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Geometrical Structures of Certain Class of Statistical Manifolds
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作者 张真宁 孙华飞 仲锋惟 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2008年第3期368-371,共4页
The geometrical structures of the certain class of statistical manifolds are investigated. The geometwhich includes the original geometrical metrics of S.Amari.
关键词 information geometry geometrical structure probability density function
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From concept to commercialization:A review of tubular solid oxide fuel cell technology 被引量:1
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作者 Ruyan Chen Yuan Gao +4 位作者 Jiutao Gao Huiyu Zhang Martin Motola Muhammad Bilal Hanif Cheng-Xin Li 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期79-109,I0003,共32页
The reduced sealing difficulty of tubular solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)makes the stacking of tubular cell groups relatively easy,and the thermal stress constraints during stack operation are smaller,which helps the st... The reduced sealing difficulty of tubular solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)makes the stacking of tubular cell groups relatively easy,and the thermal stress constraints during stack operation are smaller,which helps the stack to operate stably for a long time.The special design of tubular SOFC structures can completely solve the problem of high-temperature sealing,especially in the design of multiple single-cell series integrated into one tube,where each cell tube is equivalent to a small electric stack,with unique characteristics of high voltage and low current output,which can significantly reduce the ohmic polarization loss of tubular cells.This paper provides an overview of typical tubular SOFC structural designs both domestically and internationally.Based on the geometric structure of tubular SOFCs,they can be divided into bamboo tubes,bamboo flat tubes,single-section tubes,and single-section flat tube structures.Meanwhile,this article provides an overview of commonly used materials and preparation methods for tubular SOFCs,including commonly used materials and preparation methods for support and functional layers,as well as a comparison of commonly used preparation methods for microtubule SOFCs,It introduced the three most important parts of building a fuel cell stack:manifold,current collector,and ceramic adhesive,and also provided a detailed introduction to the power generation systems of different tubular SOFCs,Finally,the development prospects of tubular SOFCs were discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Tubular solid oxide fuel cell Support material Geometric structure Preparation methods STACK
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Boosting Electrochemical Urea Synthesis via Constructing Ordered Pd–Zn Active Pair
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作者 Weiliang Zhou Chao Feng +12 位作者 Xuan Li Xingxing Jiang Lingyan Jing Shuai Qi Qihua Huo Miaoyuan Lv Xinbao Chen Tianchi Huang Jingwen Zhao Na Meng Hengpan Yang Qi Hu Chuanxin He 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期529-540,共12页
Electrochemical co-reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has been widely regarded as a promising route to produce urea under ambient conditions,however the yield rate of urea has remained limited.H... Electrochemical co-reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has been widely regarded as a promising route to produce urea under ambient conditions,however the yield rate of urea has remained limited.Here,we report an atomically ordered intermetallic pallium-zinc(PdZn)electrocatalyst comprising a high density of PdZn pairs for boosting urea electrosynthesis.It is found that Pd and Zn are responsible for the adsorption and activation of NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2),respectively,and thus the co-adsorption and co-activation NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2) are achieved in ordered PdZn pairs.More importantly,the ordered and well-defined PdZn pairs provide a dual-site geometric structure conducive to the key C-N coupling with a low kinetical barrier,as demonstrated on both operando measurements and theoretical calculations.Consequently,the PdZn electrocatalyst displays excellent performance for the co-reduction to generate urea with a maximum urea Faradaic efficiency of 62.78%and a urea yield rate of 1274.42μg mg^(-1) h^(-1),and the latter is 1.5-fold larger than disordered pairs in PdZn alloys.This work paves new pathways to boost urea electrosynthesis via constructing ordered dual-metal pairs. 展开更多
关键词 Electrochemical C-N coupling Urea electrosynthesis Intermetallic compounds Geometric structures Active pairs
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Geometric properties of the first singlet S-wave excited state of two-electron atoms near the critical nuclear charge
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作者 Tong Chen Sanjiang Yang +2 位作者 Wanping Zhou Xuesong Mei d Haoxue Qiao 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期213-219,共7页
The geometric structure parameters and radial density distribution of 1s2s1S excited state of the two-electron atomic system near the critical nuclear charge Z_(c)were calculated in detail under tripled Hylleraas basi... The geometric structure parameters and radial density distribution of 1s2s1S excited state of the two-electron atomic system near the critical nuclear charge Z_(c)were calculated in detail under tripled Hylleraas basis set.Contrary to the localized behavior observed in the ground and the doubly excited 2p^(23)Pe states,for this state our results identify that while the behavior of the inner electron increasingly resembles that of a hydrogen-like atomic system,the outer electron in the excited state exhibits diffused hydrogen-like character and becomes perpendicular to the inner electron as nuclear charge Z approaches Z_(c).This study provides insights into the electronic structure and stability of the two-electron system in the vicinity of the critical nuclear charge. 展开更多
关键词 critical nuclear charge two-electron atomic system geometric structure density distribution
