Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Shaxi Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits, Anhui Province

The Shaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits are a typical example of porphyry copper deposits associated with diorite in eastern China. Quartz diorite, which hosts the deposits, has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 127.9 ± 1.6 Ma. Geochemically, the rock is rich in alkalis (especially sodium), light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), and has a relatively low initial strontium isotopic ratio (Isr=0.7058); thus it is the product of differentiation of crust-mantle mixing source magma. The model of alteration and mineralization zoning is similar to the Hollister (1974) diorite model. The ore fluids have a relatively high salinity and contain significant amounts of CO2, Ca2+, Na+ and ***CI?. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for the main mineralization stage range from 280 to 420°C, the δ18O values of the ore fluids vary from 3.51 to 5.52 %, the δD values are in the range between ?82.4 and ?59.8 %, the δ34S values of sulphides vary from ?0.3 to 2.49 %, and the δ13C values of CO2 in inclusions range between ?2.66 and ?6.53 %. Isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal ore fluids and ore substances of the Shaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits were mainly derived from magmatic systems.

Geological and geochemical characteristics of Middle Jurassic granites in Bengbu uplift, Southeast of North China craton

1 Introduction The early formation and evolution of the North China craton has been widely concerned by scientists.The Bengbu uplift belt is located in the southeast of the craton,theresearch degree of the belt is relatively low and received increasing attention from many scholars in recent years.Through the author’s practical work and combined with

Geological and geochemical evolution of forming of kalium-rich brine in Sichuan Basin

1 Introduction Sichuan Basin is basically a salt brine reservoir,large closed and semi-closed artesian sedimentary basin with an area of 200,000 Km2 in southeast China.During the forming and evolution of the basin,it has been affected by

Geological and geochemical characteristics and metallogenic model of the Wenquan molybdenum deposit

The Wenquan molybdenum deposit is a kind of large-sized porphyry molybdenum deposit found in re-cent years.In this paper,on the basis of deposit geology,geochemistry and isotope geochronology data,the metal-logenic model of this deposit was established.The Wenquan granitic batholith belongs to the K-rich(alkali-rich) calc-alkaline rock series,which is the mineralization parent rock.The rock massif shows the characteristics of both crust-remelting granite and mantle-source granite.At the same time,the data of REE contents,hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and inclusion temperatures showed that the metallogenic hydrothermal solution is a mixed mesothermal solution of magmato-hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water.Mineralization was dated at 214±7.1 Ma,basically identical with the parent rock's age(207-226 Ma).This reflects that molybdenum mineralization has a close relation to tectonic magmatism evoked by orogenic processes,and molybdenum mineralization occurred mainly at the petrogenesis stage at the late stage of magma emplacement.Mixing with meteoric water led to a decrease in the sa-linity of magmato-hydrothermal solution and changes in other physical and chemical properties.During the tectonic process,ore-bearing hydrothermal solution ascended along favorable fault structure channels.With physicochemical changes,it filled in the surrounding rock joints on both sides of faults,forming ore deposits.

Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of picritic rocks in Permian Tiaohu Formation from Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang, NW China

1 Introduction Santanghu Basin is located between the Armantai and Karamaili suture zone,at the junction of the Siberia,Kazakhstan and Tarim plates(Chen and Jahn,2004;Xiao et al.,2008).As an important part of the Central Asian

Geological and Geochemical Evidence for Discriminating Anatectic and Subsolidus Migmatites in the Dabieshan Complex,Northeastern Hubei Province

Based on the geological and geochemical information about migmatites, the followinglines of evidence have been proposed for discriminating the anatectic leucosome in the DabieshanComplex: (1) its width is larger than that derived from the subsolidus genesis, cutting acrossregional foliation, thus giving rise to complicated folds and wider selvages; (2) it is composedof melanic and accessory minerals in addition to quartz and feldspars; (3) the significant difference in anorthites of plagioclase between paleosome and leucosome; (4) temperature and pressure (P/T) conditions revealed by the mineral compositions and assemblages are over those forthe onset of anatexis; and (5) it is enriched in the major elements (e. g. AiZO3, FeZO3 andTiO2) and immobile and incompatible elements (e. g. LREE, Th, Hf and Zr). Finally, bycombining the geological and geochemical features with the statistical data for the spatial distribution of minerals and mass-balance in the migmatites, it is concluded that anatexis is the cardinal mechanism of migmatization in the Dabieshan Complex.

