A REVIEW OF THE GEOGRAPHY OF ENTERPRISE

Since 1960 research in the geography of enterprise hasexpanded dramatically. This review gives a critical analysis of the geography of enterprise around five main facets. Firstly, it briefs five approaches adopted by the geography of enterprise. This is followed by an examination of its main development stops. The third section analyses its major research areas. Some new research trends make up the fourth section. Based on the above review many new theoretical and practical problems needed to be solved urgently for the geography of enterprise in China are posed.

A brief introduction to Physical Geography of Arid Land in China

A book, Physical Geography of Arid Land in China, mainly edited by Prof. Xi CHEN from Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been published by Science Press in July of 2010.

Geography of the Heart

Editor’s Note: Mrs. Barbara Singleton, a high school principal at Halton District School Board in Milton, Ontario, Canada, and her husband, Dr. Paul Singleton, adopted two Chinese daughters, now 9 and 10 years old, from Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 1993 and 1994. From September 17 to December 10, 2001, the daughters, Mrs. Singleton’s 11-year-old son Jamie, and her 19-year-old niece Kristen returned to China to live for two and a half months. The purpose of their trip

A STUDY ON THE FLORISTIC PLANT GEOGRAPHY OF XISHA ISLANDS, SOUTH CHINA

Xisha Islands is situated on the South China Sea, at 15° 46'-17° 08'N. and 111° 11'-112 ° 54' E., with an altitude of 2.6-15.9m. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, and beach vegetation. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, scrub forest and beach vegetation. The dominant species of the forest communities are Pisonia grandis, Guettarda speciosa, Scaevola sericea and Messer schmidia argentea.There are 212 species of wild vascularplants belonging to 52 families and 147 genera in this area, of which there are 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of pteridophyte and 48 families, 143 genera and 207 species of Angiosperms. The main families of the flora are Poaceae, Papilionaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Boraginaceae etc. According to the geographical distribution, Spermatophytic genera in Xisha Islands may be classified into 9 types, of which pantropic genera accounts for 70% of total genera. At specific level, elements of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia are dominant part in the forest communities. In this area there is no species endemic to itself. Many primitive taxa such as Gymnosperms, Anonaceae and many others are not found in the flora. Comparing the composition of the flora with those of 6 neighboring regions, the flora of Xisha Islands is quite similar to those of Hainan Island. The similarity indices of genera and species are 98.46% and 94.09% respectively. Indigofera chunianais endemic to the two regions.

Historical Geography of Middle Black Sea （Amisos）

Anatolia peninsula that is a bridge between Asia and Europe has become a house for many diverse nations and settlement for over centuries because of its unprecedented strategic location above mentioned. Every newly-arrived community seems to have captured the native features. Regardless looking what their origins or from where they come this Anatolian culture, local features of which overrides, takes its base from Anatolia＇s distinctive geopolitical location. Situated in the crossroads of world＇s most beautiful and important roads Anatolia has lots of different geographical features that are isolated from each other by chain of mountains and include many units. And this allowed the peninsula to have different cultural features in almost every period of history. In Anatolia that has a very dynamic history, one of the most important element changing in time is the name of places. Despite the fact that there is not a precision in the change of names, it is generally related with the language used by prevailing public.

Blinding Lights: the Creative Queer Geography of Daniel Nolasco’s Dry Wind

The aim of this paper is to examine the creative queer geography of Daniel Nolasco’s movie Dry Wind.The main argument indicates that,instead of representing countryside cities exclusively as places of repression and denial,the movie shows part of the countryside gay culture.The realism of the fertilizer factory and the aridity of the city of Catalão are opposed to the extreme stylization of vibrant colors and blinding neon lights of the main character’s fetishist imagination,which indicates how he increasingly surrenders to his desires.Beyond the pornographic representation of homoerotic desire,Dry Wind also proposes alternatives for affective expressions of masculinities that do not conform to the prevailing moral standards.

