The Protective Effects of Flavonoids from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Stems and Leaves on Oligodendrocyte Damage Induced by Aβ1-42

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of flavonoids from the stem and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSFs) against Aβ1-42-induced oligodendrocytes (OL) damage. Methods: Immunofluorescence was used for the detection of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a characteristic protein of rat oligodendrocytes (OLN-93 cells). To evaluate the potential protective effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells injured by Aβ1-42, an injury model was established by subjecting OLN-93 cells to Aβ1-42 exposed. Cell morphology was examined using an inverted microscope, while cell viability was assessed using the colorimetric method of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured using the pyruvic acid reduction assay. The Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) injection was used as a positive control. Results: A total of >95% of the MAG immunofluorescence-positive cells were identified as oligodendrocytes. Gradually increasing concentrations of SSFs impaired the cells, and the maximum nondetrimental dose for OLN-93 cells was 75 mg/L. This study assessed the effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells damaged by Aβ1-42. The results indicated that SSFs significantly improved OLN-93 cell morphological abnormal changes, increased the OLN-93 cell survival rate, and reduced LDH release. Conclusion: SSFs can alleviate Aβ1-42-induced damage of OL.

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Magnolia officinalis against Phytophthora nicotianae

Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced.At present,the control of P.nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and health issues.We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG)and Magnolia officinalis(MO).On mycelial growth,sporangium formation,and zoospore release of P.nicotianae.Both extracts inhibited the growth of P.nicotianae,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92%and 93.92%,respectively,at 40 mg/mL,and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL,respectively.The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation,the reduction of zoospore number,and the destruction of the mycelium structure.At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL,the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66%and 99.39%,respectively.At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL,the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited.The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage.Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling,whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae.Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.

Research Progress on Authenticity Formation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

By analyzing the key factors affecting the authenticity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,this paper focuses on summarizing the research progress of environmental factors(light,temperature,water content,soil),genetic factors and other factors,in order to ensure the quality of S.baicalensis Georgi,find potential suitable areas of S.baicalensis Georgi,and further promote the sustainable development of Chinese medicine resources.

基于网络药理学探讨黄芩治疗痤疮活性成分及作用机制

目的基于网络药理学方法,探索黄芩治疗痤疮的主要活性成分及其分子作用机制。方法运用中药系统药理学分析平台筛选黄芩的主要活性成分及相应的靶蛋白,通过GeneCards、OMIM和TTD数据库筛选出痤疮的相关靶点基因,应用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建黄芩作用靶点的网络可视图。运用STRING数据库绘制蛋白质相互作用网络并进行拓扑分析;使用DAVID数据库对成分-疾病的共有靶点基因进行相互作用分析,包括GO功能注释和KEGG通路分析。结果筛选出黄芩活性成分28个,有效作用的核心靶点35个,蛋白质相互作用分析得到PTGS2、PTGS1、PRKACA、AR、NOS2、PIK3CG等6个核心靶点;KEGG富集分析参与的通路有TP53蛋白参与的癌症通路、HTLV-1感染、TNF、PI3K-AKT等信号通路。结论黄芩通过多成分、多靶点和多通路发挥抗痤疮作用,为临床用药提供了新思路。

黄芩配伍桑白皮的镇痛抗炎作用研究

探究黄芩配伍桑白皮的镇痛、抗炎作用。本研究采用冰醋酸诱导小鼠扭体反应,通过观察扭体次数来评价其外周性镇痛作用;采用常规热板法致小鼠疼痛并通过测定痛阈值来评价其中枢性镇痛作用;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀计算耳肿胀度并通过肿胀抑制率评价其局部抗炎作用;采用20%酵母悬液致大鼠全身炎症性反应并测定血清中前列腺素E2(PGE_(2))、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)炎症因子水平和肺组织损伤状况研究其抗炎作用。结果表明,黄芩配伍桑白皮能明显减少醋酸致小鼠的扭体次数(P<0.05,P<0.01),延长热板法致小鼠疼痛的痛阈值,能显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀并降低由20%酵母悬液建立全身炎性反应的大鼠血清中PGE_(2)、IL-6和TNF-α炎症因子水平(P<0.01),改善肺组织损伤程度,且效果优于黄芩和桑白皮单味药组。黄芩配伍桑白皮具有一定的镇痛、抗炎作用,推测作用机制可能与抑制PGE_(2)、IL-6和TNF-α的合成或释放有关。

