Landfill Site Suitability Assessment Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Butuan City, Philippines

Landfilling is one of the most effective and responsible ways to dispose of municipal solid waste(MSW).Identifying landfill sites,however,is a challenging and complex undertaking because it depends on social,environmental,technical,economic,and legal issues.This study aims to map the optimal sites that were environmentally suitable for locating a landfill site in Butuan City,Philippines.With reference to the policy requirements from DENR Section I,Landfill Site Identification Criteria and Screening Guidelines of National Solid Waste Management Commission,the integration of a Geographic Information System(GIS)model builder and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)has been used in this study to address the aforementioned challenges related to the landfill site suitability analysis.Based on the generated sanitary landfill suitability map,results showed that Barangay Tungao(1131.42967 ha)and Florida(518.48 ha)were able to meet and consider the three(3)main components,namely economic,environmental,and physical criteria,and are highly suit­able as landfill site locations in Butuan City.It is recommended that there will conduct a geotechnical evaluation,involv­ing rigorous geological and hydrogeological assessment employing a combination of site investigation and laboratory techniques.In addition,additional specific social,ecological,climatic,and economic factors need to be considered(i.e.including impact on humans,flora,fauna,soil,water,air,climate,and landscape).

Locating Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)Base Stations Using Geographic Information System(GIS)

The global system for mobile communication(GSM)is planned to meet the needs of the whole subscribers.The number of subscribers increased as the population increased due to the acceptance of GSM services by the subscribers.Thus,there should be a way to monitor base stations that will meet the increasing demand of subscribers in any area as a population surge will lead to more subscriptions.This will allow GSM network operators to serve their subscribers better and ease network congestion.This work presents a review of mobile evolution from the first generation to the fifth generation.A review of global positioning system(GPS)technology and its applications to geographic information systems(GIS)was done.The coordinates of these base stations were taken using a GPS device.These base station coordinates were then exported to QGIS for the design of the map.Thereafter,the output map was then integrated into the website.The discussions on the results followed and some useful suggestions given will go a long way to help the operators of GSM in Nigeria and in general.If the propositions given are adhered to,it will go a long way to help the operators reduce congestion on their network and thereby increase the satisfaction of the subscribers.

Basic theory and key technologies for marine geographic information system

Marine geographic information system （MGIS） has great ability to deal with the spatio-temporal problems and has potential superiority when it is applied to oceanography. Using the feature extraction of oceanic phenomena as a case study, the functions of the MGIS are analyzed, and thus the position of MGIS in the oceanography is defined. Comparing the requirement of MGIS with that of the traditional GIS which has been developed in the terrestrial applications in the past four decades, the frame for the functions of MGIS is constructed. According to the established MGIS, some key technologies are discussed in detail with emphasis on the specialities which can distinguish the MGIS from the traditional GIS.

Hazards Assessment of Regional Debris Flows Based on Geographic Information Science

Supported by the spatial analysis feature of geographic information science and assessment model of regional debris flows, hazards degrees of the debris flows in the Upper Yangtze River Watershed （UYRW） are divided into five grades based on grid cell. The area of no danger, light danger, medium danger, severe danger and extreme severe danger regions respectively are 278 000, 288 000, 217 000, 127 000, 15 000 km^2. Furthermore, the counties in the UYRW are classified into four classes based on the hazards degrees in each county. The number of severe danger, medium danger, light danger and no danger counties respectively are 49, 82, 77 and 105. The assessment results will be provided for the hazards forecasting and mitigation in the UYRW and ongoing regionalization of Main Function Regions in China as data and technique framework.

Research on Development of Agricultural Geographic Information Ontology

This paper first analyzes the reason that agricultural geographic information gives rise to semantic heterogeneity and solution thereof. Although OWL （web ontology language） is the standard of ontology representation language in semantic web, it is insufficient in representing spatial characteristics, especially spatial relationship. Consequently it is pointed out to build geo-ontology by virtue of three theories such as mereology, location theory and topology in this paper. This paper introduces mereology, location theory and topology, and then discusses how to adopt these three theories to build geo-ontology. The outcome of experiment shows that solution put forward by this paper is feasible.

Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi'an studied applying geographic information system

This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum （AlT） of drinking water in Xi＇ an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of A1T in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value （0.2 mg/L）. The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion （39.4%） of samples over the recommended value. In drinking water treated by alum coagulant, the average concentration of monomeric aluminum （Ala） was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine （PACl） and poly aluminum ferric chloride （PAFC）. The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum （Alb） and colloidal/suspended aluminum （Ale） in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC. There was a notable decrease in AlT along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants, with an average decline of about 36 μg/（L-km）. Besides coagulant type, water quality also could affect aluminum speciation. In drinking water without orthophosphate, the concentrations of Ala and AlT were positively correlated with pH; while, in drinking water with orthophospbate, the concentrations of Ala and AlT were negatively correlated with pH. The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.