A Deep Learning-Based Teaching Design for High School Geography Units:Taking the Example of Landforms of the Humanistic Education Edition

The traditional teaching methods of one-way cultivation of students can no longer meet the requirements of talent cultivation at this stage.The issue of how to promote students from passive acceptance to the independent cognitive understanding stage(i.e.deep learning)has become the focus of geography teaching.Therefore,under the guidance of deep learning theory,this paper takes the“landforms”knowledge unit of the Humanistic Education Edition as an example,improves the classroom teaching means through the unit teaching mode,reconstructs the“landforms”teaching unit,and explores the specific teaching of high school geography unit based on deep learning.This study provides a good example and guidelines for high school geography teaching and learning.

Broader applicability of the metacoupling framework than Tobler’s first law of geography for global sustainability:A systematic review

Complex sustainability issues in the Anthropocene,with rapid globalization and global environmental changes,are increasingly interlinked between not only nearby systems but also distant systems.Tobler’s first law of geog-raphy(TFL)states“near things are more related than distant things”.Evidence suggests that TFL is not infallible for sustainability issues.Recently,the integrated framework of metacoupling(MCF;human-nature interactions within as well as between adjacent and distant systems)has been applied to analyze the interactions between nearby and distant coupled human and natural systems simultaneously.However,previous work has been scat-tered and fragmented.It is crucial to understand the extent to which TFL and MCF apply across pressing issues in sustainability.Therefore,we reviewed and synthesized sustainability literature that used TFL and MCF across seven major topics:land change,species migration,tourism,trade,agricultural development,conservation,and governance.Results indicate MCF had a much broader applicability than TFL for these topics.The literature using MCF generally did not or likely did not obey TFL,especially in trade,governance,and agricultural de-velopment.In the TFL literature,most topics obeyed TFL,except for species migration and trade.The findings suggest the need to rethink and further test TFL’s relevance to sustainability issues,and highlight the potential of MCF to address complex interactions between both adjacent and distant systems across the world for global sustainability.

Translocality:A Re-recognition of Locality in Western Geography

Translocality,as a re-recognition of locality in western Geography,has gradually become an important theoretical framework for understanding the increasingly interconnected global world.By focusing on sorting out the context and main topics of current western geography on translocality research,it reached the following conclusions.(i)From the perspective of geography,translocality research can be roughly divided into initial development stage,stable development stage and high-speed development stage.(ii)Existing studies on migration,urbanization,and social resilience form the knowledge base for translocality research from the perspective of geography.Migration,mobility,and politics are hot topics of translocality research.(iii)Current issues mainly focus on the characteristics of translocal behavior,the impact of translocal behavior,translocal circular flow and gender research in translocal behavior.Based on this,it proposed the important trends that translocality research in China needs to pay attention.

Ideological and Political Elements Exploration in the Course of “Physical Geography”

“Physical Geography” is a course to study human beings and the environment, revealing the basic characteristics, formation mechanism and development laws of various physical geography elements, with rich ideological and political elements and high moral value, and is an important course to cultivate geographical professional interests and enhance national pride. By fully sorting out the ideological and political resources contained in the curriculum, deeply excavating the ideological and political elements, and reasonably designing the integration, this paper analyzed the dimensions of ideological and political education in the physical geography curriculum. Taking professional knowledge as the main line, the educational elements in five aspects were refined, namely, philosophical thinking, power of a big country, patriotism, strict science, and aesthetic education. This paper established the ideological and political element system of the curriculum, and achieved the moral education of the professional curriculum moisturizing and silent effect.

