

基于GIS的特长公路隧道火灾风险管理研究

为有效降低隧道火灾发生风险,构建较为完善的公路隧道火灾风险评估体系,进而对火灾风险实现更加科学的管理,创新性地将GIS技术应用在特长公路隧道火灾风险管理中。首先分析了GIS应用于隧道火灾风险管理的优势,具体介绍了基于GIS的隧道火灾风险管理方法,结合ArcGIS实现隧道火灾风险评价与等级划分;其次,构建基于GIS技术的隧道风险管理系统并对应用端的操作进行了说明;最后,针对隧道火灾建立了危险性、脆弱性、暴露度及防灾减灾能力4个一级指标、33个二级指标的风险评价模型,运用熵值法和改进模糊综合评价方法对太古西山隧道、阳泉市北茹隧道进行了火灾风险评价并进行电子地图显示。研究表明:基于GIS的火灾风险评价模型可有效实现隧道火灾的危险性分析、暴露度分析、脆弱性分析以及防灾减灾能力分析,并结合实例研究验证了此系统的可行性,以期为特长隧道火灾风险综合管理和应急响应提供安全可靠的信息和智能化决策支持。

REGRESSION MODEL PREDICTING THE APPRAISED UNIT VALUE OF LAND IN SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY BASED ON LEED-NC PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ACCESS CRITERIA

As the need for environmental certification systems grows, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction (LEED-NC) is being widely adopted in the US to evaluate the environmental performance of buildings. However, no research has been conducted to investigate its economic impact on appraised land value. The objectives of this study are to quantify the impact of the LEED-NC Credit Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access (PTA) in the sustainable sites category on appraised land value and to develop a regression model that predicts the appraised unit value of parcels. San Francisco County was chosen because of its well-organized transportation systems. First, a LEED-NC map was created to identify PTA-qualified parcels. Second, sample parcels were randomly selected. Last, Pearson’s correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were sequentially performed. The results of this study indicated that the LEED PTA criteria are significant factors associated with an increase in the appraised unit value of parcels within San Francisco County. The findings of this study can encourage real-estate developers to site their projects according to the LEED-NC PTA criteria.

基于道路概率场的车队协同定位方法

标量场方法通常被用于无人机集群和潜艇集群的协同定位,但在车队场景中,应用磁异常场、水深场等类似的标量场存在困难。本研究提出了1种基于道路概率场和车辆运动模型的车队协同定位方法,该方法利用开源数据库获取电子地图,对地图进行缓冲区处理、栅格化处理和数学形态学处理,构建了道路概率场。同时,基于GNSS技术建立了车辆运动模型,利用车队内车辆之间的相对位置作为协同信息,把车辆预测位置在道路概率场中的取值作为权重计算标准,使用粒子滤波定位算法不断更新预测车辆行驶轨迹。新方法建立了道路概率场这一标量场,把车辆位置对应的道路概率值作为判定车辆位置的重要依据,将电子地图中的地理空间信息应用于车队协同定位。与传统的标量场方法不同,道路概率场无需新的专门测量,并且可以利用已有的海量电子地图资源进行生成,而车辆也无需新增传感器。此外,新方法根据不同场景设计了车辆运动模型,在车辆行驶过程中利用道路概率场不断优化轨迹,与传统车队定位方法相比更注重单个时刻点定位的差异。在真实场景和仿真场景中设置不同缓冲区宽度和车辆数进行对比测试,结果显示:根据定位误差作为定位效果的判定标准,与经典的利用车辆运动模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法相比,新方法在仿真场景和真实场景中将改进幅度分别提高了49.6%和49.8%;与空道路概率场的车队协同定位方法相比,在仿真场景和真实场景中新方法分别改进了59.5%和50.3%。本研究为车队协同定位提供了1种新的方法,通过构建道路概率场并利用车辆运动模型,相较于传统方法,该方法提高了定位的精度和可靠性,具有重要的应用前景。

基于PIN LRU算法的路网最短路径研究

在陕西省交通地理信息系统数据存储与导航的实际应用中,由于路网数据量庞大,直接利用最短路径算法计算会出现内存溢出,导致无法完成计算。针对此问题,本文提出利用R Tree与最近最少使用(Least Recently Used,LRU)算法缓存优化管理相结合的锁定最近最少使用(Pin Least Recently Used,PIN LRU)算法对实际路网进行最短路径计算。与LRU、基于四叉树的空间数据缓存策略模型(Spatial Least Recently Frequently Used,SLRFU)算法相比,该算法在10个途经点路径检索时的耗时为5000 ms,SLRFU算法耗时为30000 ms,LRU算法耗时为75000 ms。试验测试证明,该算法检索响应高效,可解决计算实际数据过程中因内存溢出而导致系统崩溃的问题。

地理信息系统在铁路上的应用

从铁路基础设施管理、工务、电务、信号、行车管理、勘测设计、铁路客货运电子商务、模拟训练器、客车及车站旅客实时信息服务等多方面对国内外铁路地理信息系统在铁路上的应用现状作综述 ;分析了国内外现有铁路地理信息系统对我国铁路地理信息系统建设的借鉴意义 ,展望我国铁路地理信息系统 (RGIS)建设前景。指出在铁路信息化过程中 ,如果没有全路范围内的统一规划 ,将给全路范围的信息共享造成障碍 ,组建我国RGIS时应当最大限度地实现信息资源共享 ,把RGIS建设成高质量、高效率、可视化、全路统一的综合软件平台。

铁路地理信息系统(RGIS)框架体系

阐述全国铁路地理信息系统(RGIS)的设计原则和设计目标,研究RGIS系统在铁路信息化中的定位,认为铁路信息化是一个分层次的模型,RGIS系统是所有信息应用子系统的基础设施和共享平台,是铁路信息化其他信息系统之间的信息交换和共享平台。对RGIS系统的框架体系进行研究与设计,提出了一个分层次、多要素综合的网络信息系统架构,并根据铁路行业信息与应用的异域、异构、分布等特性,分别从数据库、共享平台、网络基础设施、标准体系、管理体系等几个方面进行详细阐述,用于指导整个RGIS建设的实施。

基于元胞自动机的城市土地利用预测模型研究——以美国佛罗里达州Orange County为例

长期以来,作为城市规划研究热点,城市土地利用和交通之间相互影响的研究相对脱节.近年来,该状况逐渐得到改观,研究人员开始将交通规划与城市用地布局方式相联系.本研究主要模拟给定城市区域土地利用的时空变化过程,帮助正确认识及处理城市交通发展与土地利用的相互关系.研究针对美国佛罗里达州Orange County 1990年与2000年土地利用类型的变化,利用元胞自动机(CA)在微观土地利用,空间格局等方面的优势,采用地理信息系统动态模型来实现海量数据的获取、储存以及更新.同时,借助MatLAB软件的数学计算能力,开发出基于逻辑回归的元胞自动机土地预测模型.基于实际土地利用的模拟结果表明,该模型充分利用元胞自动机的特点及优势,合理考虑土地利用系统中时空变量的复杂性,结果可靠,为正确理解土地利用变化提供了很好的帮助.