Oil and gas industries generate a significant amount of water during the production. The composition of this water varies with the geologic age, depth, and geochemistry of the region along with the chemicals added dur...Oil and gas industries generate a significant amount of water during the production. The composition of this water varies with the geologic age, depth, and geochemistry of the region along with the chemicals added during the process. Geochemistry of formation water is used for aquifer identification, pollution problems, water compatibility studies, corrosion monitoring, water-quality control, water flooding, exploration, and to diagnose wellbore integrity issues. The current study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of produced water geochemistry from one of the largest conventional oil field, Ghawar field, Saudi Arabia. Produced water from different wellheads were collected and analyzed for different geochemical characteristics. Sixteen wells from ABQQ, nineteen wells from ANDR and twenty wells from SDGM area were selected for the current study. Sampling and analysis were performed as per the standard procedures. Results indicated that the pH of the sample varied from 6.0 to 7.4, and Electrical conductivity from 94200 to 102690 μS/cm. The spatial variation of major cations and anions were also recorded and represented by graphical plots. Metal analysis indicated the highest concentration for boron, which is 20.5 mg/L at ABQQ area, whereas all other metals are very low in concentration. Temporal variation of a single well at SDGM area indicated drastic change in the ionic concentration, whereas the geochemistry remains same as indicated by Tickler plot. The water type of the respective area was studied by tickler plots, which indicated same source of formation water in different wells at ABQQ, ANDR and SDGM areas. The ionic concentration is also used to predict corrosion and scaling issues. By Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), the sample from all the wells showed higher scaling potential. The study concludes that the water type in different areas under Ghawar field remains same regardless of drastic changes in the ionic concentration, which can be used to diagnose wellbore integrity issues.展开更多
文摘Oil and gas industries generate a significant amount of water during the production. The composition of this water varies with the geologic age, depth, and geochemistry of the region along with the chemicals added during the process. Geochemistry of formation water is used for aquifer identification, pollution problems, water compatibility studies, corrosion monitoring, water-quality control, water flooding, exploration, and to diagnose wellbore integrity issues. The current study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of produced water geochemistry from one of the largest conventional oil field, Ghawar field, Saudi Arabia. Produced water from different wellheads were collected and analyzed for different geochemical characteristics. Sixteen wells from ABQQ, nineteen wells from ANDR and twenty wells from SDGM area were selected for the current study. Sampling and analysis were performed as per the standard procedures. Results indicated that the pH of the sample varied from 6.0 to 7.4, and Electrical conductivity from 94200 to 102690 μS/cm. The spatial variation of major cations and anions were also recorded and represented by graphical plots. Metal analysis indicated the highest concentration for boron, which is 20.5 mg/L at ABQQ area, whereas all other metals are very low in concentration. Temporal variation of a single well at SDGM area indicated drastic change in the ionic concentration, whereas the geochemistry remains same as indicated by Tickler plot. The water type of the respective area was studied by tickler plots, which indicated same source of formation water in different wells at ABQQ, ANDR and SDGM areas. The ionic concentration is also used to predict corrosion and scaling issues. By Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), the sample from all the wells showed higher scaling potential. The study concludes that the water type in different areas under Ghawar field remains same regardless of drastic changes in the ionic concentration, which can be used to diagnose wellbore integrity issues.
