Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drou...Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drought and osmotic stresses in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)remain unclear.Here,we functionally characterized the apple GroupⅢWRKY gene MdWRKY115.qRT-PCR analysis showed that MdWRKY115 expression was up-regulated by drought and osmotic stresses.GUS activity analysis revealed that the promoter activity of MdWRKY115 was enhanced under osmotic stress.Subcellular localization and transactivation assays indicated that MdWRKY115 was localized to the nucleus and had a transcriptional activity domain at the N-terminal region.Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY115 in Arabidopsis plants and in apple callus markedly enhanced their tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses.DNA affinity purification sequencing showed that MdWRKY115 binds to the promoter of the stress-related gene MdRD22.This binding was further verified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Collectively,these findings suggest that MdWRKY115 is an important regulator of osmotic and drought stress tolerance in apple.展开更多
The novel martensitic heat-resistant steel G115 was designed for thick-section boiler components of ultra-supercritical(USC) power plants at 630-650 ℃.The impact of the quenching and tempering processes on the proper...The novel martensitic heat-resistant steel G115 was designed for thick-section boiler components of ultra-supercritical(USC) power plants at 630-650 ℃.The impact of the quenching and tempering processes on the properties and microstructure of G115 steel was explored.The samples that were quenched and tempered twice had a higher tensile strength at room temperature and 650 ℃,and the impact energy was significantly improved.The strength and impact energy increased in proportion to the increase in the first quenching temperature.The microstructure differences between the single and double quenched and tempered samples were examined using metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The grain size of the double quenched and tempered samples was finer than that of the single quenched and tempered samples, and the tempered martensite lath is more visible, as are the carbides and other precipitates, which are finer and more uniformly distributed.As the first quenching temperature increased, the grains became coarser but more uniform.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.C2022204086)the Hebei Apple Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.HBCT2021100211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072524).
文摘Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality.WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants,but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drought and osmotic stresses in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)remain unclear.Here,we functionally characterized the apple GroupⅢWRKY gene MdWRKY115.qRT-PCR analysis showed that MdWRKY115 expression was up-regulated by drought and osmotic stresses.GUS activity analysis revealed that the promoter activity of MdWRKY115 was enhanced under osmotic stress.Subcellular localization and transactivation assays indicated that MdWRKY115 was localized to the nucleus and had a transcriptional activity domain at the N-terminal region.Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY115 in Arabidopsis plants and in apple callus markedly enhanced their tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses.DNA affinity purification sequencing showed that MdWRKY115 binds to the promoter of the stress-related gene MdRD22.This binding was further verified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Collectively,these findings suggest that MdWRKY115 is an important regulator of osmotic and drought stress tolerance in apple.
文摘The novel martensitic heat-resistant steel G115 was designed for thick-section boiler components of ultra-supercritical(USC) power plants at 630-650 ℃.The impact of the quenching and tempering processes on the properties and microstructure of G115 steel was explored.The samples that were quenched and tempered twice had a higher tensile strength at room temperature and 650 ℃,and the impact energy was significantly improved.The strength and impact energy increased in proportion to the increase in the first quenching temperature.The microstructure differences between the single and double quenched and tempered samples were examined using metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The grain size of the double quenched and tempered samples was finer than that of the single quenched and tempered samples, and the tempered martensite lath is more visible, as are the carbides and other precipitates, which are finer and more uniformly distributed.As the first quenching temperature increased, the grains became coarser but more uniform.