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An Original Didactic of the Standard Model “The Particle’s Geometric Model” (Nucleons and K-Mesons)
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作者 Giovanni Guido Abele Bianchi Gianluigi Filippelli 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第3期1054-1078,共25页
This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes o... This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (IQuO). By the properties of IQuO one can define the electric charge and that of color of quarks. Showing the “aurea” (golden) triangular shape of all quarks, we manage to represent the geometric combinations of the nucleons, light mesons, and K-mesons. By the geometric shape of W-bosons, we represent the weak decay of pions and charged Kaons and neutral, highlighting in geometric terms the possibilities of decay in two and three pions of neutral Kaon and the transition to anti-Kaon. In conclusion, from this didactic representation, an in-depth and exhaustive phenomenology of hadrons emerges, which even manages to resolve some problematic aspects of the SM. 展开更多
关键词 Golden Particle Quark Sub-Oscillator Semi-Quanta IQuO Geometric structure Golden Number Massive Coupling INTERPENETRATION NUCLEON KAON BOSON
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An Original Didactic about Standard Model (Geometric Model of Particle: The Quarks)
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作者 Giovanni Guido Abele Bianchi Gianluigi Filippelli 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第2期854-874,共21页
This work shows a didactic model representative of the quarks described in the Standard Model (SM). In the model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillator... This work shows a didactic model representative of the quarks described in the Standard Model (SM). In the model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (GMP). From these didactic hypotheses emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles (quarks) fully compatible with that of SM, showing, besides, that the number of possible quarks is six. 展开更多
关键词 Golden Particle QUARK Sub-Oscillator Semi-Quanta IQuO Geometric structure Golden Number Massive Coupling INTERPENETRATION IQuO PION MESON
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Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Structured Self-Representation
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作者 Yanbei Liu Kaihua Liu +2 位作者 Xiao Wang Changqing Zhang Xianchao Tang 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2018年第3期62-73,共12页
Unsupervised feature selection has become an important and challenging problem faced with vast amounts of unlabeled and high-dimension data in machine learning. We propose a novel unsupervised feature selection method... Unsupervised feature selection has become an important and challenging problem faced with vast amounts of unlabeled and high-dimension data in machine learning. We propose a novel unsupervised feature selection method using Structured Self-Representation( SSR) by simultaneously taking into account the selfrepresentation property and local geometrical structure of features. Concretely,according to the inherent selfrepresentation property of features,the most representative features can be selected. Mean while,to obtain more accurate results,we explore local geometrical structure to constrain the representation coefficients to be close to each other if the features are close to each other. Furthermore,an efficient algorithm is presented for optimizing the objective function. Finally,experiments on the synthetic dataset and six benchmark real-world datasets,including biomedical data,letter recognition digit data and face image data,demonstrate the encouraging performance of the proposed algorithm compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. 展开更多
关键词 unsupervised feature selection local geometrical structure self-representation property high-dimension data
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Structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of F-doped Sin (n=1~12) clusters:Density functional theory investigation
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作者 张帅 蒋华龙 +3 位作者 王萍 卢成 李根全 张萍 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第12期230-237,共8页
The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of FSin (n=1~12) clusters are systematically investigated by using first-principles calculations based on the hybrid density-functional theory at the B3LYP/6-3... The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of FSin (n=1~12) clusters are systematically investigated by using first-principles calculations based on the hybrid density-functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G level. The geometries are found to undergo a structural change from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure when the cluster size n equals 3. On the basis of the obtained lowest-energy geometries, the size dependencies of cluster properties, such as averaged binding energy, fragmentation energy, second-order energy difference, HOMO–LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gap and chemical hardness, are discussed. In addition, natural population analysis indicates that the F atom in the most stable FSin cluster is recorded as being negative and the charges always transfer from Si atoms to the F atom in the FSin clusters. 展开更多
关键词 FSin cluster density-functional theory geometrical structures electronic properties
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Three-dimensional spatial structure of the macro-pores and flow simulation in anthracite coal based on X-ray μ-CT scanning data 被引量:3
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作者 Hui-Huang Fang Shu-Xun Sang Shi-Qi Liu 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第5期1221-1236,共16页