Geological,Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Pyrite Deposits in the Eastern Part of Douala Sub-Basin(Cameroon,Central Africa)

Pyrite deposit of pK27, Douala sub-basin (Cameroon, Central Africa) was studied in a tropical forest setting physically and using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) in order to characterize the mineralization for his industrial utilization. The sedimentary materials from the pyrite deposit were grouped into five (05) main lithofacies, including four claystone facies and one conglomeratic facies. The mineralization occurs along the low slopes of valleys in?light grey claystone facies situated on the bottom of outcrops with 80 to 200 cm thickness. The?particle size distribution of clayey materials host rocks shows that they are essentially constituted of clay and silts fractions. However, their Sorting index (So) more than 4.5 corresponds to poorly sorted sediments and the torrential type;whereas their Coefficient of asymmetry (A) more than 1?indicates that the sorting is carried out towards fine particles. Macroscopically, pyrite in these?materials is in crumbly and consolidated piles with aggregate pyrites in oolithic concretions, and?globular, cubic, octaedric, massive and fossiliferous forms. The mineralogical compositions of?these clayey materials indicate that they are essentially kaolinitic and illitic, followed by goethite, quartz, pyrite, halloysite, anatase and rutile with hematite as accessory minerals. Pyrite in sand fractions is associated with kyanite, grenat, rutile, diopside, muscovite and tourmaline the minerals which?recognize the regional metamorphism. However, the specific chemical signature of SO3content?high in clayey materials and abundant (50.86% - 57.64% SO3) in pyrite is characteristic of the pK27 pyritic formations in the eastern part of Douala sub-basin. Moreover, the Co:Ni ratios of pyrites approximately 0.25 to 0.8 are characteristic of sedimentary pyrites and also suggest an anoxic environment.

Relationship between spatio-temporal evolution of soil pH and geological environment/surface cover in the eastern Nenjiang River Basin of Northeast China during the past 30 years

To illuminate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and geochemical driving mechanism of soil pH in the Nenjiang River Basin,the National Multi-objective Regional Geochemical Survey data of topsoil,the Second National Soil Survey data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)were analyzed.The areas of neutral and alkaline soil decreased by 21100 km^(2)and 30500 km^(2),respectively,while that of strongly alkaline,extremely alkaline,and strongly acidic soil increased by 19600 km^(2),18200 km^(2),and 15500 km^(2),respectively,during the past 30 years.NDVI decreased with the increase of soil pH when soil pH>8.0,and it was reversed when soil pH<5.0.There were significant differences in soil pH with various surface cover types,which showed an ascending order:Arbor<reed<maize<rice<high and medium-covered meadow<low-covered meadow<Puccinellia.The weathering products of minerals rich in K_(2)O,Na_(2)O,CaO,and MgO entered into the low plain and were enriched in different parts by water transportation and lake deposition,while Fe and Al remained in the low hilly areas,which was the geochemical driving mechanism.The results of this study will provide scientific basis for making scientific and rational decisions on soil acidification and salinization.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

Important Achievement and Advance of Natural Gas Geology and Geochemical Exploration in China

Academician Dai Jinxing has long been engaged in natural gas geology and geochemical researches,and has made prominent contributions to the establishment and development of China’s theory of coal-derived gas.He has opened up new areas of coal-derived gas exploration,natural gas formation theory and formation“ control conditions of large ” medium gas fields.

Post-subdution evolution of the Northern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet: Constraints from geochemical anomalies, chronology and petrogeochemistry

Bangong-Nujiang collisional zone(BNCZ)is an older one in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and resulted in the famous Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,which plays an important role in evaluating the formation and uplift mechanism of plateau.The northern and central Lhasa Terrane composed the southern part of the BNCZ.Since ore deposits can be used as markers of geodynamic evolution,the authors carried 1∶50000 stream sedimental geochemical exploration in the Xiongmei area in the Northern Lhasa Terrane to manifest the mineralization,and based on this mineralization with geochemical and chronological characteristics of related magmatic rocks to constrain their geodynamics and connection with the evolution of the Lhasa Terrane.The authors find Early Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu,Mo mineralization,Late Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu,Mo,and W mineralization in the studying area.The results suggest a southward subduction,slab rolling back and break-off,and thickened lithosphere delamination successively occurred within the Northern Lhasa Terrane.

