Multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of bone giant cell tumors:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumor,and also a potential malignant tumor that may develop into a primary malignant giant cell tumor.AIM To evaluate the role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of giant cell tumors of bone.METHODS The data of 32 patients with giant cell tumor of bone confirmed by core-needle biopsy or surgical pathology at our hospital between March 2018 and March 2023 were retrospectively selected.All the patients with giant cell tumors of the bone were examined by X-ray,computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and 7 of them were examined by positron emission tomography(PET)-CT.RESULTS X-ray imaging can provide overall information on giant cell tumor lesions.CT and MRI can reveal the characteristics of the internal structure of the tumor as well as the adjacent relationships of the tumor,and these methods have unique advantages for diagnosing tumors and determining the scope of surgery.PET-CT can detect small lesions and is highly valuable for identifying benign and malignant tumors to aid in the early diagnosis of metastasis.CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone and can provide a reference for the treatment of giant cell tumors.

Primary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone:A Case Report

Primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is clinically rare,lack of specificity,and often misdiagnosed.Currently,related literature about this tumor remains scarce.One case of primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone was diagnosed and treated in our hospital,and the treatment effect was satisfactory.There was no recurrence or metastasis in 2 years of followup.The report is as follows.

Three-dimensional-printed custom-made patellar endoprosthesis for recurrent giant cell tumor of the patella:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor(GCT)is a benign lesion and rarely involves the patella.This disease is characterized by a relatively high recurrence rate after primary treatment.En bloc resection has been a predominant option for recurrent GCT.However,total patellectomy can lead to disruption of the knee.Therefore,exploration of functional reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is worthwhile.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman presented with right knee pain and swelling,and was diagnosed as having a GCT in the patella following curettage and autograft.Medical imaging revealed a lytic and expanded lesion involving the whole patella with focal cortical breaches and pathological fracture.Based on the combination of histological,radiological,and clinical features,a diagnosis of recurrent GCT in the patella was made(Campanacci grade III).After a multidisciplinary team discussion,three-dimensional(3D)-printed custom-made patellar endoprosthesis was performed following en bloc resection for reconstructing the extensor mechanism.The patient was followed for 35 mo postoperatively.No evidence of local recurrence,pulmonary metastasis,or osteoarthritis of the right knee was observed.The active flexion arc was 0°-120°,and no extension lag was detected.A favorable patellar tracking and height(Insall-Salvati ratio 0.93)were detected by radiography.CONCLUSION We depict a case of a GCT at the right patella,which was successfully treated by patellectomy and 3D-printed custom-made endoprosthetic replacement.The patella normal reconstruction,the precise-fit articular design,and gastrocnemius flap augmentation could lead to satisfactory knee function and a low rate of complications in the short-term follow-up.

Bioactive glass selectively promotes cytotoxicity towards giant cell tumor of bone derived neoplastic stromal cells and induces MAPK signalling dependent autophagy

Giant cell tumors of bone(GCTB)are associated with massive bone destructions and high recurrence rates.In a previous study,we observed cytotoxic effects of three different compositions of bioactive glasses(BGs)towards GCTSC but not bone marrow derived stromal cells(BMSC)indicating that BGs represent promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic approaches.In the current study we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in BG induced cytotoxicity.We observed,that BG treatment was not associated with any signs of apoptosis,but rather led to a strong induction of mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK)and,as a consequence,upregulation of several transcription factors specifically in GCTSC.Genome wide gene expression profiling further revealed a set of fifteen genes that were exclusively induced in GCTSC or induced significantly stronger in GCTSC compared to BMSC.BG treatment further induced autophagy that was significantly more pronounced in GCTSC compared to BMSC and could be inhibited by MAPK inhibitors.Together with the known osteogenic properties of BGs our findings support the suitability of BGs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of GCTB.However,these data have to be verified under in vivo conditions.

Gene expression disparity in giant cell tumor of bone

The aim of this paper was to study the differential gene expression of giant cell tumor of bone(GCTB)by gene chip technology.Total RNA of 8 fresh GCTB specimens(Jaffe I∶6 cases,II∶1 case,III∶1 case;Campanacci I∶6 cases,II∶1 case,III∶1 case;Enneking Staging G0T1-2M0,5 cases,G1T1-2M0:2 cases,G1T2M0:1 case)and 4 normal bony callus specimens(the control group)were extracted and purified to get mRNA and then reverse transcribed to complementary DNA,respectively.Microarray screening with a set of 8064 human cDNA genes was conducted to analyze the difference among the samples and the control.The hybridization signals were scanned.The gene expression disparity between the GCTB samples and normal bony callus was significantly different(P<0.01),and the disparity of over 5-fold was found in 47 genes in the GCTB specimens,with 25 genes up-regulated and 22 down-regulated including the extracellular matrix and transforming-related genes,oncogene and its homolog genes,cytokine and its receptor genes.Specific gene spectrum associated with GCTB can be identified by cDNA microarray,which will be the foundation of progressive etiology elucidation,diagnosis and treatment of GCTB.