Major contribution to carbon neutrality by China’s geosciences and geological technologies

In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Climate change impacts on environmental geosciences: Introduction

Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and conferences.Environmental Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with life.Research discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,i.e.how quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,etc.These analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living environment.It is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.

An Introduction to China University of Geosciences(Beijing)

China University of Geosciences（Beijing）（CUGB）,is one of the leading universities listed in"Project 211,"a national program that offers more government financial support for the advancement of 100 top national universities in 21st-century China.CUGB is also supported by the Ministry of Education for its uniquely strong strengths in geological disciplines.CUGB could be traced back to the former Beijing College of Geology,which was founded in 1952 by combining the Departments of Geology from Peking University, Tsinghua University,Tianjin University and Tangshan Railway College.In 1987,the predecessor of CUGB was renamed China University of Geosciences（Beijing）.

Virtual earth cloud: a multi-cloud framework for enabling geosciences digital ecosystems

Humankind is facing unprecedented global environmental and social challenges in terms of food,water and energy security,resilience to natural hazards,etc.To address these challenges,international organizations have defined a list of policy actions to be achieved in a relatively short and medium-term timespan.The development and use of knowledge platforms is key in helping the decision-making process to take significant decisions(providing the best available knowledge)and avoid potentially negative impacts on society and the environment.Such knowledge platforms must build on the recent and next coming digital technologies that have transformed society–including the science and engineering sectors.Big Earth Data(BED)science aims to provide the methodologies and instruments to generate knowledge from numerous,complex,and diverse data sources.BED science requires the development of Geoscience Digital Ecosystems(GEDs),which bank on the combined use of fundamental technology units(i.e.big data,learning-driven artificial intelligence,and network-based computing platform)to enable the development of more detailed knowledge to observe and test planet Earth as a whole.This manuscript contributes to the BED science research domain,by presenting the Virtual Earth Cloud:a multi-cloud framework to support GDE implementation and generate knowledge on environmental and social sustainability.

A unified framework of temporal information expression in geosciences knowledge system

Time is an essential reference system for recording objects,events,and processes in the field of geosciences.There are currently various time references,such as solar calendar,geological time,and regional calendar,to represent the knowledge in different domains and regions,which subsequently entails a time conversion process required to interpret temporal information under different time references.However,the current time conversion method is limited by the application scope of existing time ontologies(e.g.,“Jurassic”is a period in geological ontology,but a point value in calendar ontology)and the reliance on experience in conversion processes.These issues restrict accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references.To address these issues,this paper proposes a Unified Time Framework(UTF)in the geosciences knowledge system.According to a systematic time element parsing from massive time references,the proposed UTF designs an independent time root node to get rid of irrelevant nodes when accessing different time types and to adapt to the time expression of different geoscience disciplines.Furthermore,this UTF carries out several designs:to ensure the accuracy of time expressions by designing quantitative relationship definitions;to enable time calculations across different time elements by designing unified time nodes and structures,and to link to the required external ontologies by designing adequate interfaces.By comparing the time conversion methods,the experiment proves the UTF greatly supports accurate and efficient calculation of temporal information across different time references in SPARQL queries.Moreover,it shows a higher and more stable performance of temporal information queries than the time conversion method.With the advent of the Big Data era in the geosciences,the UTF can be used more widely to discover new geosciences knowledge across different time references.

Investigating dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomena using methodology of computational geosciences:An example of equal-distant mineralization in a fault

This paper presents a research methodology associated with approximately a decade old computa- tional geosciences. To demonstrate how it can be used to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomenon, we use as an example the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits in a three-dimensional permeable fault within the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. The related numerical results demonstrate that: (1) convective pore-fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous media is the control- ling dynamic mechanism leading to the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits along the fault; (2) the main characteristic of the new methodology is to change the traditionally used empirical, descrip- tive and qualitative methodology into the fundamentally scientific principles based predictive and quantitative methodology. Thus, this new methodology provides a modern scientific research tool for investigating the dynamic mechanisms associated with observed geological phenomena in nature.

The research on HRM model of geosciences engineering perambulation enterprise

Firstly,this paper defines the definition of geosciences engineering perambulation enterprise,which belongs to the knowledgeable enterprise;then,it summarizes the general HRM model presented by other researchers,based on those models,this paper builds a new HRM model of geosciences engineering perambulation enterprise.

Growing the FAIR Community at the Intersection of the Geosciences and Pure and Applied Chemistry

The geoscience and chemistry communities have numerous common practices and dependency on data standards.Recent efforts from the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)and the American Geophysical Union(AGU)are to explore and collaborate on approaches and sharing lessons learned on efforts to implement the FAIR Guiding Principles as they apply to data in their respective communities.This paper summarizes their efforts-to-date highlighting the importance of existing communities,Scientific Unions,standards bodies and societies in taking deliberate steps to move and encourage researcher adoption of the FAIR tenets.

Digital Geosciences and Quantitative Mineral Exploration

The idea of mineral exploration,which is called"exploration philosophy"in the Western countries,is the thoughts,the methodology,technology,goals and organization that guide mineral exploration.The three basic elements of mineral exploration are"what to find","where to find"and"how to find".The concept of mineral exploration is gradually changing with the development of these three elements that provide a powerful driving force to change mineral exploration concepts,methods and technology.Innovation of mineral exploration concepts is the result of continuing exploration and development keeping pace with the times.The combination of"mathematical geology"and"information technology"can be called"digital geology".Digital geology is the data analysis component of geological science.Geological data science is a science that uses the general methodology of data to study geology based on the characteristics of geological data and the needs of geological field work.Digital mineral exploration is the application of digital geology in mineral exploration to reduce ore-finding uncertainty.

从国际文献统计解读地理信息科学发展趋向

针对GIS国际顶级期刊《International Journal of Geographic Information Science》，辅以《Computers ＆ Geosciences 》2001～2010年10 a来发表的文献进行统计，找出我国与美国、加拿大、德国等发达国家的差距，总结我国论文的作者、机构等分布特征，了解分析GIS技术国内外10 a来的发展动态和趋势，为我国地球空间信息技术发展提供参考和依据。

Study of“Digital Earth”and“Earth System Science”

"Digital Earth"is a leap in the process of mankind learning about the Earth after the great geographical discovery of Copernicus,Galileoi’s heliocentric theory.Currently a series of problems like nature resources,environment,zoology and disaster have threatened the survival and development of mankind. In recent years,long term and solid

Instructions for Authors

1.Manuscripts devoted to various aspects of geosciences and related disciplines are all welcome,including those of broad interest to the international geoscience community or of particular interest to the Chinese geosciences community.2.Three types of manuscript are published in the Journal,including original papers,reviews and research advances.Original papers present the latest scientific studies,normally 5000 to 10,000 words long and within 6-12 journal pages.Review papers are based on literature review and summarize the current status of study of a specific topic or field,identify remaining scientific problems.