胶东型金矿

胶东是全球唯一已知赋存于前寒武纪变质地体中的晚中生代巨型金矿省,其成矿系统独具特色,具体表现为:(1)位于陆内复合构造域,经历了多期重大构造-热事件,大规模金成矿作用受控于120±2Ma古太平洋板块俯冲方向变化及其诱发的软流圈上涌、岩石圈改造和伸展-挤压变形交替及控矿断裂剪压-剪张转换;(2)多重控矿构造和多样赋矿建造联合控制了不同规模和类型金矿的发育,形成了三山岛、焦家、招平、栖霞、郭即和牟乳六条NE向金矿带和三山岛-栖霞EW向富金廊带,导致了金矿化类型(焦家式/破碎带蚀变岩型、玲珑式/石英脉型、蓬家夼式/蚀变砾岩±角砾岩型、辽上式/黄铁矿-碳酸盐脉型)及其地质-地球化学特征的多样性;(3)主要矿化元素Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn均达到工业利用要求,并有多种共/伴生关键金属超常富集;(4)不同金矿带中硫化物Pb同位素组成与探明金资源储量及到郯庐断裂带的距离线性相关,反映距离幔源流体主通道越近、金属硫化物中放射性成因Pb含量和幔源组分占比越多、金成矿强度越大;(5)区域总体相对均一的Δ199 Hg(平均~0.012‰)及Δ199 Hg/Δ201 Hg与金品位呈线性负相关,表明成矿物质来源于富集岩石圈地幔、且地幔被俯冲洋壳及其上覆沉积物交代的程度控制了金品位的高低;(6)区域恒定的Δ33 S同位素组成(~0‰)排除了巨量金源自太古宙变质基底及其重熔花岗岩的可能,重的δ34 S(平均9.0±3.7‰)来源于俯冲的古太平洋板片及其上覆沉积物的脱挥发份;不同金矿带Δ33 S/δ34 S与探明金资源储量及其到郯庐断裂带距离线性相关,反映成矿期地壳伸展程度控制了金成矿强度;(7)区域He-Ar和H-O同位素组成显示壳幔混合特征,焦家式金矿的成矿流体组成更靠近地幔、玲珑式金矿位于地幔与地壳过渡带;三山岛、焦家和招平金矿带的成矿流体相对接近幔源流体,而郭即金矿带具有相对开放的构造环境;不同金矿带氢-氧同位素组成和探明金资源储量正相关,可能表征了从西到东成矿流体通量和流体-岩石反应强度逐渐降低。基于对上述特征的总结,提出了胶东型金矿的成因模式,明确了其成矿地球动力学背景和深部驱动、巨量金属和流体及络合物来源、输运通道和方式、源→汇过程和机制、成矿后变化和保存等成矿系统形成的关键因素,确立了“拆离断裂系与基底活化带及幔源流体通道复合控矿”的勘查思路和“四步式”的勘查模型。综上,胶东金矿不同尺度的鉴别特征及其形成的关键因素明显不同于全球已知的其他金矿类型,难以被已有成矿模式所涵盖,属于一种新的金矿类型——胶东型,其成因模式对华北、华南、西伯利亚、西澳伊尔岗、北美怀俄明和南美圭亚那等陆内金矿床具有普适性;系列找矿突破则验证了该成因模式与勘查模型的合理性和适用性。因此,本文认为胶东型金矿是全球研究热点和重要的金矿勘查方向,而该地区找矿的主攻目标是资源量大且品位和产状稳定的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。

坦桑尼亚恩泽加地区覆盖区选区评价及综合找矿方法研究

恩泽加(Nzega)绿岩带为坦桑尼亚环维多利亚湖八大绿岩带之一,为坦桑尼亚重要的产金区域之一。由于其地表覆盖程度较高,地质调查和勘查工作程度较低,虽然针对隐伏型金矿床尚具备一定的找矿潜力,但同时也面临选区评价和找矿困难的问题。研究表明:在选区评价中,针对太古界尼安萨群条带状铁建造的区域航磁异常解译和研究区地球化学金异常分析是最主要的;而在采用地物化综合找矿方法开展勘查工作中,磁法和激电法结合对于寻找覆盖区下的含铁建造内部或接触带附近或剪切带内的金矿床效果较好。该地区首次使用了取样钻施工采样,对覆盖层下发育的含金矿化蚀变带进行了地质工程揭露,取得了一定的找矿成果,先后发现了伊博罗格罗(Iborogo)、卢素(Lusu)和乔马(Choma)等多个金矿床(点)。

