Iranian Plateau between the Lesser Caucasus-Alborz Mountains on the north and Zagros-Makran Ranges on the south has several inter-mountainous depressions which were filled by Quaternary deposits. Geologic evidence imp...Iranian Plateau between the Lesser Caucasus-Alborz Mountains on the north and Zagros-Makran Ranges on the south has several inter-mountainous depressions which were filled by Quaternary deposits. Geologic evidence implied that, the last marine conditions in some depressions such as the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian basins, had been changed to land conditions in middle Miocene. Based on shape and elevation of the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian plains related to sea level and geomorphology of Iranian plateau, three semi-connective artificial lakes can be constructed upon the mentioned plains by consideration of many geologic and geotechnical parameters. These artificial lakes can feed by pumping of water from Oman Sea and form a triple artificial bay which they must be connected together by two gated straits. Therefore, a possible morphotectonic idea with many advantages has suggested that it can be present as an international geotechnologic design. This design has the important environmental impacts which can be changed desert to lake sedimentary basins.展开更多
Diagnosis of fragmentation and landscape sustainability conditions are essential to environmental planning and sustainable management of natural resources. Land use spatial patterns and landscape structural indexes (l...Diagnosis of fragmentation and landscape sustainability conditions are essential to environmental planning and sustainable management of natural resources. Land use spatial patterns and landscape structural indexes (landscape metrics, Urbanity Index— UI, and Landscape Vulnerability Index—LVI) have been proposed to assess biodiversity conservation and ecological sustainability, provided by impact of land use at Middle Mogi Guaçu watershed and its seventeen municipalities, in 2009. Land use typologies and structural indexes values were obtained based on screen digitizing of LandSat-5 imagery, for 2009. Cluster analysis and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to test the null hypothesis of equal degrees of fragmentation and sustainability conditions among municipalities in 2009, respectively. Land use spatial pattern showed a predominantly human occupation for watershed and its municipalities, with agricultural use as the main pressure factor. Municipalities were aggregated into three clusters related to forest fragmentation: one categorized by fifteen municipalities;the second cluster (municipality of Luiz Antônio) showing the best condition, and the third group (municipality of Araraquara) with extreme fragmentation condition. Landscape metrics related with shape, size, and core areas fragments intensify edge effects, and increase habitat isolation. The watershed showed a low naturalness and an intermediate degree of vulnerability. Ecological sustainability was different among municipalities (α = 0.05, F = 32.65 and p = 0.002), with two municipalities (Analandia and Luiz Antônio) presenting the best conditions. The most committed condition was observed, in municipalities of Rincão and Guatapará. For conservation policies to be effective must focus on the creation of ecological corridors around legally protected areas, besides creation of new legal reserves, with purpose to improve biodiversity conservation and ecological sustainability of Middle Mogi Guaçu watershed and its municipalities.展开更多
This paper presents reflections on proposals to merge Mathematics and Geography when teaching undergraduates from inter- and trans-disciplinary spatial models using mathematical modeling to enable spatial analysis and...This paper presents reflections on proposals to merge Mathematics and Geography when teaching undergraduates from inter- and trans-disciplinary spatial models using mathematical modeling to enable spatial analysis and visualization through GIS—Geographic Information Systems. It brings forward an approach to Geography with new technologies integrating it with Statistics and Computer Science among other subjects. Thus, it describes some practical cases that are examples of geographical problems solved mathematically. The results show that GIS can be an educational tool for teaching both Geography and Mathematics.展开更多
The so-called geotechnology has been used in recent years in the planning, supervision and monitoring of various human activities, both locally and regionally, nationally and internationally, either it in the rural en...The so-called geotechnology has been used in recent years in the planning, supervision and monitoring of various human activities, both locally and regionally, nationally and internationally, either it in the rural environment, as in urban áreas. This study, based on references and activities in the Geographic Information Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará (LAIG/UFPA), selects and presents the application of three tools for spatial analysis available in the Terraview [1] and Arcgis softwares, with the main objective being to demonstrate how they can be applied in geographical studies, starting with the spatial information gathered by remote or Field sensors, assisting the activities of researchers who stick to working with the planning and management of natural and human resources. Geotechnologies are important tools in the analysis of geographic space and its use tends to be increased with the advancement of new software and hardware collection, manipulation and generation of new specialized information. So we will do in this manuscript a brief discussion of three spatial analysis tools that can be used in rural areas with agricultural potential.展开更多
