A novel method of photographic geological logging based on parallel image sequence in small tunnel

Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of exploratory tunnels has always been taking the method of manual sketch work which has low efficiency and poor informatization degree of products, and it is a technical issue requiring urgent settlement for geological logging of small tunnels. This paper proposes and studies novel methods of photographic geological logging suitable for small tunnels, including image acquisition, image orientation control, image geometric correction, unfolded image map generation and geological attitude measurement, etc. Experiments show that the method can meet the precision requirement of geological logging. The novel method helps to realize the fast acquisition and processing of image-based geological logging data for small tunnels, and the forms of logging result are more abundant and more applicable to informatized management and application of geological logging data.

Characteristics of Paleoseismic Activity Along the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault on the Eastern Section of the Qilian Mountains

The Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan fault lies east of the main peak, Lenglongling Mount, in the east part of the Qilian Mountains and is one of the major active faults on the eastern section of the Qilian Mountains. The fault is separated into two segments at Guanjiatai village, the eastern and western segments, and has undergone obvious movement since the Holocene. Six trenches were excavated to study the pa!eoseismic activity along the fault. Integrated and comparative analysis of sediments in the trenches reveals 7 paleoseismic events and a historic earthquake on the fault since the Holocene. Their ages are： event Ⅰ is （10743 ± 343 ）a BP,event Ⅱ （9038 ± 39）a BP, event Ⅲ （7050 ± 577）a BP, event Ⅳ （4847 ± 185）a BP, event Ⅴ（3562 ± 190）a BP, event Ⅵ （2476 ±194） a BP, and event Ⅶ（1505 ± 253）, respectively, and event Ⅷ is the 1927 Gulang Ms8. 0 earthquake. It indicates that the fault might have contributed to the 1927 Gulang Ms8.0 earthquake. The temporal and spatial distribution of the paleoseismic events is relatively uniform and is characterized approximately by a quasiperiodic recurrence.

Experimental study of the azimuthal performance of 3D acoustic transmitter stations

Better well logging techniques for geologic investigations are urgently needed to identify and evaluate complex reservoirs.We describe a new type of 3D transmitter station with corresponding circuits and bodies.They can be used in a promising new technique of acoustic reflection well logging,that features better azimuthal detection capabilities,as well as better investigation depth.The transmitter stations consist of three-level subarrays that can radiate acoustic energy in any required azimuth of 3D space by circularly exciting various combinations at different levels.We tested the 3D acoustic transmitter stations and obtained laboratory directivity measurements with the3 D acoustic transmitter stations for the first time.The results show that the 3-d B beam width in the horizontal plane ranges from 59° to 67° as a result of phase-delayed excitation.The main beam is steered in the vertical plane at a deflection angle that ranges from 0° to 16° when the delay time of the excitation pulse between each pair of adjacent arc arrays is gradually adjusted.The 3-d B beam width is equal to 11°,whereas the deflection angle in the vertical plane is equal to 14°.Each of the four third-level subarrays in the same circumferential direction display consistent horizontal and vertical directivities,thus satisfying the requirements of azimuthal acoustic reflection logging.