甘肃北山红柳园—辉铜山地区成矿地质条件、地球化学特征及找矿新发现

甘肃北山红柳园—辉铜山地区位于甘肃北山南带,是形成铜、镍、铁、铅锌、钼、金、银等矿床的有利地区,具有较好的找矿潜力。通过开展成矿地质条件分析,总结控矿关键因素,依据水系沉积物地球化学特征,确定Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、W、Sn、Ni、Cu为区内主要的成矿(伴生)元素。Ni、Cu异常与基性-超基性侵入岩的分布有关,Au异常受华力西中期似斑状花岗岩及加里东晚期石英闪长岩控制明显,与区域性断裂及其旁侧平行或“入”字斜交的次级断裂关系密切。异常查证新发现铭扬铜镍矿、杨帆金矿等多处矿点及矿化线索,结合区域地质、物探、化探特征,优选出4处具较大成矿潜力的找矿远景区,尤其是早古生代铭杨铜镍矿的发现,实现了北山地区近年来铜镍矿找矿新突破。研究成果可为下一步找矿勘查部署提供重要依据。

阿尔金山冰沟一带花岗岩地球化学特征及对大地构造的演化启示

本文对出露于阿尔金山冰沟构造岩浆岩带内冰沟序列花岗岩进行了岩石学、地球化学、和锆石SHRIMP UPb年代学研究。地球化学特征显示:花岗岩高硅、钠,低铁、镁、钙的特征,铝饱和指数为0.88~1.01,为准铝质“I”型花岗岩;富集Rb,Th和LREE,亏损Ta,Nb,Zr,Hf和HREE;大多具负铕异常,δEu值为0.52~0.62。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示:冰沟序列侵入岩中花岗闪长岩年龄为(410.7±11.9)Ma,二长花岗岩年龄为(418.5±9.6)Ma,辉长岩年龄为(449.5±10.9)Ma。结合区域地质、地球化学特征揭示花岗岩岩体形成于后碰撞伸展阶段,认为同碰撞挤压造山阶段向后碰撞伸展转换阶段时间节点约为440 Ma,后碰撞伸展作用和偏碱性岩浆活动时代为440~410 Ma,持续约30 Ma。晚奥陶世北阿尔金古洋盆闭合,在有限洋盆造山带(冰沟序列侵入岩)形成规模较大的消减活动板块边缘(岛弧或活动大陆边缘)构造岩浆岩带。

青海上庄含碳酸岩杂岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海上庄杂岩体为磷、铁、稀土矿化岩体,且磷矿石是磷肥生产的重要材料。上庄杂岩体包括超镁铁质岩、碱性正长岩和碳酸岩,碳酸岩主要为方解石碳酸岩,次为白云石碳酸岩,前人对辉石岩进行了详细的研究,然而,辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩整体的岩石成因和矿化机制还不清楚。文章开展了岩相学、全岩主微量元素、C-O-Sr-Nd同位素的研究。岩相学研究表明,岩石形成顺序为辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩。方解石碳酸岩的Sr、Ba含量分别为10928.13×10^(-6)、14293.18×10^(-6),δ^(13)C值为-4.72‰,表明其为火成碳酸岩。辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Sr、Ba,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf亏损,相似的微量元素配分型式及Sr-Nd同位素特征表明杂岩体具有共同的地幔源区,该地幔源区曾被俯冲物质交代而富集。研究表明,上庄偏碱性辉石岩-碱性正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体形成于俯冲向伸展环境转变的构造体制,幔源偏碱性碳酸质基性岩浆由于镁铁质矿物及磷灰石结晶形成Fe-P-REE富集的单斜辉石岩,残余熔体成分向长英质端元分异,形成正长岩,随后碳酸岩熔体可能由不混溶作用产生,形成碳酸岩,碳酸岩出溶的流体对正长岩交代可能是交代正长岩具较高稀土含量的原因。

贵州省桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾元素分布特征及生态环境评价

【研究目的】钾是植物必需的三大营养元素之一,也是土壤肥力的重要影响因子。开展桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾分布特征研究,为县域农业发展、生态环境评价提供环境地质本底参考。【研究方法】本文以桐梓县为研究区,依据耕地质量地球化学调查所获得的表层土壤样品中钾、速效钾等指标数据,系统地探讨了耕地表层土壤钾和速效钾的含量、空间分布特征、等级状况及影响因素。【研究结果】研究区耕地表层土壤钾含量范围为2.50~49.60g/kg,平均值为20.30 g/kg;钾含量整体以中等、较丰富、丰富等级为主。速效钾含量范围为22.40~684.00 mg/kg,平均值为112.66 mg/kg;速效钾含量整体为中等至较缺乏等级。耕地表层土壤钾、阳离子交换量与速效钾呈正相关关系,pH与速效钾呈负相关关系。【结论】研究区耕地表层土壤钾、速效钾分布不均衡。耕地表层土壤钾受地质背景影响显著,高值区、低值区的分布与区内地层、构造套合较好。耕地表层土壤钾含量主受控于成土母岩,钾在灰岩及其形成的土壤中含量较低,其在南部乡镇集中大面积缺乏与广泛分布的二叠系茅口组灰岩母岩区有关。