Chaining Distributed Geographic Information Web Services Based on Ontology

To solve the problem of chaining distributed geographic information Web services （GI Web services）, this paper provides an ontology-based method. With this method, semantic service description can be achieved by semantic annotation of the elements in a Web service description language（WSDL） document with concepts of geographic ontology, and then a common under-standing about service semantics between customers and providers of Web services is built. Based on the decomposition and formalization of customer requirements, the discovery, composition and execution of GI Web services are explained in detail, and then a chaining of GI Web services is built and used to achieve the customer＇s requirement. Finally, an example based on Web ontology language for service （OWL-S） is provided for testing the feasibility of this method.

The application of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System

Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System (YETWGIS) is a comprehensive software system for environmental management and decision of Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands. Based on MapObjects components technology, Data Mining technology, mathematical modeling method and Visual Basic language, this software system has many functions such as displaying, editing, querying and searching, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and environmental quality evaluation. This paper firstly outlined the system structure, key techniques, and achieving methods of YETWGIS, and then, described the core modules (the thematic map compiling module and environmental quality evaluation model module) in detail. In addition, based on information entropy model, it thoroughly discussed the methods of environmental quality evaluation and indicators' weight calculation. Finally, by using YETWGIS, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Heavy Metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2002, and evaluated the environmental quality of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2003.

The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System （GIS）. This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimension （3D） visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear in this paper, extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

Application and research of global grid database design based on geographic information

Energy crisis and climate change have become two seriously concerned issues universally. As a feasible solution, Global Energy Interconnection(GEI) has been highly praised and positively responded by the international community once proposed by China. From strategic conception to implementation, GEI development has entered a new phase of joint action now. Gathering and building a global grid database is a prerequisite for conducting research on GEI. Based on the requirement of global grid data management and application, combining with big data and geographic information technology, this paper studies the global grid data acquisition and analysis process, sorts out and designs the global grid database structure supporting GEI research, and builds a global grid database system.

Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in the High Guir Basin(Morocco):Contribution of remote sensing and geographic information system

Identification of water potential areas in arid regions is a crucial element for the enhancement of their water resources and socio-economic development. In fact, water resources system-planning can be used to make various decisions and implement manage- ment of water resources policies. The purpose of this study is to identify groundwater sto- rage areas in the high Guir Basin by implementing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing methods. The required data for this study can be summarized into five critical factors: Topography (slope), lithology, rainfall, rock fracture and drainage. These critical factors have been converted by the GIS into thematic maps. For each cri- tical parameter, a coefficient with weight was attributed according to its importance. The map of potential groundwater storage areas is obtained by adding the products (coeffi- cient × weight) of the five parameters. The results show that 50% to 64% of the total area of the High Guir Basin is potentially rich in groundwater, where most of fracture systems are intensely developed. The obtained results are validated with specific yield of the aqui- fer in the study area. It is noted that there is a strong positive correlation between excel- lent groundwater potential zones with high flows of water points and it diminishes with low specific yield with poor potential zones.

Identification of landing sites for rescue helicopters in mountains with use of Geographic Information Systems

Helicopters are often used in mountain rescue both for rescuers moving in the area of accidents and for evacuating victims, but in steep or forested terrain finding a landing place can be problematic. The main aim of this research is to use Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and cartographic database analysis to select locations that can be used as landing site for the rescue helicopters. Methods were based on GIS analysis;both raster and vector data were used for identifying touchdown points for rescue helicopters. Based on DEM data, locations with a low slope gradient were identified;topographic vector data were used for identifying unforested sites. Then buffer zones for buildings and power lines were excluded, and it was checked whether the areas had any topographic features that prevented helicopter landings. The findings were verified on an orthophotomap. In result, GIS analyses have selected 1232 polygons that fulfilled initial criteria. Their verification on orthophotomap has shown that only 55% of them could be potentially used as landing site. Landing sites can be found mainly on side ridges of mountain ranges and in valley beds, when those on ridges are most important in this research. The greatest difficulties and methodological challenges are posed by: identification of sites having a shape which prevents landing, the obsolescence of data due to environment dynamics, the presence of features that are not shown on maps but prevent helicopter landings. A map of landing sites is a very useful tool to conduct rescue operations, but each use of a given landing site requires both in-field and numerical verification. The analysis demonstrated that GIS toolsare useful in pre-planning of rescue missions, and also showed that such data must be kept up-to-date and in-field verification is needed continuously, the more so as it plays an important role in ensuring the safety of rescuers and victims.

