Objective:To look into the glucose tolerance test characteristics and determine complications in non-gestational diabetes pregnant subjects.Methods:From 2006 to 2009 all non-gestational diabetes mellitus(non-CDM)pregn...Objective:To look into the glucose tolerance test characteristics and determine complications in non-gestational diabetes pregnant subjects.Methods:From 2006 to 2009 all non-gestational diabetes mellitus(non-CDM)pregnant women who delivered macrosomia at the North Australia's Townsville Hospital were retrospectively reviewed by extracting data from clinical record.Glucose tolerance tests results were analysed in the light of an earlier diagnosis of non-GDM.Results:Ninety-one non-CDM mothers with macrosomia were studied and compared with 41normoglycemic subjects without macrosomia.Of the subjects with non-GDM macrosomia,45(49.4%)had normal SO g glucose challenge test(GCT)without further testing,another 8(8.8%)had abnormal GCT but normal 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).A total of 4(4.4%)subjects had normal GCT and OGTT.Interestingly.14 out of 16(87.5%)subjects who were tested with OGTT owing to past history of macrosomia had normal results but delivered macrosomic babies.Only 12 subjects had both GCT and OGTT,the rest of the cohort had either of the two tests.Subjects with non-CDM macrosomia had higher frequency of neonatal hypoglycaemia 34%as compared to 10%in nonmacrosomic babies(P=0.003).Other feto-maternal complications were similar in both groups.Conclussions:No significant pattern of glucose tolerance characteristics was identified in nonGDM mothers with macrosomic babies.In spite of being normoglycemic significant neonatal hypoglycaemia was recorded in non-GDM macrosomic babies.Further prospective studies on a larger population are needed to verify our findings.展开更多
A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes(GDM)carries a lifetime risk of progression to type 2 diabetes of up to 60%.Identification of those women at higher risk of progression to diabetes allows the timely introdu...A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes(GDM)carries a lifetime risk of progression to type 2 diabetes of up to 60%.Identification of those women at higher risk of progression to diabetes allows the timely introduction of measures to delay or prevent diabetes onset.However,there is a large degree of variability in the literature with regard to the proportion of women with a history of GDM who go on to develop diabetes.Heterogeneity between cohorts with regard to diagnostic criteria used,duration of follow-up,and the characteristics of the study population limit the ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies.As the new International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria are increasingly adopted worldwide,the prevalence of GDM is set to increase by two-to three-fold.Here,we review the literature to examine the evolution of diagnostic criteria for GDM,the implications of changing criteria on the proportion of women with previous GDM progressing to diabetes,and how the use of different diagnostic criteria may influence the development of appropriate follow-up strategies.展开更多
Background： Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the relationships between them remain ambiguous. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different oral glucose tolerance test （OGT...Background： Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the relationships between them remain ambiguous. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） results on adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods： This retrospective cohort study included data from 15 hospitals in Beijing from June 20, 2013 to November 30, 2013. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） were categorized according to the number and distribution of abnormal OGTT values, and the characteristics of adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the associations. Results： in total, 14,741 pregnant women were included in the study population, 2927 （19.86%） of whom had G DM. As the number of hyperglycemic values in the OGTT increased, the risk of cesarean delivery, preterm births, large-for-gestational age （LGA）, macrosomia, and neonatal complications significantly increased. Fasting hyperglycemia bad clear associations with macrosomia （odds ratios [ORs]：1.84, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]： 1.39-2.42, P 〈 0.001）, L（SA （OR： 1.70, 95% CI： 1.29-2.25. P 〈 0.001）, and cesarean delivery （OR： 1.33, 95% CI： 1.15-1.55, P 〈 0.001）. The associations were stronger as tasting glucose increased. GDM diagnosed by hyperglycemia at OGTT-2 h was more likely to lead to preterm birth （OR： 1.50, 95% Cl： 1. 11-2.03, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Various characteristics of OGTTs are associated with different adverse outcomes. A careful reconsideration ofGDM wiih hierarchical and individualized management according to OGTT characteristics is needed.展开更多
目的:调查青岛市城区妊娠期糖代谢异常的发病情况,分析导致妊娠期糖代谢异常发病的相关因素。方法:对检查分娩的3 624例孕妇进行糖筛查,并对筛查出阳性结果的患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。临床资料中各种因素均由SPSS for windows10.0软...目的:调查青岛市城区妊娠期糖代谢异常的发病情况,分析导致妊娠期糖代谢异常发病的相关因素。方法:对检查分娩的3 624例孕妇进行糖筛查,并对筛查出阳性结果的患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。临床资料中各种因素均由SPSS for windows10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:(1)妊娠期孕妇糖筛查异常发病率为22.13%(802/3624);妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病率为2.21%;妊娠期糖耐量受损(GIGT)的发病率为2.87%;(2)单因素Logistic相关分析,发现孕次、产次、孕周、年龄(≥30岁)、孕前超重、孕期体重增长、糖尿病家族史、不良孕产史、反复白色念珠菌性阴道炎发作史、月经不规律、不合理膳食、高脂血症、高血红蛋白等因素与糖代谢异常的发生相关;(3)多因素Logistic相关分析,表明孕前超重、糖尿病家族史、年龄、不合理膳食、高脂血症、不良孕产史等6项进入主效应模型,且均与糖代谢异常呈正相关。结论:(1)青岛城区GDM的发病率与国内文献报告的相当,GIGT的发病率高于GDM的发病率;(2)超重、糖尿病家族史、年龄、不合理膳食、高脂血症、不良孕产史为影响糖代谢异常发生的高危因素,对有高危因素患者在初诊时行糖筛查是十分重要的。展开更多
