Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represe...Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represented at sports competitions. Our aim was to compare the results of these breeds in the World Cup of International tests of working dogs （in years 2003-2011）, which is the peak of competitions. The authors evaluated results of German shepherd dog performance test and Belgian shepherd Malinois performance in disciplines such as tracking, obedience and defense. Belgian Shepherds achieved in all disciplines higher score than German shepherds. It was found out that Belgian shepherd Malinois get significant higher score in all disciplines （tracking, obedience and defense） than German shepherd. However, both of breeds are used successfully as service dogs.展开更多
Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenj...Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog(GSD)breeds.Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival.The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process,while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s.We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid.We found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each phase.In contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of GSDs made eye contact.Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively.Sociability,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs.For sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed dog.When compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia.However,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle.Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.展开更多
文摘Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represented at sports competitions. Our aim was to compare the results of these breeds in the World Cup of International tests of working dogs （in years 2003-2011）, which is the peak of competitions. The authors evaluated results of German shepherd dog performance test and Belgian shepherd Malinois performance in disciplines such as tracking, obedience and defense. Belgian Shepherds achieved in all disciplines higher score than German shepherds. It was found out that Belgian shepherd Malinois get significant higher score in all disciplines （tracking, obedience and defense） than German shepherd. However, both of breeds are used successfully as service dogs.
基金supported by Australian Research Council Discover Project 150102038.
文摘Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog(GSD)breeds.Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival.The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process,while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s.We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid.We found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each phase.In contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of GSDs made eye contact.Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively.Sociability,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs.For sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed dog.When compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia.However,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle.Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.