取食不同废弃物对白星花金龟虫粪砂肥分和黄芩育苗效果的影响

[目的]白星花金龟作为一种农业害虫,具有很强的转化废弃物的能力,其虫粪砂也有着巨大的有机肥潜力。随着环境问题的愈发严峻和资源的逐渐枯竭,废弃资源再利用已成为绿色生产的一个重要方向。本研究旨在探索不同废弃物作为饲料对白星花金龟虫粪砂肥分和育苗效果的影响,从而为白星花金龟虫粪砂的推广利用提供依据。[方法]本研究采用室内养殖方式,分别饲喂榆黄蘑菌渣、木耳菌渣、猴头菇菌渣、腐熟鸡粪和发酵土豆渣,对不同处理的虫粪砂的pH和各养分含量进行测定;以黄芩作为实验材料,在种子萌发期施用不同处理虫粪砂,测量不同处理的黄芩发芽势、活力指数、苗高、苗高增长速率、移栽成活率。[结果](1)给白星花金龟喂食不同农业废弃物所得的虫粪砂在pH和有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾、全碳含量上有着显著差异;(2)不同处理的虫粪砂对黄芩发芽势、活力指数、苗高、苗高增长速率、移栽成活率都有显著提高作用。[结论]不同废弃物喂养白星花金龟所得虫粪砂的肥分差异显著,应根据农业方面的具体情况选用不同废弃物作为白星花金龟的饲料;白星花金龟虫粪砂对黄芩幼苗的培育有着显著的促进作用,其中榆黄蘑虫粪砂的效果最好。

黄芩斑枯病病原菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

目的:明确黄芩斑枯病病原菌多主棒孢Corynespora cassiicola的生物学特性,筛选高效安全的杀菌剂,科学防治黄芩斑枯病。方法:通过菌落生长速率法评价碳源、氮源、温度、培养基、pH、光照对多主棒孢菌落生长的影响,以及5种杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力。结果:多主棒孢最适生长条件为胡萝卜培养基外源添加可溶性淀粉和蔗糖作为碳源、蛋白胨作为氮源、pH为6、温度为30℃。菌丝致死条件为51℃处理10 min,孢子致死条件为54℃处理10 min。98%多菌灵对多主棒孢的毒力最强,半数效应浓度(EC50)为0.07 mg·L^(-1);其次是98%咯菌腈、98%咪鲜胺和98%吡唑醚菌酯,EC50分别为0.10、0.18、3.06 mg·L^(-1);98%嘧菌酯对多主棒孢的毒力最弱,EC50为632.39 mg·L^(-1)。结论:黄芩斑枯病病原菌适生范围较广,在多种碳源、氮源、培养基及pH条件下均可生长,在中性偏弱酸、较高温条件下生长速度较快。多菌灵和咯菌腈对多主棒孢表现出较强的抑制作用,可考虑将其用于黄芩斑枯病的田间防治。