基金Supported in part by funds from Australia's James Cook University research infrastructure block grant(Grant No.RIBG 09-2009)
文摘Objective:To look into the glucose tolerance test characteristics and determine complications in non-gestational diabetes pregnant subjects.Methods:From 2006 to 2009 all non-gestational diabetes mellitus(non-CDM)pregnant women who delivered macrosomia at the North Australia's Townsville Hospital were retrospectively reviewed by extracting data from clinical record.Glucose tolerance tests results were analysed in the light of an earlier diagnosis of non-GDM.Results:Ninety-one non-CDM mothers with macrosomia were studied and compared with 41normoglycemic subjects without macrosomia.Of the subjects with non-GDM macrosomia,45(49.4%)had normal SO g glucose challenge test(GCT)without further testing,another 8(8.8%)had abnormal GCT but normal 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).A total of 4(4.4%)subjects had normal GCT and OGTT.Interestingly.14 out of 16(87.5%)subjects who were tested with OGTT owing to past history of macrosomia had normal results but delivered macrosomic babies.Only 12 subjects had both GCT and OGTT,the rest of the cohort had either of the two tests.Subjects with non-CDM macrosomia had higher frequency of neonatal hypoglycaemia 34%as compared to 10%in nonmacrosomic babies(P=0.003).Other feto-maternal complications were similar in both groups.Conclussions:No significant pattern of glucose tolerance characteristics was identified in nonGDM mothers with macrosomic babies.In spite of being normoglycemic significant neonatal hypoglycaemia was recorded in non-GDM macrosomic babies.Further prospective studies on a larger population are needed to verify our findings.
文摘A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes(GDM)carries a lifetime risk of progression to type 2 diabetes of up to 60%.Identification of those women at higher risk of progression to diabetes allows the timely introduction of measures to delay or prevent diabetes onset.However,there is a large degree of variability in the literature with regard to the proportion of women with a history of GDM who go on to develop diabetes.Heterogeneity between cohorts with regard to diagnostic criteria used,duration of follow-up,and the characteristics of the study population limit the ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies.As the new International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria are increasingly adopted worldwide,the prevalence of GDM is set to increase by two-to three-fold.Here,we review the literature to examine the evolution of diagnostic criteria for GDM,the implications of changing criteria on the proportion of women with previous GDM progressing to diabetes,and how the use of different diagnostic criteria may influence the development of appropriate follow-up strategies.
文摘Background： Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the relationships between them remain ambiguous. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） results on adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods： This retrospective cohort study included data from 15 hospitals in Beijing from June 20, 2013 to November 30, 2013. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） were categorized according to the number and distribution of abnormal OGTT values, and the characteristics of adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the associations. Results： in total, 14,741 pregnant women were included in the study population, 2927 （19.86%） of whom had G DM. As the number of hyperglycemic values in the OGTT increased, the risk of cesarean delivery, preterm births, large-for-gestational age （LGA）, macrosomia, and neonatal complications significantly increased. Fasting hyperglycemia bad clear associations with macrosomia （odds ratios [ORs]：1.84, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]： 1.39-2.42, P 〈 0.001）, L（SA （OR： 1.70, 95% CI： 1.29-2.25. P 〈 0.001）, and cesarean delivery （OR： 1.33, 95% CI： 1.15-1.55, P 〈 0.001）. The associations were stronger as tasting glucose increased. GDM diagnosed by hyperglycemia at OGTT-2 h was more likely to lead to preterm birth （OR： 1.50, 95% Cl： 1. 11-2.03, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Various characteristics of OGTTs are associated with different adverse outcomes. A careful reconsideration ofGDM wiih hierarchical and individualized management according to OGTT characteristics is needed.
文摘目的:调查青岛市城区妊娠期糖代谢异常的发病情况,分析导致妊娠期糖代谢异常发病的相关因素。方法:对检查分娩的3 624例孕妇进行糖筛查,并对筛查出阳性结果的患者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。临床资料中各种因素均由SPSS for windows10.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:(1)妊娠期孕妇糖筛查异常发病率为22.13%(802/3624);妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的发病率为2.21%;妊娠期糖耐量受损(GIGT)的发病率为2.87%;(2)单因素Logistic相关分析,发现孕次、产次、孕周、年龄(≥30岁)、孕前超重、孕期体重增长、糖尿病家族史、不良孕产史、反复白色念珠菌性阴道炎发作史、月经不规律、不合理膳食、高脂血症、高血红蛋白等因素与糖代谢异常的发生相关;(3)多因素Logistic相关分析,表明孕前超重、糖尿病家族史、年龄、不合理膳食、高脂血症、不良孕产史等6项进入主效应模型,且均与糖代谢异常呈正相关。结论:(1)青岛城区GDM的发病率与国内文献报告的相当,GIGT的发病率高于GDM的发病率;(2)超重、糖尿病家族史、年龄、不合理膳食、高脂血症、不良孕产史为影响糖代谢异常发生的高危因素,对有高危因素患者在初诊时行糖筛查是十分重要的。
