Standing on the Shoulders of Giants： A Brief Note from the Perspective of Kinematics

Kinematics has evolved with and contributed significantly to human demands. For example, slider-crank mechanisms have been widely used in engines since the industrial revolution. Additionally, constant-velocity shaft couplings have been developed to meet the needs of the automobile industry since the 1920＇s. With the development of robots, robot kinematics has been one of the research focuses in Kinematics since the 1970＇s.

German Auto Giants Expand in Chinese Market

BMW China R&D Center officially opened its facility in Beijing’s Shunyi District on May 15, 2018. The center is by far the biggest presence of BMW R&D outside Germany, among those in the U.S., Japan, South Korea, and China, and its size far exceeds the company’s R&D center in Silicon Valley, northern California, U.S.A.

Oil Giants Take First Two Places in China 100

Fortune magazine has released China 100 in its September issue. This is the second consecutive year Fortune has released China 100. The ranking is made according to the business income of the country's major companies in 2001.

Chinese Oil Giants Make Debut at World Finance Stage

Two recent bond offerings by China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)and China Petrochemical Corporation(Sinopce)offer strong evidence of Chinese ascendancy to the world stage of finance,says veteran banker,Therese Esperdy,who heads Banking for Asia Pacific Corporate&Investment Bank at JP Morgan.The bond offering issued by CNOOC and Sinopec in the autumn of 2013 will set China in the global arena with full benefit rights as a prime player on world financial markets.

Economic Giants Gather in China

The forum brings together leaders from the Fortune 500 companies so that they may discuss matters on world economic development, Like the Fortune 500 list, forum findings are highly regarded by entrepreneurs and company leaders. me upcoming forum will give world business leaders the Opportunity to learn more about China and to observe Chinese markets. At the same time, the forum will give Chinese entrepreneurs the opportunity to solicit direct investment from transnationals.

Chinese oil giants win Brazil offshore auction

Chinese oil giants are eyeing an expanded presence in Brazil,winning holdings in three blocks awarded in Brazil’s deepwater oil auction in a historic opening of the pre-salt play to foreign operators.Consortiums comprising China’s three major oil giants,China National Petroleum Corp,China Petroleum&Chemical Corp and China National Offshore Oil Corp,have respectively won three blocks recently,deepening the energy

Alliance Between Giants

AS a Chinese proverb goes, if two brothers are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. China CNR Corp. （CNR） and China CSR Corp. （CSR）, the world＇s two largest railway transportation equipment manufacturers, have decided to merge to compete in the global arena.

Background Form of the Two Giants

DTheChinesegovernmentstipulatedthatallpetroleumcompaniesandpetroltillingstationsinprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesandcitiesshouldbelongtotheChinaNationalPetroleum(Group)Corporation(northcorporation)andtheChinaNationalpetrochemicals(Group...

Recreating Giants

A science artist brings prehistoric creatures back to life Zhao Chuang is a 43-year-old science artist working in Beijing.The illustrator's job bridgles science and art by painting and sculpting ancient extinct species based on information collected from fossils.Zhao reproduces each element described in paleontological papers in an artistic way,and the blanks in scientific research are flled by his logic and imagination.

Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

Transcriptomic analysis of Andrias davidianus meat and experimental validation for exploring its bioactive components as functional foods

Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.

Pathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical analysis of giant retrosternal goiter in the elderly: A case report