Soil resilience assessment using soil profile descriptions and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Mediterranean mountains considering diverse fire occurrences

Wildfires are complex natural phenomena that exert significant impacts on landscapes,societies,and economies.Understanding the concept of resilience is crucial in mitigating its possible negative impacts,as it involves preparing for,responding to,and recovering from wildfires.This research aims to demonstrate the utility of in situ soil profile description in assessing land use resilience using an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)through an expert panel survey.The study examines a catchment located in the Balearic Islands,considering two fire occurrences(once and twice),comparing abandoned agricultural terraces and natural hillslopes.The results demonstrated that the priority ranking of variables to assess soil profile resilience against wildfires,determined by a panel of 10 experts,identified horizon depth(25.1%),slope inclination(21.5%),and hydrological connectivity(16.6%)as the most crucial factors.Other variables,such as number and size of roots,structure of pedal soil material,size class structure,and rock fragments,also contributed to resilience but to a lesser extent,with scores ranging from 5.7%to 9.6%.Analyzing the priorities established by the experts using AHP,the results showed that the least resilient soil horizon was H1 of the control hillslope,especially under high and low connectivity processes,which aligned with the loss of superficial soil horizons after one and two wildfires.Hillslopes showed greater changes in resilience after occurring wildfires compared to terraces,with the most significant alterations occurring after the second wildfire event.This study addresses a significant knowledge gap in the field by highlighting the interconnectedness of wildfires,resilience,and land use,providing insights into land management strategies for wildfire-prone regions.

Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of ethnicminority villages in China using geospatial technology and statistical models

This study aims to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of 1,652 Ethnic-Minority Villages(EMV)in China and to analyze the mechanisms driving their spatial heterogeneity.EMV are a special type of settlement space that preserve a large number of historical traces of the ethnic culture of ancient China.They are important carriers of China’s excellent traditional culture and are key to the implementation of rural revitalization strategies.In this study,1652 EMV in China were selected as the research subjects.The Nearest Neighbor Index,kernel density,and spatial autocorrelation index were employed to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of minority villages.Neural network models,spatial lag models,and geographical detectors were used to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial heterogeneity in EMV.The results indicate that:(1)EMV exhibit significant spatial differentiation characterized by“single-core with multiple surrounding sub-centers,”“polarization between east and west,”“decreasing quantity from southwest to east coast to northeast to northwest,”and“large dispersion with small agglomeration.”(2)EMV are mainly distributed in areas rich in intangible cultural heritage,with high vegetation coverage and low altitude,far from central cities,and having limited arable land and an underdeveloped economy and transportation,particularly in shaded or riverbank areas.(3)Distance from the nearest river(X3),distance from central cities(X8),national intangible cultural heritage(X9),and NDVI(X10)were the main driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of EMV,whereas elevation(X1)and GDP(X5)had the weakest influence.As EMV are a relatively unique territorial spatial unit,the identification of their spatial heterogeneity characteristics not only deepens the research content of settlement geography,but also involves the assessment,protection,and development of Minority Villages,which is of great significance for the inheritance and utilization of excellent ethnic cultures in the era.

Spatio-Temporal Trend and Geographic Disparity of Infertility Prevalence in Burkina Faso, 2011 to 2020

Background: Infertility affected 10% to 25% of couples globally, and about half of the infertility cases were reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Infertility poses significant social, cultural, and health challenges, particularly for women who often face stigmatization. However, comprehensive and nationally representative data, including prevalence, temporal trends, and risk factors, are lacking, prompting a study in Burkina Faso to address the need for informed policies and programs in infertility care and management. Objectives: This study aims to better understand the spatiotemporal trend of infertility prevalence in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This is a retrospective population-based study of women infertility from healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso, during January 2011 to December 2020. We calculated the prevalence rates of infertility and two disparity measures, and examined the spatiotemporal trend of infertility. Results: Over the 10-year period (2011 to 2020), 143,421 infertility cases were recorded in Burkina Faso healthcare facilities, resulting of a mean prevalence rate of 3.61‰ among childbearing age women and 17.87‰ among women who consulted healthcare facilities for reproductive issues (except contraception). The findings revealed a significant increase of infertility, with the prevalence rate varied from 2.75‰ in 2011 to 4.62‰ in 2020 among childbearing age women and from 13.38‰ in 2011 to 26.28‰ in 2020 among women who consulted healthcare facilities for reproductive issues, corresponding to an estimate annual percentage change of 8.31% and 9.80% respectively. There were significant temporal and geographic variations in the prevalence of infertility. While relative geographic disparity decreased, absolute geographic disparity showed an increasing trend over time. Conclusion: The study highlights an increasing trend of infertility prevalence and significant geographic variation in Burkina Faso, underscoring the urgent necessity for etiologic research on risk factors, psychosocial implications, and economic consequences to inform effective interventions and mitigate the socioeconomic impact of infertility.