The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carr... The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier.The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1-16 μm and 1.03-8.9 μm,respectively,and the throat length is 3.28-231.25 μm.The coordination number of pores concentrates around three,and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3-4 μm,which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity.During the single-channel flow,the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow,and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall.Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows,the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction,while the velocity increases.The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice.The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane,while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane.The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(Y-axis) is the largest,followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(X-axis),and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest. 展开更多
关键词 X-rayμ-CT Representative elementary volume Pore network model Geometric and topological structures Flow simulation COMSOL
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Geometric Structures of Stable Time-Variant State Feedback Systems 被引量:2
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作者 仲锋惟 孙华飞 张真宁 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2007年第4期500-504,共5页
A new technique for considering the stabilizing time-variant state feedback gains is proposed from the viewpoint of information geometry. First, parametrization of the set of all stabilizing time-variant state feedbac... A new technique for considering the stabilizing time-variant state feedback gains is proposed from the viewpoint of information geometry. First, parametrization of the set of all stabilizing time-variant state feedback gains is given. Moreover, a diffeomorphic structure between the set of stabilizing time-variant state feedback gains and the Cartesian product of positive definite matrix and skew symmetric matrix satisfying certain algebraic conditions is constructed. Furthermore, an immersion and some results about the eigenvalue locations of stable state feedback systems are derived. 展开更多
关键词 geometric structure state feedback IMMERSION DIFFEOMORPHISM
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A Density Functional Theory Study of the Geometric and Electronic Structure of MgF_2 (110) Surface
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作者 王丽平 HAN Peide +2 位作者 ZHANG Caili HAO Yuying 许并社 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第1期22-25,共4页
Abstract" Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) was employed to study geometric and electronic structure of MgF2 (110) surface. Three different clean surface models have been considered. The results show that... Abstract" Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) was employed to study geometric and electronic structure of MgF2 (110) surface. Three different clean surface models have been considered. The results show that the surface terminated with one-layer F has the smallest relaxation and the lowest surface energy, which indicates this model is the most energetically favorable structure of MgF2(110) surface. Furthermore, the electronic properties are also discussed from the point of density of states and charge density. Analysis of electronic structure shows that the band gap of the surface is significantly narrowed with respect to the bulk. The electrons of the surface exhibit strong locality and larger effective mass. 展开更多
关键词 geometric structure electronic structure STABILITY surface energy first principles
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Quantum Chemical Calculation on the Structures and Electronic Properties of Phosphonate Ester as Rare Earth Extractants
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作者 张绍文 沈剑韵 +1 位作者 孙军 王淀佐 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1998年第2期2-5,共4页
Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and semi empirical quantum chemical method have been used to study the geometric and electronic structures of six phosphonate ester as rare earth extractants. The results show ... Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and semi empirical quantum chemical method have been used to study the geometric and electronic structures of six phosphonate ester as rare earth extractants. The results show that the phosphorus atom exhibits sp 3 hybridization. The structures of the extractants are determined by the repulsion of the hydrocarbon groups. In the extractants that have two 2 ethyl hexyl groups, one 2 ethyl hexyl extends straight, and the other extends twistily. When the number of oxygen atom decreases, the negative charge of the phosphoryl oxygen atom increases, but the negative charge of oxygen atom and the positive charge of hydrogen of the hydroxyl group decreases, and the energies of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) increase. The energies of the occupied frontier orbitals are close to each other. 展开更多
关键词 Rare earths Quantum chemical method Rare earth extractant Phosphonate ester Electronic properties Geometric structure
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Information Geometric Structures for the Thermodynamic Manifold
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作者 张士诚 孙华飞 李春辉 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2010年第4期491-494,共4页
In view of information geometry,the state space S of thermodynamic parameters is investigated.First a Riemannian metric for S is defined and then the α-geometric structures of S is given.Some of results obtained by o... In view of information geometry,the state space S of thermodynamic parameters is investigated.First a Riemannian metric for S is defined and then the α-geometric structures of S is given.Some of results obtained by other authors are extended. 展开更多
关键词 thermodynamic manifold information geometry geometric structure
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GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF ETHYLENOXIDE ADSORBED ON Cu(110) SURFACE
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作者 Xun Sheng Zhang Department of Physics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027, P.R.China Zhi Qiang Du Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University 《真空科学与技术学报》 EI CAS CSCD 1992年第Z1期123-126,共4页