Epidemiologic Evolution Platform Using Integrated Modeling and Geographic Information System

At the international level, a major effort is being made to optimizethe flow of data and information for health systems management. The studiesshow that medical and economic efficiency is strongly influenced by the levelof development and complexity of implementing an integrated system of epidemiological monitoring and modeling. The solution proposed and describedin this paper is addressed to all public and private institutions involved inthe fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, using recognized methods andstandards in this field. The Green-Epidemio is a platform adaptable to thespecific features of any public institution for disease management, based onopen-source software, allowing the adaptation, customization, and furtherdevelopment of “open-source” applications, according to the specificities ofthe public institution, the changes in the economic and social environment andits legal framework. The platform has a mathematical model for the spreadof COVID-19 infection depending on the location of the outbreaks so thatthe allocation of resources and the geographical limitation of certain areascan be parameterized according to the number and location of the real-timeidentified outbreaks. The social impact of the proposed solution is due to theplanned applications of information flow management, which is a first stepin improving significantly the response time and efficiency of people-operatedresponse services. Moreover, institutional interoperability influences strategicsocietal factors.

TThe Geographic Information Grid System Based on Mobile Agent

We analyze the deficiencies of current application systems, and discuss the key requirements of distributed Geographie Information serviee （GIS）, We construct the distributed GIS on grid platform. Considering the flexibility and efficiency, we integrate the mobile agent technology into the system. We propose a new prototype system, the Geographic Information Grid System （GIGS） based on mobile agent. This system has flexible services and high performance, and improves the sharing of distributed resources. The service strategy of the system and the examples are also presented.

The Application of Geographic Information System on Telecommunication Cable Management System

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system to manage the geographically distributed data. It combines the process of geographic information and attribute information. Telecommunication bureau has great requirements for GIS and corresponding software platforms due to the speciality of the telecommunication system. The design ideas, solutions and basic functions of the telecommunication GIS for the cable design and maintenance are discussed.

Function Analyses of Geographic Information System on Rural Distribution Network

With the actuality and characteristic and requirement of rural power enterprise distribution network management, this article introduced the function of geographic information system on the framework of distribution network, in order to develop rural distribution network.

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

Bioenergy Crops as a Promising Alternative to Fossil Fuels in Louisiana: A Geographic Information System (GIS) Perspective

Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change, and the world’s focus has shifted to the need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. There has been a rise in the published literature on the utilization of crops for bioenergy production in Louisiana. However, very few scholarly documents have used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the distribution of potential bioenergy crops in Louisiana. This study seeks to fill the void by evaluating the potential of bioenergy crops in Louisiana for energy production using GIS. Given this objective, the agricultural census data for 1999, 2009, 2019, and 2020 obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture were used in the analysis. The quantities of various crops produced in the state were loaded into an attribute table and joined to a shapefile using ArcGIS software. The symbology tool’s graduated option was used to create five maps representing each of the bioenergy crops in Louisiana. The findings of the GIS analysis show that some of the parishes, such as Franklin produced the most bushels of corn (13,795,416), Iberia produced the most tons of sugarcane (1,697,980), East Carroll produced the most bushels of soybean (8,237,991), Tensas harvested the most bales of cotton (80,898) and Avoyelles produced the most bushels of sorghum (630,694). The abundance and availability of crops as raw materials for energy production will translate into lower prices in terms of energy use, making bioenergy crops a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In addition, gasoline price data from 1993-2022 was obtained from U.S. Energy Information Administration. A regression model for the average annual gasoline price over the years was constructed. The results show that the average annual gasoline price variation with respect to years is statistically significant (p 0.05). This suggests that gasoline prices will generally rise despite a price drop over the years. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the form of assessing the availability and viability of other crop types, such as wheat, oats, and rice, for energy production in the state.

Application of Wireless Network Positioning Technology Based on GPS in Geographic Information Measurement

Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of GPS positioning system in practical application,this paper proposes the combination of wireless network positioning technology and GPS positioning system to overcome the low accuracy of GPS positioning system in the case of occlusion.This paper introduces in detail the principle of the application of wireless network positioning technology based on GPS positioning system in geographic information measurement,and illustrates its practical application in production by taking coal mine positioning as an example.

Combining Geographic Information Systems for Transportation and Mixed Integer Linear Programming in Facility Location-Allocation Problems

In this study, we aimed to assess the solution quality for location-allocation problems from facilities generated by the software TransCAD®?, a Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T). Such facilities were obtained after using two routines together: Facility Location and Transportation Problem, when compared with optimal solutions from exact mathematical models, based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), developed externally for the GIS. The models were applied to three simulations: the first one proposes opening factories and customer allocation in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil;the second involves a wholesaler and a study of location and allocation of distribution centres for retail customers;and the third one involves the location of day-care centers and allocation of demand (0 - 3 years old children). The results showed that when considering facility capacity, the MILP optimising model presents results up to 37% better than the GIS and proposes different locations to open new facilities.