Impact of payment source, referral site, and place of residence on outcomes after allogeneic transplantation in Mexico

BACKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health in allogeneic transplant recipients in low-and middle-income countries is poorly described.This observational study analyzes the impact of place of residence,referring institution,and transplant cost coverage(out-of-pocket vs government-funded vs private insurance)on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alloHSCT)in two of Mexico's largest public and private institutions.AIM To evaluate the impact of social determinants of health and their relationship with outcomes among allogeneic transplant recipients in Mexico.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we included adolescents and adults≥16 years who received a matched sibling or haploidentical transplant from 2015-2022.Participants were selected without regard to their diagnosis and were sourced from both a private clinic and a public University Hospital in Mexico.Three payment groups were compared:Out-of-pocket(OOP),private insurance,and a federal Universal healthcare program“Seguro Popular”.Outcomes were compared between referred and institution-diagnosed patients,and between residents of Nuevo Leon and out-of-state.Primary outcomes included overall survival(OS),categorized by residence,referral,and payment source.Secondary outcomes encompassed early mortality,event-free-survival,graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival,and non-relapse-mortality(NRM).Statistical analyses employed appropriate tests,Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling.Statistical software included SPSS and R with tidycmprsk library.RESULTS Our primary outcome was overall survival.We included 287 patients,n=164 who lived out of state(57.1%),and n=129 referred from another institution(44.9%).The most frequent payment source was OOP(n=139,48.4%),followed by private insurance(n=75,26.1%)and universal coverage(n=73,25.4%).No differences in OS,event-free-survival,NRM,or graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival were observed for patients diagnosed locally vs in another institution,nor patients who lived in-state vs out-of-state.Patients who covered transplant costs through private insurance had the best outcomes with improved OS(median not reached)and 2-year cumulative incidence of NRM of 14%than patients who covered costs OOP(Median OS and 2-year NRM of 32%)or through a universal healthcare program active during the study period(OS and 2-year NRM of 19%)(P=0.024 and P=0.002,respectively).In a multivariate analysis,payment source and disease risk index were the only factors associated with overall survival.CONCLUSION In this Latin-American multicenter study,the site of residence or referral for alloHSCT did not impact outcomes.However,access to healthcare coverage for alloHSCT was associated with improved OS and reduced NRM.

Geographies of Chemical Warfare in Vietnam: The Merry Band of Retirees

This review explores the recent development of research on rainbow herbicides as chemical weapons and the geographies of chemical warfare in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Orange have previously been well documented, the production and extensive application of five other rainbow agents by the United States military has only recently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this research of chemical warfare landscapes is that the 23 refereed journal publications in this review were designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective research project by Ken Olson and a Merry Band of Military Retirees. Their groundbreaking research portfolio includes many geographical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical warfare. This includes the extensive exposure of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposure of US military personnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposure of civilians near the private industrial sites that produced these rainbow agents in North America and the hazardous soil contamination that perseveres at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impressive research depth and global scope, this review explores the unique way this research portfolio was developed by a Merry Band of Retirees through an interview with its leader, Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical orientation of these military veterans, the political ecology involved, the creative strategies they utilized to produce this innovative research, and how they changed the way Veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents are treated by the US government.