The binding energies of ethylene oxide (Et-O) adsorbed on Cu(110) surface for different adsorption sites and orientations are calculated with an atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-M... The binding energies of ethylene oxide (Et-O) adsorbed on Cu(110) surface for different adsorption sites and orientations are calculated with an atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) using cluster models. It shows that the top site of Cu(110) surface is preferable for Et-O adsorption and the orientation of C-C bond of Et-O is parallel to the [110] direction of the substratc. The distance of an oxygen of Et-O to the Cu atom is approximately 1.5817(?). It is different from the supposition of C. Benndorf et al., in which the oxygen was proposed on the short bridge site with C-C bond orientating to [110] direction of Cu(110) 展开更多
关键词 110 GEOMETRIC structure OF ETHYLENOXIDE ADSORBED ON Cu SURFACE
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An Initial Research on the Geometric Theory of Quasicrystal Structures
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作者 Chen Jingzhong Wan Anwa Lou Xiangyu Zhao Wenxia Liu XiangwenChina University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1992年第1期29-33,共5页
The geometric theory of quasicrystal structure is an important subject in quasicrystal research. The authors deduce the quasicrystal plane geometric lattices from the stereograms of quasicrystal space geometric lattic... The geometric theory of quasicrystal structure is an important subject in quasicrystal research. The authors deduce the quasicrystal plane geometric lattices from the stereograms of quasicrystal space geometric lattice , and put them together to form the geometric lattices of quasicrystal structures . The general characteristics of quasicrystal geometric lattices , the relation between structural models and geometric lattices , and the relation formula (k=0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10,12) of the symmetric axis between quasicrystal and crystal are discussed based on the quasicrystal space geometric lattices. This is of significant in quasicrystal research . 展开更多
关键词 geometric theory of quasicrystal structure quasicrystal space lattice quasicrystal plane lattice quasicrystal geometric lattice .
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Geometric Structure and Tectonic Activities of Wanquan Fault,Hebei Province
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作者 Zhou Jianglin You Huichuan +4 位作者 Zhou Yueling Shao Cuiru Yang Qiyan Li Jinjin Zhang Zhengyu 《Earthquake Research in China》 2013年第2期223-232,共10页
Based on detailed investigations and prospecting,this paper describes the geometrical characteristics and tectonic activities of Wanquan fault in northwest of Beijing. This fault strikes mainly northeast or northeast ... Based on detailed investigations and prospecting,this paper describes the geometrical characteristics and tectonic activities of Wanquan fault in northwest of Beijing. This fault strikes mainly northeast or northeast to north,dipping southeast,and extends over a length of 15km. It is a major geological and geomorphological margin,controlling the neotectonic movement in this region. On the southeast side of Wanquan fault are the Late Quaternary unconsolidated deposits,forming a basin or deposition; but on the other side is Mesozoic volcano debris,forming lower-mountains and hills. Wanquan fault is a mid- to-high-angle normal fault dipping southeast. This fault was more active in the Quaternary. Since the middle-late part of the alate Pleistocene,the average rate with vertical slip of a single fault is over 0. 03 ~ 0. 3mm /a,but the fault has multiple slipping surfaces,and a total rate with vertical slip will be estimated. 展开更多
关键词 Wanquan fault Geometric structure Tectonic activities
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In situ confined vertical growth of Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)nanoarrays on rGO for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction 被引量:1
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作者 Yang Mu Xiaoyu Pei +5 位作者 Yunfeng Zhao Xueying Dong Zongkui Kou Miao Cui Changgong Meng Yifu Zhang 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期351-360,共10页
Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silic... Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts. 展开更多
关键词 Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)@rGO Vertical grown nanoarrays Geometric and electronic structure regulation Metal-support interactions Oxygen evolution reaction
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Boosted urea electro-oxidation over Ni_(3)N-based nanocomposite via systematic regulation tactic
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作者 Ping Li Yuqi Huang +2 位作者 Quhua Huang Wenqin Li Shuanghong Tian 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第12期479-490,I0013,共13页
Exploiting high-efficiency Ni-based materials for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction(UOR) is critical for urea-related technologies.The catalytic site density,intrinsic activity,charge transfer,and mass diffusio... Exploiting high-efficiency Ni-based materials for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction(UOR) is critical for urea-related technologies.The catalytic site density,intrinsic activity,charge transfer,and mass diffusion determine overall electrocatalytic efficiency.Simultaneous modulation over the above four factors promises advanced electrocatalysis,yet challenging.Herein we propose a systematic regulation tactic over composition and geometric structure,constructing a nanocomposite comprising Mn doped Ni_(3)N nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO/Mn-Ni_(3)N),achieving elegant integration of four design principles into one,thereby eminently boosting UOR.Particularly,Mn doping in Ni_(3)N can modulate electronic state to induce intrinsic activity regulation.Combining metallic Mn-Ni_(3)N with rGO to engineer hierarchical architecture not only promotes charge transfer,but also enriches active site population.Intriguingly,improved hydrophilicity could impart better electrolyte penetration and gas escape.Consequently,such system-optimized rGO/Mn-Ni_(3)N demonstrates state-of-the-art-level UOR electrocatalysis.This work offers a novel paradigm to create advanced catalysts via systematic and integrated modulation. 展开更多
关键词 Ni_(3)N Geometric structure Composition engineering Systematic regulation Urea oxidation
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A Novelty Solution to the Neutron Anomaly (An Anomalous Neutron or “Dark”?)