海洋地质实验测试技术及研究进展

实验测试处在数据获取的“第一线”,承担着准确支撑科研论述的重要使命,是海洋地质工作的重要组成部分。近年来随着中国海洋地质调查事业的蓬勃发展,青岛海洋地质研究所现已建成专业学科比较齐全、海洋特色鲜明的综合性实验测试室,检测项目涵盖无机化学分析、有机化学分析、碎屑矿物鉴定、薄岩石片鉴定、黏土矿物定量分析、粒度分析、稳定同位素分析、放射性同位素测年、释光测年、微古鉴定和岩芯管理等十多个专业类型。实验室在完成自然资源、生态、环境、农业等新领域技术与服务对接的同时,结合深海、极地、自然资源全要素调查等科研项目设置的测试任务及研究内容,开展创新机制探索改革,持续形成高水平论文和创新型专利成果,不断满足海洋基础地质调查、海洋矿产资源调查和海洋环境地质调查工作对分析测试的新要求。

柴达木盆地北缘新生代沉积物再旋回作用研究:以大红沟剖面为例

【研究目的】近来,越来越多的研究显示沉积物再旋回作用在构造事件反演、沉积物源区识别以及风尘沉积溯源等方面具有重要作用。【研究方法】为了探究柴达木盆地新生代沉积物再旋回作用,本文对柴北缘大红沟剖面的砂岩进行了薄片鉴定、碎屑颗粒统计和重矿物等分析,以及对泥岩进行了主微量与稀土元素、黏土矿物等分析。【研究结果】大红沟剖面泥岩的主微量元素与稀土元素分别表现出相似的大陆上地壳(UCC)和球粒陨石标准化配分模式,可能表明沉积物已完全混合或发生再旋回作用;砂岩的主要成分为石英以及少量的长石和岩屑,其中岩屑主要由沉积岩屑组成,表明其源区主要为再旋回造山带;剖面上部稳定重矿物的含量和锆石、电气石和金红石(ZTR)指数突然降低,这表明后期可能主要为近源堆积;相反,黏土矿物中易发生分解的绿泥石的含量在剖面上部突然增加,这也表明此时的物源区更近,有更多的绿泥石保存下来。【结论】综合已有的地层沉积相、砂岩薄片以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄等资料,认为柴北缘逆冲褶皱带内广泛分布的侏罗系和白垩系沉积岩曾经历过大规模的沉积物再旋回作用,是盆地新生代地层的重要源区之一;近来的碎屑磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,柴北缘新生代沉积岩在9~7 Ma经历了显著的沉积物再旋回作用;随着逆冲褶皱作用进一步向盆地内部扩展,~3 Ma以后盆地北部的隆起区沉积岩再次经历沉积物再旋回作用,可能成为柴达木盆地第四纪湖泊以及中国黄土高原黄土的重要源区。

北大别木子店地区早白垩世辉长岩地球化学特征及其对构造环境的指示

为揭示大别造山带基性岩的成因及构造背景,应用LA-ICP-MS锆石定年和地球化学分析,探讨了北大别木子店地区雷家湾辉长岩的成岩年龄、地球化学特征,并通过与安徽段基性—超基性岩对比,揭示了大别造山带基性—超基性岩成因和构造环境。结果显示,北大别木子店地区雷家湾辉长岩成岩年龄为122.3±1.0 Ma。雷家湾辉长岩的SiO2含量介于45.00%~50.69%之间,平均值为48.02%;Mg#值变化范围在45.62~53.49之间,平均值为47.86;K2O+Na2O含量变化于4.68%~7.03%之间,平均值为6.31%,属于碱性系列;富集Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素,亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素;与安徽段基性—超基性岩具有相似的野外特征和岩石地球化学性质。岩石成因研究显示,雷家湾辉长岩的幔源母岩浆有地壳物质的加入,作用方式应该为源区的混合,地壳物质的加入可能与三叠纪以来扬子板块向华北板块俯冲后加厚岩石圈的拆沉作用有关。大别造山带130 Ma左右基性—超基性岩的出现可能暗示构造体制由挤压向伸展转换。