英国高中地理教材栏目设置的特点及启示——以Geography B Evolving Planet为例

以英国中学地理教材Geography B Evolving Planet中的教材栏目为研究对象,结合其在教材中实际发挥的功能,将八种主要的教材栏目划分为问题思考类、技能训练类、信息提示类和考试导向类四大类。这四大类教材栏目体现出了不同的特点。问题思考类栏目指向不同教学目标,技能训练类栏目凸显实用性和应用性的学科特色,信息提示类栏目关注学生心理特点,考试导向类栏目提高应试答题技巧。受此启发,未来我国中学地理教材栏目设置应有所侧重,即教材栏目在内容设置上要注重针对性,在形式设置上要增加多样性,在外观设置上要注重醒目性。

How antibiotic resistances could change Helicobacter pylori treatment:A matter of geography?

Therapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)remains an unsolved issue.Indeed,no therapeutic regimen is able to cure the infection in all treated patients,and in many the infection persists despite the administration of several consecutive standard therapies.Although antibiotic resistance reports describe alarming results,the outcome of therapeutic regimens does not seem to parallel this scenario in most cases,since a successful performance is often reached in more than 80%of cases.However,the phenomenon of increasing antibiotic resistance is being closely studied,and the results show controversial aspects even in the same geographic area.For the continents of Europe,America,Asia,Africa,and Oceania,minimal and maximal values of resistance to the main antibiotics(clarithromycin,amoxicillin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin)feature wide ranges in different countries.The real enigma is therefore linked to the several different therapeutic regimens,which show results that often do not parallel the in vitro findings even in the same areas.A first aspect to be emphasized is that some regimens are limited by their use in very small geographic districts.Moreover,not all therapeutic trials have considered bacterial and host factors affecting the therapeutic outcome.The additional use of probiotics may help to reduce adverse events,but their therapeutic impact is doubtful.In conclusion,the"ideal therapy",paradoxically,appears to be a"utopia",despite the unprecedented volume of studies in the field and the real breakthrough in medical practice made by the discovery and treatment of H.pylori.The ample discrepancies observed in the different areas do not encourage the development of therapeutic guidelines that could be valid worldwide.On these bases,one of the main challenges for the future might be identifying a successful solution to overcome antibiotic resistances.In this context,geography must be considered a relevant matter.

Advances in applied studies of fractal theory in geography in China

The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China's geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.

Analysis on Genetic Similarity of Japonica Rice Variety from Different Origins of Geography in the World

The genetic similarity and genetic difference among improved japonica rice varieties from different countries （or regions and organizations） were detected. The aim is to provide genetic basis to the breeding of japonica rice varieties. The genetic similarity and cluster of 313 improved japonica varieties from 20 countries （or regions and organizations） were analyzed using the SSR marker. With 34 SSR primers which were polymorphic and uniformly distributed in rice genome, totally 198 alleles were detected among these improved varieties with the average number of alleles per pair of primers of 5.8235. RM320, RM531, RM1, RM21, and RM336 located more alleles, which were 16, 13, 12, 10, and 10 respectively. RM320, RM336, RM286, RM531, and RM21 showed higher genetic diversity indexes, which were 2.3668, 2.0041, 1.9684, 1.9508, and 1.7203, respectively. The genetic similarity for improved japonica varieties among different countries （or regions and organizations） were ranged from 0.279 to 0.918, and the mean value was 0.653. The rice varieties from countries whose latitude and geography position were all nearer were clustered together with higher genetic similarity indexes. The rice varieties from countries who had more different latitude and far geography position were clustered separately with lower genetic similarity indexes. The results indicated the genetic similarity indexes among improved japonica varieties had a close relationship with the geographical position, especially with the latitude.

Progress of regional economic geography in China: a comparative study

Domestic and international literatures in economic geography in recent years showthat the disciplinary status of regional economic geography remains steay. Domesticliteratures prefer regional comprehensive development than that of international in theapplication fields. The process of establishing theoretical system with Chinese characteristocscontinues and has made some progress. The economic regions element theory, developmenttheory and management theory have been added to the already existed theory system. Theconstruction of comprehensive and integrated methodology system has initiated.