白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长的影响

为研究白星花金龟(Potosia brevitarsis Lewis)虫粪砂对内蒙道地药材的肥效,采用田间栽培方式,以蚯蚓粪为有机肥对照、化肥为无机肥对照、不施肥为空白对照,研究施用白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材——黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、蒙古黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)、柴胡(Bupleurum chinense)生长情况的影响。结果表明:施用白星花金龟虫粪砂可以显著提高黄芩的株高(16.51%)、地上部鲜质量(452.14%)、主根长(54.08%)、芦头直径(105.93%)、侧根数(44.33%)、根部鲜质量(193.59%)、根部干质量(231.25%)、叶绿素相对质量分数(SPAD,80.78%)、氮质量分数(63.58%)、叶面相对湿度(63.60%)等生长指标,蒙古黄芪的芦头直径(45.45%)、SPAD值(8.33%)、氮质量分数(6.72%)、叶面相对湿度(6.72%)等生长指标,以及柴胡的株高(61.46%)、干物质质量分数(99.91%)、SPAD值(21.91%)、氮质量分数(17.69%)、叶面相对湿度(17.69%)等生长指标。说明白星花金龟虫粪砂对3种内蒙道地药材生长有着不同程度的有利影响,通过主成分分析,其对黄芩的有利影响最大,蒙古黄芪、柴胡次之。

渐进性干旱胁迫下黄芩生理特性及活性成分响应

【目的】研究渐进性干旱胁迫对黄芩生长、生理特性及活性成分的影响。【方法】在移动式旱棚下开展盆栽试验,设田间持水率(FC)的80%、60%、40%共3个初始土壤含水率,研究不同初始土壤含水率下渐进性干旱胁迫后对黄芩生物量、光合特性、渗透物质量、抗氧化酶活性及活性成分的影响。【结果】(1)不同初始土壤含水率下渐进性干旱胁迫对黄芩生物量无显著影响。(2)胁迫期间,80%FC处理黄芩苷量显著增高,40%FC处理黄芩素量显著增高,胁迫后收获时黄芩苷量表现为40%FC处理>60%FC处理>80%FC处理,与80%FC处理相比,40%FC、60%FC处理黄芩苷量显著升高17.3%、11.3%,各处理黄芩素量差异不显著。(3)胁迫期间各处理净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数均持续降低。胁迫8~10 d时,60%FC处理净光合速率与80%FC处理无显著差异。(4)胁迫期间各处理丙二醛量、脯氨酸量均呈不断上升趋势,80%FC处理脯氨酸量较高,最高达121.66μg/g。(5)胁迫期间各处理黄芩过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性变化趋势相似,在胁迫前期活性较低,后期活性逐渐上升;超氧化物歧化酶活性表现为40%FC处理>60%FC处理>80%FC处理。(6)40%FC与60%FC处理中黄芩活性成分收获总量较高。【结论】本试验条件下,重度渐进性干旱胁迫(40%FC)下黄芩光合作用受抑制明显,渗透物质迅速积累,抗氧化酶活性提高,黄芩素量较高。轻度与重度(60%FC与40%FC)渐进性干旱胁迫均有助于提高黄芩活性成分收获量。

基于最大熵模型的我国黄芩生态适宜性研究

目的了解黄芩的生态适宜性,筛选影响其分布的主要生态因子,预测黄芩在我国的适宜栽培区。方法通过第四次全国中药资源普查收集黄芩药材231批次,记录采样点环境信息,应用最大熵模型和地理信息系统进行55个生态因子的综合分析。结果降水量、植被类型及土壤类型对黄芩生长影响较大,黄芩适宜区主要集中在陕西东部、河北西部及承德大部、山西大部、北京西部、辽宁西部、山东中部与东部、江苏与安徽交界处、云南北部、四川东部与南部。结论本研究对黄芩生态适宜区进行划分,研究结果可为黄芩栽培区域的选择提供参考依据。