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作者 Giovanni Guido Abele Bianchi 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2023年第1期353-378,共26页
To explain the anomaly (τ<sub>b</sub> ≠ τ<sub>f</sub>) of the neutron lifetime τ in some experiments, in “bottle” τ<sub>b</sub> and in “beam” τ<sub>f</sub>, we... To explain the anomaly (τ<sub>b</sub> ≠ τ<sub>f</sub>) of the neutron lifetime τ in some experiments, in “bottle” τ<sub>b</sub> and in “beam” τ<sub>f</sub>, we resort to an anomalous form of the neutron n<sub>a</sub>. This form belongs to one of two different states of the structure of the quark configurations making up the neutron (nucleon): first, an ordinary form Ψ<sub>o</sub>, while the second is an “anomalous” form Ψ<sub>a</sub>, difficult to detect and decay. If the ordinary configuration is present in everyone nuclear processes, to strong and weak interactions, and in diffusion processes, the anomalous form can emerge, in casual way and probabilistic, in some processes of fusion with production of neutrons and can be highlighted in some experiments as those in “bottle” and in “beam”, see the anomaly of the neutron lifetime. We show that the anomalous form Ψ<sub>a</sub> can be highlighted in the coupling between a dipoles’ lattice of virtual bosons W and the neutron (nucleon) because the neutron into anomalous configuration does not decays. Finally, we interpret the anomalous neutron as a “dark” neutron, presenting, so, the dark matter as an anomalous form of hadron matter. 展开更多
关键词 ANOMALY Anomalous Neutron Dark Neutron Geometric structure Discrepancy Bosons’ Lattice Weak Decay
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Resolving the geometric structure of trastuzumab by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry
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作者 Wenjing Zhang Jie Hong +3 位作者 Lei Yang Zuqiang Xu Yu Xiang Wei Xu 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期221-225,共5页
Available online Immunoglobulins G(IgGs)are Y-shaped globular proteins,however,their high flexibility and heterogeneity pose great challenges to their structure and conformation determinations.Geometric structure of I... Available online Immunoglobulins G(IgGs)are Y-shaped globular proteins,however,their high flexibility and heterogeneity pose great challenges to their structure and conformation determinations.Geometric structure of IgG closely correlates to its biofunctions,such as the antibody escape of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)could attribute to the distance mismatch between the ends of two Fab arms(antigen-binding sites)and envelope glycoprotein spikes on virion surface.Herein,we report the first use of mobility capillary electrophoresis(MCE)and native mass spectrometry(nMS)to resolve the internal geometric structure and conformation of an IgG(trastuzumab)in solution phase.After proteolysis,the ellipsoid dimensions of IgG and its subunits were measured by MCE-nMS experiments.IgG was then reconstructed,in which the sizes and relative positions of these three subunits in three-dimensional space were characterized.It was found that the two Fab arms have an angle of~102.1°and a distance of~11.0 nm between the two antigen-binding sites under native condition,and the Fc arm was tilted~16.0°towards one of the Fab arms.Fc was not on the plane of Fab-Fab,but has an angle of no larger than 103.1°.Under acidic environment(pH 3.0),each subunit of the IgG would unfold into larger dimensions,and the angles between these subunits also change.With great potential for tumor imaging and therapy,the structure of F(ab')_(2)fragments was also measured and validated by molecular dynamic simulation.It was found that the electrostatic force among these three subunits and steric hindrance stemming from Fc help maintaining the angle between two Fab arms. 展开更多
关键词 Native mass spectrometry Mobility capillary electrophoresis TRASTUZUMAB Protein structure Geometric structure
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