This study was conducted during 2019/2020 on sweet cherry trees (<i>Prunus Avium</i> L.) (Bing and Hardy Giant) cultivar planted at Sergaya-Al_Zabadani area of Rural </span><span style="font-...This study was conducted during 2019/2020 on sweet cherry trees (<i>Prunus Avium</i> L.) (Bing and Hardy Giant) cultivar planted at Sergaya-Al_Zabadani area of Rural </span><span style="font-family:"">Dam</span><span style="font-family:"">ascus, to reduce fruit drop of sweet cherry. The experiment included 4 foliar applications: T1: control, T2: GA<sub>3</sub> (100 ppm), T3: NAA (20 <span>ppm), T4: (100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> + 20 ppm NAA). Fruit set and fruit drop pe</span>rcentage, fruiting factor, and yield were recorded. The results showed that treatment with (100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> + 20 ppm NAA) recorded higher fruit set percentage (73.81% and 75.62%), and fruiting factor (48.38% and 50.04%) respectively</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> <span>In addition to fruit yield (40.19 and 41.21 kg/tree) for both cultivars, co</span>mpared to the control (9.13, 6.60 kg/tree). Therefore, it can be concluded that GA<sub>3</sub> + NAA treatment reduced Sweet cherry fruit drop better than other treatments, <span>where fruit drop percentage didn’t exceed (63.11% and 62.01%) in both cu</span>ltivars (Bing and Hardy Giant) respectively, compared to the control (80.92% and 80.64%).展开更多
Gibberellins(GAs)promote flowering in the forcing-cultured tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa),however,the mechanism of regulating flowering is not fully understood.In this study,exogenous GA3 was applied to five-year-ol...Gibberellins(GAs)promote flowering in the forcing-cultured tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa),however,the mechanism of regulating flowering is not fully understood.In this study,exogenous GA3 was applied to five-year-old Luoyang Hong plants to explore responses in terms of endogenous hormones,flowering quality,and the hormone-and flowering-associated gene expression.Exogenous GA3 application significantly promoted flower bud development and new branch growth,as well as improved flowering quality.Exogenous GA3 application also stimulated the synthesis of endogenous GA3 and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)but reduced abscisic acid(ABA)levels.To further elucidate the regulatory mechanism,eight genes for GA biosynthesis and signaling,including PsCPS,PsKS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1b,PsGID1c,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 were cloned for the first time,and sequence analysis was also performed.The results suggested that all the cloned genes have conserved structure as each homologous gene reported in the other species.Phylogenetic trees constructed by the each cloned gene showed that the phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of P.suffruticosa was closely related to Vitis vinifera.The expression patterns of the above genes,and genes for ABA and IAA biosynthetic and signaling,and the flowering time were also investigated.Most of the above genes showed higher expression in the control buds than those in the GA3 treated buds at six developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 were up-regulated by GA3 treatment.The results also showed that the GA-biosynthetic and signaling pathways are conserved in tree peony,and the PsCPS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 genes are necessary for feedback regulation of GAs.Furthermore,hormone changes promoted PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 expression,and repressed PsSVP expression,which contributed to the improvement flowering quality in tree peony of forcing culture.展开更多
This study aimed to estimate the effect of spraying of okra plants, <i>Abelmoschus</i> <i>esculentus</i> (L.) with GA<sub>3</sub> on the quality and oil content of the seeds. For th...This study aimed to estimate the effect of spraying of okra plants, <i>Abelmoschus</i> <i>esculentus</i> (L.) with GA<sub>3</sub> on the quality and oil content of the seeds. For this, the local okra variety was selected and used, which was growing widespread in the coastal region of Syria. This study was carried out in Al-Haffa area, Lattakia governorate, Syria (with 105 MSL elevation) for two seasons 2019-2020. The results showed that the effect of spraying with GA<sub>3</sub> was more evident in the quality of the seeds as well as oil content at 75 ppm concentration with 68.7 g weight of 1000 seeds and 5.31% seed oil percentage. This study also showed that oil of local okra variety seed was rich in the essential fatty acids namely, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and linolenic, treatment with 75 ppm concentration of GA3 was more effective in the seed content of essential fatty acids with 42.30%, 32.55%, 9.20%, 6.73% and 5.72%, respectively. Finally, our results were indicated that treatment of okra plants at 75</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">ppm of GA3 enhanced the quality and oil content of seeds compared to the other concentrations.展开更多