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

黄芩提取物对百香果采后贮藏品质的影响

目的为研究不同质量浓度黄芩提取物处理对百香果采后贮藏保鲜品质的效果,以期延长百香果贮藏时间。方法以百香果为原料,黄芩提取物为保鲜剂,蒸馏水浸泡为对照,使用不同质量浓度黄芩提取物对百香果进行浸泡处理并置于室温贮藏(温度为18~23℃)。检测不同质量浓度黄芩提取物对百香果果实品质指标的影响,总结黄芩提取物最佳保鲜质量浓度以及贮藏保鲜效果。结果在室温条件下,与对照处理相比,不同质量浓度黄芩提取物处理均能起到贮藏保鲜的效果。CK组的百香果在贮藏17 d后质量损失率为24.67%,硬度为6.31kg/cm^(2),可溶性固形物含量为10.45mg/g,而黄芩提取物处理B组(12.5 mg/mL)的百香果在贮藏17 d后质量损失率为17.60%、硬度为8.29 kg/cm^(2)、可溶性固形物含量为12.84 mg/g,CK组与黄芩提取物处理B组(12.5 mg/mL)之间各指标呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。B组(12.5 mg/mL)黄芩提取物在保持百香果果实硬度、质量损失率、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和维生素C等外在及内在品质指标的稳定均不同程度优于CK组和其他质量浓度黄芩提取物处理组。结论在百香果室温贮藏保鲜中,采用质量浓度为12.5mg/mL的黄芩提取物处理可以减少果实营养物质消耗,保持较好的果实品质。

黄芩及其提取物抑菌活性的研究进展

近年来,由于抗生素的滥用,导致部分细菌产生较强耐药性,给临床细菌性疾病的防治带来较大困扰与挑战。但随着对中药药理探究的不断深入,中药抗炎与抑菌作用的试验研究不断增多。在多种中草药植物中,黄芩展现出较强的抑菌作用。对黄芩有效成分、抑菌活性,及与其他药物协同抑菌作用相关研究不断丰富,为今后利用黄芩防治畜禽养殖过程中细菌性疾病提供理论依据,进一步保障我国畜禽养殖业的健康长远发展。

黄芩(Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi)的胚胎学研究

本文运用常规石蜡制片方法,对黄苓(Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi)的胚胎学进行了较为系统的研究。其主要结果如下:1,雄蕊—4,2强。前对花药较长,是四个小孢子囊;后对花药较短,具两个小孢子囊。幼嫩花药横切可见,表皮下具一个或多个孢原。花药壁由四层细胞组成,由外向内为表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层,其发育方式为双子叶型。绒毡层细胞部分来源于初生壁细胞,部分来源于药隔的基本组织。绒毡层细胞最初为单核,后分裂为双核。分泌型绒毡层。小孢子母细胞是由次生造孢细胞分裂后发育而来的。其减数分裂中的胞质分裂为同时型,四分体的排列主要为四面体型,也有交叉型。成熟花粉粒为2—细胞型。2,子房二心皮、四室、每室一个胚珠,中轴胎座,单珠被,薄珠心,倒生型胚珠。孢原细胞一个,孢原细胞直接发育形成大胞子母细胞,后者经减数分裂形成的线形排列的四个大孢子中,有功能的大胞子的数目及其位置不确定。胚囊发育为蓼型。助细胞具钩状器结构。极核在受精前融合为次生核。反助细胞在受精前开始退化。3,胚发育属柳叶菜型。其发育历经原胚期、心形胚期、鱼雷胚期至成熟胚期。胚柄在球胚早期达到最高度发育,鱼雷胚晚期开始退化。胚柄很长,球胚早期,胚柄已将胚经狭窄的胚囊中部推入到宽大的合点区。胚乳发育为细胞型。

Mechanisms underlying attenuation of apoptosis of cortical neurons in the hypoxic brain by flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, an antioxidant, markedly improve memory impairments and neuronal injuries. In the present study, primary cortical neurons of rats were exposed to potassium cyanide to establish a model of in vitro neural cell apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis by flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baical- ensis Georgi at concentrations of 18.98, 37.36, and 75.92 gg/mL was detected using this model. These flavonoids dramatically increased cell survival, inhibited cell apoptosis and excessive pro- duction of malondialdehyde, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and Na＋-K＊-ATPase in primary cortical neurons exposed to potassium cyanide. The flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were originally found to have a polyhydric structure and to protect against cerebral hypoxia in in vitro and in vivo models, including hypoxia induced by potassium cyanide or cerebral ischemia. The present study suggests that flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi exert neuroprotective effects via modulation of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and Na＋-K＋-ATPase disorders induced by potassium cyanide.

黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)的组织培养快速繁殖

【目的】建立黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)的组织培养快速繁殖体系。【方法】以黄芩的幼茎、幼叶及叶柄为外植体,在MS培养基上添加不同质量浓度的6-BA、2,4-D与NAA诱导愈伤组织及再生芽;在1/2 MS培养基上添加IAA、IBA或NAA激素,单独或者组合使用,诱导黄芩试管苗生根。【结果】幼叶和叶柄容易褐化死亡,而幼茎显示很好的脱分化和再分化效果;BA与NAA组合可以诱导幼茎外植体脱分化与再分化,而BA与2,4-D组合只能诱导愈伤组织发生。IAA诱导生根率最高,但是茎基部会形成愈伤组织,后期无法驯化成活;IBA及NAA均可以诱导根的发生,但是以IBA效果为佳。【结论】幼茎为最佳外植体,MS+BA0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳的愈伤组织诱导及再生芽的分化培养基。1/2MS+IBA 0.1mg/L为最佳的试管苗生根培养基,生根率为70.3%。

A Minor New Flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

A new flavone, 6, 2-dihydroxy-5, 7, 8, 6-tetramethoxyflavone, was isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. Its structure was established on the basis of spectral evidences.

Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are effective to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

Based on previous studies that have shown flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are neuroprotective agents in a naturally senile, D-galactose, aging in vivo model, as well as an in vitro model of oxidative/hypoxic injury, we established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The light/electron microscopic observations found significant neuropathological changes including neuron loss or swelling and rough endoplasmic reticulum injury. Moreover, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase Na＋-K＋-ATPase, Ca2＋-ATPase and superoxide dismutase were significantly lowered, and the levels of malonaldehyde increased. In addition, the memory of rats worsened. However, treatment with flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi （35, 70 and 140 mg/kg） for 13 days dramatically improved the above abnormal changes. These results suggest that the ability of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in attenuating cerebral functional and morphological consequences after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic brain disease.

Separation of baicalin from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi with polyamide

Separation of baicalin from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi with polyamide was studied. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic equation and desorption law were investigated by static and dynamic adsorption methods. The results show that the kinetic behavior is mainly controlled by the liquid film diffusion process and obeys the Boyd film diffusion equation. Equilibrium data for the adsorption of baicalin are correlated with Freundlich isotherm equation, i.e. q=3.8ce2.057, suggesting that the relative capacity of polyamide to baicalin is somewhat small. The desorption results indicate that the baicalin with mass fraction of 33.86% and the least impurities can be obtained by chromatography using 60% ethanol as the eluant at room temperature.

Study on the Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the Treatment of COVID-19

The discovery of highly effective medicine"Qingfei Paidu Decoction"for COVID-19 is a new era gift of traditional Chinese medicine to the world.The traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,as a medicinal plant in the family of Labiatae,is the dominant variety of genuine medicinal material in North China.It is the leading traditional Chinese medicine in the advantageous area of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics in Shangdang of Changzhi City,and it is one of the 21 herbal medicines in the new national prescription"Qingfei Paidu Decoction"for the rapid and effective treatment of COVID-19.This paper introduces S.baicalensis Georgi and its traditional Chinese medicine GAP base,ecologically suitable planting county and medicinal value in poor areas,and studies the intellectual property resources related to S.baicalensis Georgi,such as traditional knowledge,biological genetic resources,patents,new plant varieties,geographical indications,and trademarks.This paper mainly discusses the inheritance essence,innovation and high-quality development strategy of S.baicalensis Georgi under the rural revitalization strategy and traditional Chinese medicine development strategy from the aspects of intellectual property rights,important agricultural cultural heritage,advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products and so on.