Dispersed urbanization, urban planning and management instruments such as zoning, and urban expansion zones, have become increasingly consistent in leading cities toward an uncertain and chaotic future. The urban peri...Dispersed urbanization, urban planning and management instruments such as zoning, and urban expansion zones, have become increasingly consistent in leading cities toward an uncertain and chaotic future. The urban perimeters of municipalities have been used increasingly in favor agents of the reproduction of unequal urban space, aggravating the process of socio-spatial segregation, the formation of urban gaps and real estate speculation. Inherent to this process, infrastructure, one of the most important components of urban land and one of the most costly for local governments, has become increasingly dispersed and obsolete in the midst of the disordered occupation of the city’s land. Based on the above, this paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of urban sprawl in the city of Londrina by means of geotechnologies and to identify the impacts that the form of land occupation the city has employed may cause on the current and future scenario of the municipality in general. To this end, thematic maps were drawn up from multiple sources, which, allied to a review of the literature, indicate that the municipality of Londrina exhibits intense characteristics of the phenomenon of urban sprawl, leading to consequences for territorial ordering and the egalitarian spatial distribution of essential services to the population.展开更多
A growing number of educators worldwide have become convinced that geotechnologiesincluding geographic information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS),and remote sensingare key technologies to prepare stude...A growing number of educators worldwide have become convinced that geotechnologiesincluding geographic information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS),and remote sensingare key technologies to prepare students to be tomorrow’s decision makers.Grappling with local,regional,and global issues of the 21st century requires people who think spatially and who can use geotechnologies.Some educators teach geotechnologies as a discipline,emphasising skills.Other educators use geotechnologies as a tool to teach content,such as geography,history,environmental studies,Earth Science,biology,mathematics,economics and other disciplines.Issues such as traffic,population growth,urban sprawl,energy,water,crime,human health,biodiversity and sustainable agriculture are growing in complexity,exist at every scale and increasingly affect people’s everyday lives.Each of these issues has a spatial component.Drivers for geotechnology education include educational content standards,constructivism,the school-to-career movement,active learning,citizenship education,authentic practice and assessment,interdisciplinary education,community connections and a sustained,increasing demand for GIS professionals.Digital Earth is an ideal framework for contextualising domains of inquiry.The Digital Earth community can have a significant impact on the growth of geotechnologies in education,and conversely,the growth of geotechnologies in education and society can foster the forward movement of Earth systems concepts.展开更多
文摘Iranian Plateau between the Lesser Caucasus-Alborz Mountains on the north and Zagros-Makran Ranges on the south has several inter-mountainous depressions which were filled by Quaternary deposits. Geologic evidence implied that, the last marine conditions in some depressions such as the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian basins, had been changed to land conditions in middle Miocene. Based on shape and elevation of the Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut and Jazmourian plains related to sea level and geomorphology of Iranian plateau, three semi-connective artificial lakes can be constructed upon the mentioned plains by consideration of many geologic and geotechnical parameters. These artificial lakes can feed by pumping of water from Oman Sea and form a triple artificial bay which they must be connected together by two gated straits. Therefore, a possible morphotectonic idea with many advantages has suggested that it can be present as an international geotechnologic design. This design has the important environmental impacts which can be changed desert to lake sedimentary basins.
文摘Diagnosis of fragmentation and landscape sustainability conditions are essential to environmental planning and sustainable management of natural resources. Land use spatial patterns and landscape structural indexes (landscape metrics, Urbanity Index— UI, and Landscape Vulnerability Index—LVI) have been proposed to assess biodiversity conservation and ecological sustainability, provided by impact of land use at Middle Mogi Guaçu watershed and its seventeen municipalities, in 2009. Land use typologies and structural indexes values were obtained based on screen digitizing of LandSat-5 imagery, for 2009. Cluster analysis and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to test the null hypothesis of equal degrees of fragmentation and sustainability conditions among municipalities in 2009, respectively. Land use spatial pattern showed a predominantly human occupation for watershed and its municipalities, with agricultural use as the main pressure factor. Municipalities were aggregated into three clusters related to forest fragmentation: one categorized by fifteen municipalities;the second cluster (municipality of Luiz Antônio) showing the best condition, and the third group (municipality of Araraquara) with extreme fragmentation condition. Landscape metrics related with shape, size, and core areas fragments intensify edge effects, and increase habitat isolation. The watershed showed a low naturalness and an intermediate degree of vulnerability. Ecological sustainability was different among municipalities (α = 0.05, F = 32.65 and p = 0.002), with two municipalities (Analandia and Luiz Antônio) presenting the best conditions. The most committed condition was observed, in municipalities of Rincão and Guatapará. For conservation policies to be effective must focus on the creation of ecological corridors around legally protected areas, besides creation of new legal reserves, with purpose to improve biodiversity conservation and ecological sustainability of Middle Mogi Guaçu watershed and its municipalities.