[Objectives]To improve the yield and secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants and to further develop and utilize the medicinal and other functions of medicinal plants.[Methods]We used the sterile tissue cultur...[Objectives]To improve the yield and secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants and to further develop and utilize the medicinal and other functions of medicinal plants.[Methods]We used the sterile tissue culture method with Houttuynia cordata Thunb.as the research object.Different concentrations of 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA),auxin(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)and gibberellin acid(GA_(3))were added to the group culture medium of H.cordata to investigate the effects of exogenous plant hormones on plant height,root length,fresh weight,morphological characteristics,four phenolics and 20 volatile compounds.[Results]The results showed that the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased plant height by 79.9%over the control;the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L IAA significantly increased root length by 52.6%over the control;and the exogenous plant hormone of 1 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased fresh weight of single plant by 458.2%over the control.In the treatment group of 1 mg/L NAA,chlorogenic acid content was significantly increased by 52.6%compared with the control;in the treatment group of 1 mg/L IAA,chlorogenic acid,rutin,isodendrin and quercetin content were significantly increased by 109.1%,100.6%,173.8%,and 198.7%compared with the control,respectively;in the treatment of 3 mg/L GA_(3),chlorogenic acid,rutin,isoquercitin,and quercitin content were significantly increased by 65.3%,104.9%,139.0%and 191.2%over the control.In addition,the content of volatile compounds was significantly higher in all H.cordata treated with exogenous plant hormones of 2 mg/L NAA,1 mg/L IAA,and 3 mg/L GA_(3);however,the content of volatile compounds was lower in all of the treatments with 2 mg/L GA_(3).[Conclusions]Different exogenous plant hormones have certain effects on the growth morphology and secondary metabolic content of H.cordata,which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of medicinal plants.展开更多
为了解我国饮食中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol,3-MCPD)及3-MCPD酯的含量范围,并为制定我国饮食中3-MCPD酯的最大每日耐受摄入量提供数据支撑,本实验以菜肴(39种)为分析对象,样品经酸水解,七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生后,进气...为了解我国饮食中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol,3-MCPD)及3-MCPD酯的含量范围,并为制定我国饮食中3-MCPD酯的最大每日耐受摄入量提供数据支撑,本实验以菜肴(39种)为分析对象,样品经酸水解,七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生后,进气相色谱-串联质谱定量分析。该方法线性良好,相关系数为0.9972~0.9995;3-MCPD的加标回收率在95.0%~115.0%之间,相对标准偏差在2.9%~6%之间。结果表明,所有检测菜肴中均检出3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD,其在菜肴中的存在具有普遍性;餐馆菜肴中3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD的平均含量为516.11μg/kg和17.88μg/kg,而食堂菜肴中的含量较低,分别为75.86μg/kg和10.43μg/kg。在不同的烹饪方式产生3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD的量不同,含量由高到低依次为炸>干锅>炒>烧>炖。根据3-MCPD和3-MCPD酯暴露量计算结果,食堂菜肴均未超联合国粮食与农业组织/世界卫生组织联合食品添加剂专家委员会推荐的暂定每日最大耐受摄入量(provisional maximum tolerable daily intake,PMTDI),餐馆菜肴中3-MCPD的摄入量未超标,而3-MCPD酯为PMTDI值的2.2倍。展开更多
文摘This study was conducted during 2019/2020 on sweet cherry trees (<i>Prunus Avium</i> L.) (Bing and Hardy Giant) cultivar planted at Sergaya-Al_Zabadani area of Rural </span><span style="font-family:"">Dam</span><span style="font-family:"">ascus, to reduce fruit drop of sweet cherry. The experiment included 4 foliar applications: T1: control, T2: GA<sub>3</sub> (100 ppm), T3: NAA (20 <span>ppm), T4: (100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> + 20 ppm NAA). Fruit set and fruit drop pe</span>rcentage, fruiting factor, and yield were recorded. The results showed that treatment with (100 ppm GA<sub>3</sub> + 20 ppm NAA) recorded higher fruit set percentage (73.81% and 75.62%), and fruiting factor (48.38% and 50.04%) respectively</span><span style="font-family:"">;</span><span style="font-family:""> <span>In addition to fruit yield (40.19 and 41.21 kg/tree) for both cultivars, co</span>mpared to the control (9.13, 6.60 kg/tree). Therefore, it can be concluded that GA<sub>3</sub> + NAA treatment reduced Sweet cherry fruit drop better than other treatments, <span>where fruit drop percentage didn’t exceed (63.11% and 62.01%) in both cu</span>ltivars (Bing and Hardy Giant) respectively, compared to the control (80.92% and 80.64%).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501800 and 31572156)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund (2015QRNC001)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Cooperation Foundations of Henan Province of China (172106000005)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Gibberellins(GAs)promote flowering in the forcing-cultured tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa),however,the mechanism of regulating flowering is not fully understood.In this study,exogenous GA3 was applied to five-year-old Luoyang Hong plants to explore responses in terms of endogenous hormones,flowering quality,and the hormone-and flowering-associated gene expression.Exogenous GA3 application significantly promoted flower bud development and new branch growth,as well as improved flowering quality.Exogenous GA3 application also stimulated the synthesis of endogenous GA3 and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)but reduced abscisic acid(ABA)levels.To further elucidate the regulatory mechanism,eight genes for GA biosynthesis and signaling,including PsCPS,PsKS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1b,PsGID1c,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 were cloned for the first time,and sequence analysis was also performed.The results suggested that all the cloned genes have conserved structure as each homologous gene reported in the other species.Phylogenetic trees constructed by the each cloned gene showed that the phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of P.suffruticosa was closely related to Vitis vinifera.The expression patterns of the above genes,and genes for ABA and IAA biosynthetic and signaling,and the flowering time were also investigated.Most of the above genes showed higher expression in the control buds than those in the GA3 treated buds at six developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 were up-regulated by GA3 treatment.The results also showed that the GA-biosynthetic and signaling pathways are conserved in tree peony,and the PsCPS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 genes are necessary for feedback regulation of GAs.Furthermore,hormone changes promoted PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 expression,and repressed PsSVP expression,which contributed to the improvement flowering quality in tree peony of forcing culture.