BACKGROUND Elderly giant retrosternal thyroid goiter is a rare yet significant medical condition,often presenting clinical symptoms that can be confused with other diseases,posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.This study aims to delve into the characteristics and potential mechanisms of this ailment through pathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical analysis,providing clinicians with more precise diagnostic and treatment strategies.A 77-year-old male,was admitted to hospital with the chief complaint of finding a goiter in the semilunar month during physical examination,accompanied by dyspnea.Locally protruding into the superior mediastinum,the adjacent structure was compressed,the trachea was compressed to the right,and the local lumen was slightly narrowed.The patient was diagnosed with giant retrosternal goiter.Considering dyspnea caused by trachea compression,our department planned to perform giant retrosternal thyroidectomy.Immunohistochemical results:Tg(+),TTF-1(+),Calcitonin(CT)(I),Ki-67(+,about 20%),CD34(-).Retrosternal goiter means that more than 50%of the volume of the thyroid gland is below the upper margin of the sternum.As retrosternal goiter disease is a relatively rare disease,once the disease is diagnosed,it should be timely surgical treatment,and the treatment is more difficult,the need for professional medical team for comprehensive treatment.CONCLUSION The imaging manifestations of giant retrosternal goiter are atypical,histomorphology and immunohistochemistry can assist in its diagnosis.This article reviews the relevant literature of giant retrosternal goiter immunohisto-chemistry and shows that giant retrosternal goiter is positive for Tg,TTF-1,and Ki-67.

Giant vascular malformations invading the skull:A case report

BACKGROUND Vascular malformations(VMs)arise as a result of errors in the process of angiogenesis and are usually present at birth,but may not become apparent until after birth.However,giant VMs of the head and face are uncommon,with few reported cases,and the prognosis for their surgical intervention is unclear.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with findings of an enlarged right temporal scalp.After admission,computed tomography(CT)angiography of cerebral ateries showed a right occlusal gap and a right temporal artery venous malformation.Furthermore,cerebral angiography showed a right temporal lobe VM with multiple vessels supplying blood.The patient underwent surgery to remove the malformed vessels and the eroded skull.Two hours after the surgery,the patient's right pupil was dilated,and an urgent CT scan of the skull showed a right subdural haematoma under the incision,which was urgently removed by a second operation.After surgery,we gave continuous antibiotic anti-infection treatment,and the patient recovered well and was discharged two weeks later.CONCLUSION Surgical removal of giant haemangiomas is risky and adequate preoperative(including interventional embolisation)and intraoperative preparations should be made.

Natural history and surgical treatment of a giant colonic diverticulum:A case report

BACKGROUND While diverticular disease is prevalent in the West,the formation of giant colonic diverticula is rare.To date,approximately 200 cases have been reported,with only a handful treated surgically using a minimally invasive approach.Furthermore,the natural history of giant colonic diverticula is not well documented.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a 66-year-old man who developed a giant colonic diverticulum with primary symptoms including dull and chronic pain in the right lower quadrant at presentation.The patient had undergone several computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis over the previous two years,through which the natural history of this rare entity could be retrospectively observed.The patient was successfully treated with a robot-assisted sigmoid colectomy and had an uneventful recovery with resolution of symptoms during the follow-up.CONCLUSION This rare case demonstrates the natural history of giant colonic diverticulum formation and supports the feasibility of robot-assisted surgery.

Expect the unexpected:Brown tumor of the mandible as the first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism(HPT)is a condition in which one or more parathyroid glands produce increased levels of parathyroid hormone(PTH),causing disturbances in calcium homeostasis.Most commonly HPT presents with asymptomatic hypercalcemia but the clinical spectrum may include disturbances reflecting the combined effects of increased PTH secretion and hypercalcemia.Brown tumors are rare,benign,tumor-like bone lesions,occurring in 1.5%to 4.5%of patients with HPT,as a complication of an uncontrolled disease pathway,and are nowadays rarely seen in clinical practice.The tumor can appear either as a solitary or multifocal lesion and usually presents as an asymptomatic swelling or a painful exophytic mass.Furthermore,it can cause a pathological fracture or skeletal pain and be radiologically described as a lytic bone lesion.The diagnosis of a brown tumor in HPT is typically confirmed by assessing the levels of serum calcium,phosphorus,and PTH.Although when present,brown tumor is quite pathognomonic for HPT,the histologic finding often suggests a giant cell tumor,while clinical presentation might suggest other more frequent pathologies such as metastatic tumors.Treatment of brown tumors frequently focuses on managing the underlying HPT,which can often lead to regression and resolution of the lesion,without the need for surgical intervention.However,in refractory cases or when dealing with large symptomatic lesions,surgical treatment may be necessary.