文摘This paper presents reflections on proposals to merge Mathematics and Geography when teaching undergraduates from inter- and trans-disciplinary spatial models using mathematical modeling to enable spatial analysis and visualization through GIS—Geographic Information Systems. It brings forward an approach to Geography with new technologies integrating it with Statistics and Computer Science among other subjects. Thus, it describes some practical cases that are examples of geographical problems solved mathematically. The results show that GIS can be an educational tool for teaching both Geography and Mathematics.
基金the discussions held during the implementation of the project“Participatory Mapping and survival strategies by traditional populations in Amazon/Para”,approved in Notice 14/2013(Universal Call-MCTI/CNPq)funded by the Qualified Publication Support Program(PAPQ),offered by the Dean of Research and Graduate Studies(PROPESP)the Foundation for the Support and Development of Research(FADESP),of the Federal University of Pará.
文摘The so-called geotechnology has been used in recent years in the planning, supervision and monitoring of various human activities, both locally and regionally, nationally and internationally, either it in the rural environment, as in urban áreas. This study, based on references and activities in the Geographic Information Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará (LAIG/UFPA), selects and presents the application of three tools for spatial analysis available in the Terraview [1] and Arcgis softwares, with the main objective being to demonstrate how they can be applied in geographical studies, starting with the spatial information gathered by remote or Field sensors, assisting the activities of researchers who stick to working with the planning and management of natural and human resources. Geotechnologies are important tools in the analysis of geographic space and its use tends to be increased with the advancement of new software and hardware collection, manipulation and generation of new specialized information. So we will do in this manuscript a brief discussion of three spatial analysis tools that can be used in rural areas with agricultural potential.
基金FAPESP(Fundacao de Am-paro a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-Brazil)for its support of the project“Urban Environmental Impacts in Areas of Expansion:Challenges of Metropolitan Planning”,Process no.2009/11086-8.
文摘Dispersed urbanization, urban planning and management instruments such as zoning, and urban expansion zones, have become increasingly consistent in leading cities toward an uncertain and chaotic future. The urban perimeters of municipalities have been used increasingly in favor agents of the reproduction of unequal urban space, aggravating the process of socio-spatial segregation, the formation of urban gaps and real estate speculation. Inherent to this process, infrastructure, one of the most important components of urban land and one of the most costly for local governments, has become increasingly dispersed and obsolete in the midst of the disordered occupation of the city’s land. Based on the above, this paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of urban sprawl in the city of Londrina by means of geotechnologies and to identify the impacts that the form of land occupation the city has employed may cause on the current and future scenario of the municipality in general. To this end, thematic maps were drawn up from multiple sources, which, allied to a review of the literature, indicate that the municipality of Londrina exhibits intense characteristics of the phenomenon of urban sprawl, leading to consequences for territorial ordering and the egalitarian spatial distribution of essential services to the population.
文摘A growing number of educators worldwide have become convinced that geotechnologiesincluding geographic information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS),and remote sensingare key technologies to prepare students to be tomorrow’s decision makers.Grappling with local,regional,and global issues of the 21st century requires people who think spatially and who can use geotechnologies.Some educators teach geotechnologies as a discipline,emphasising skills.Other educators use geotechnologies as a tool to teach content,such as geography,history,environmental studies,Earth Science,biology,mathematics,economics and other disciplines.Issues such as traffic,population growth,urban sprawl,energy,water,crime,human health,biodiversity and sustainable agriculture are growing in complexity,exist at every scale and increasingly affect people’s everyday lives.Each of these issues has a spatial component.Drivers for geotechnology education include educational content standards,constructivism,the school-to-career movement,active learning,citizenship education,authentic practice and assessment,interdisciplinary education,community connections and a sustained,increasing demand for GIS professionals.Digital Earth is an ideal framework for contextualising domains of inquiry.The Digital Earth community can have a significant impact on the growth of geotechnologies in education,and conversely,the growth of geotechnologies in education and society can foster the forward movement of Earth systems concepts.