文摘This study aimed to estimate the effect of spraying of okra plants, <i>Abelmoschus</i> <i>esculentus</i> (L.) with GA<sub>3</sub> on the quality and oil content of the seeds. For this, the local okra variety was selected and used, which was growing widespread in the coastal region of Syria. This study was carried out in Al-Haffa area, Lattakia governorate, Syria (with 105 MSL elevation) for two seasons 2019-2020. The results showed that the effect of spraying with GA<sub>3</sub> was more evident in the quality of the seeds as well as oil content at 75 ppm concentration with 68.7 g weight of 1000 seeds and 5.31% seed oil percentage. This study also showed that oil of local okra variety seed was rich in the essential fatty acids namely, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and linolenic, treatment with 75 ppm concentration of GA3 was more effective in the seed content of essential fatty acids with 42.30%, 32.55%, 9.20%, 6.73% and 5.72%, respectively. Finally, our results were indicated that treatment of okra plants at 75</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">ppm of GA3 enhanced the quality and oil content of seeds compared to the other concentrations.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province,China(QianKeKe Basics20201Y179)Key Field Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(QJHKY2021044)+3 种基金Project of Guizhou Provincial Characteristic Key Laboratory(QJHKY2021002)Science and Technology Support Plan Project of Guizhou Province(QKHZCGeneral2021243)Science and Technology Plan Project of Liupanshui(52020-2021-PT-01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761010).
文摘[Objectives]To improve the yield and secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants and to further develop and utilize the medicinal and other functions of medicinal plants.[Methods]We used the sterile tissue culture method with Houttuynia cordata Thunb.as the research object.Different concentrations of 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA),auxin(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)and gibberellin acid(GA_(3))were added to the group culture medium of H.cordata to investigate the effects of exogenous plant hormones on plant height,root length,fresh weight,morphological characteristics,four phenolics and 20 volatile compounds.[Results]The results showed that the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased plant height by 79.9%over the control;the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L IAA significantly increased root length by 52.6%over the control;and the exogenous plant hormone of 1 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased fresh weight of single plant by 458.2%over the control.In the treatment group of 1 mg/L NAA,chlorogenic acid content was significantly increased by 52.6%compared with the control;in the treatment group of 1 mg/L IAA,chlorogenic acid,rutin,isodendrin and quercetin content were significantly increased by 109.1%,100.6%,173.8%,and 198.7%compared with the control,respectively;in the treatment of 3 mg/L GA_(3),chlorogenic acid,rutin,isoquercitin,and quercitin content were significantly increased by 65.3%,104.9%,139.0%and 191.2%over the control.In addition,the content of volatile compounds was significantly higher in all H.cordata treated with exogenous plant hormones of 2 mg/L NAA,1 mg/L IAA,and 3 mg/L GA_(3);however,the content of volatile compounds was lower in all of the treatments with 2 mg/L GA_(3).[Conclusions]Different exogenous plant hormones have certain effects on the growth morphology and secondary metabolic content of H.cordata,which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of medicinal plants.
文摘为了解我国饮食中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol,3-MCPD)及3-MCPD酯的含量范围,并为制定我国饮食中3-MCPD酯的最大每日耐受摄入量提供数据支撑,本实验以菜肴(39种)为分析对象,样品经酸水解,七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生后,进气相色谱-串联质谱定量分析。该方法线性良好,相关系数为0.9972~0.9995;3-MCPD的加标回收率在95.0%~115.0%之间,相对标准偏差在2.9%~6%之间。结果表明,所有检测菜肴中均检出3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD,其在菜肴中的存在具有普遍性;餐馆菜肴中3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD的平均含量为516.11μg/kg和17.88μg/kg,而食堂菜肴中的含量较低,分别为75.86μg/kg和10.43μg/kg。在不同的烹饪方式产生3-MCPD酯和3-MCPD的量不同,含量由高到低依次为炸>干锅>炒>烧>炖。根据3-MCPD和3-MCPD酯暴露量计算结果,食堂菜肴均未超联合国粮食与农业组织/世界卫生组织联合食品添加剂专家委员会推荐的暂定每日最大耐受摄入量(provisional maximum tolerable daily intake,PMTDI),餐馆菜肴中3-MCPD的摄入量未超标,而3-MCPD酯为PMTDI值的2.2倍。
