Daily Lifestyle Habits as Risk Factors for Plaque-Induced Gingivitis and Periodontitis Severity and Grading among Samples of Dental Students at King Khalid University

Objective: To assess daily lifestyle habits as risk factors for plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis severity and grading among samples of dental students at King Khalid University. Material and Methods: This study included 150 male participants. They were divided according to the levels into three equal groups: levels 5, 6, and 7 (group I), levels 8, 9, 10 (group II) and levels 11, 12, and interns (group III). This study consisted of questions related to age, gender, educational level, father’s education, mother’s education, home ownership, brushing teeth more than or twice a day, in addition to daily lifestyle habits that were daily smoking, daily use of sugary drinks, and daily use of sugary foods. Some clinical parameters of plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis and the percentage of radiographic bone loss were recorded. All data were collected and analyzed using Tukey’s test and Chi-square test. A P-value of less than 0.5 (p Results: One hundred fifty male dental students of different levels in the college of dentistry at King Khalid University participated in the study in three groups (I, II, and III). The mean age of group III is more than that of group II and group I, with highly statistically significant differences (p 30%) were more among the participants in group I than the participants in groups III and II. There was an increase in the percentage of affected participants with stages III and IV of clinical attachment loss (CAL), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), radiographic bone loss (%RBL), tooth mobility, as well as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test values (>7%), and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (>10 cigs) in group III more than in group II and I. Conclusion: We conclude that the severity and grading of plaque-induced gingivitis were higher among the participants in group I, while the severity and grading of periodontitis were higher among the participants in group III due to the different impact of their daily lifestyle habits.

Evaluation of Topical Application of Vajradanti Gel in Prevention of Gingivitis

Vajradanti means strong teeth in Hindi. The medicinal properties of Vajradanti plant are well reported in Ayurveda. Its botanical name is Barleria prionitis L. and it belongs to family Acanthaecae. The use of herbal products in the field of medicine has gained popularity in recent years. In India, herbal plants are used as a regular source of medicine. Plants, such as Turmeric, Ashoka and Triphala, are some common household names being widely used nowadays. One such name is Barleria prionitis L. or Vajradanti, having anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fertility properties. The leaves of this flower are also believed to provide relief in tooth ache. So these properties lead us to the use of this shrub in the remedy of dental diseases. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, in collaboration with the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India and N.B.R.I. Lucknow. A total of 80 subjects, from age group 20 - 50 years, were selected. The study unit consisted of patients of chronic gingivitis. Simple random sampling, utilizing computer generated random numbers, was employed to assign the participants to two groups, “I” and “II”, each having 40 participants. In patients of Group-I scaling and root planing was performed, whereas in patients of Group-II, scaling and root planing was performed and subjects were advised to apply Vajradanti gel twice daily after brushing. Statistical Analysis: Data were summarized as mean ± SD. Pre and post outcome results of two groups were compared by the paired t-test. Conclusions: Based on the observations and results of our study, it can be concluded that scaling and root planing remains the gold standard for the treatment of gingival and periodontal diseases while the Vajradanti gel (Barleria prionitis L.) can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in prevention of chronic gingivitis. The beneficial effect of Vajradanti can be attributed to its anti inflammatory properties.

Nigella sativa oil as a treatment for gingivitis: A randomized active-control trial

Objective: To assess the clinical anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial efficacy of Nigella sativa oil compared with chlorhexidine in patients with gingivitis. Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients having chronic generalized gingivitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Nigella sativa oil(n=18) or chlorhexidine(n=19). The following assessments were made on day 0 and day 15: plaque index, gingival index, gingival IL-6 and IL-18 levels were measured using ELISA, plaque colony-forming units, and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus strains. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests and Fisher’s exact test.Results: Both interventions reduced plaque index and gingival index scores(P<0.000 1). The Nigella sativa oil group was better at lowering IL-6(P=0.007 6) than the chlorhexidine group(P=0.145), although there was no change in IL-18 levels(P>0.05). The post-intervention plaque index and gingival index scores and inflammatory cytokine levels between the two groups were not significantly different. Both interventions caused a significant reduction in the plaque colony-forming units(P<0.000 1), reducing pathogenic bacteria: Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus parasanguinis in the chlorhexidine group(50%)(P=0.103 1), and the Nigella sativa oil group(20%)(P=0.739 5). Conclusions: Nigella sativa oil had anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, reducing biofilm formation and disrupting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria essential for the progression of periodontal disease. Nigella sativa oil could offer an alternative therapy for treating gingivitis and may prevent associated systemic diseases and improve overall health outcomes.

急性冠状动脉综合征患者颈动脉斑块与抗氨基甲酰化蛋白抗体水平的关系

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者颈动脉斑块与抗氨基甲酰化蛋白(CarP)抗体水平的关系。方法收集2021年1月至2023年9月于上海市第七人民医院住院治疗的100例ACS患者的临床资料,并按照年龄、性别进行配对,收集同期于上海市第七人民医院进行体检且无ACS病史的100例体检者的临床资料。将所有研究对象按照血清抗Car P抗体水平分为阴性组(n=108)和阳性组(n=92),阳性组分为低水平组(n=53,<抗Car P抗体水平中位检测值)和高水平组(n=39,≥抗Car P抗体水平中位检测值)。根据颈动脉斑块检查结果将ACS患者分为无斑块组(n=23)、稳定斑块组(n=34)和不稳定斑块组(n=43)。比较ACS患者与体检者的临床特征,不同颈动脉斑块类型ACS患者的抗Car P抗体水平、超敏C反应蛋白水平、肌钙蛋白水平,以及不同抗Car P抗体水平研究对象ACS的检出率和颈动脉斑块分布情况。结果ACS患者的吸烟比例、饮酒比例、高血压比例、糖尿病比例、高脂血症比例、体重指数、收缩压、血糖水平、总胆固醇水平、甘油三酯水平、抗Car P抗体阳性率、抗Car P抗体水平、不稳定颈动脉斑块比例均高于体检者(P<0.05)。无斑块组、稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组患者的抗Car P抗体水平、抗Car P抗体阳性率、超敏C反应蛋白水平以及肌钙蛋白水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,不稳定斑块组患者的抗Car P抗体水平、抗Car P抗体阳性率、超敏C反应蛋白水平及肌钙蛋白水平均高于无斑块组和稳定斑块组患者(P<0.05)。高水平组ACS的检出率和不稳定颈动脉斑块的比例最高,阴性组、低水平组、高水平组ACS的检出率和不稳定颈动脉斑块的分布情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清抗Car P抗体与ACS患者颈动脉斑块密切相关,与ACS的发生也有一定的关系,值得进一步深入研究。

乳磨牙牙髓切断术后预成冠修复的疗效评价

目的 探讨金属预成冠(PMC)与全瓷预成冠(ZC)在儿童乳磨牙龋损中的修复疗效以及对牙周健康的影响,分析其可能的影响因素。方法 本研究采用队列研究方法,收集2021年10月—2021年12月于深圳市儿童医院口腔科就诊的3~8岁患儿,下颌第一乳磨牙因龋损行牙髓切断术后进行PMC、ZC修复,共192例,包括PMC组96例(96颗龋齿),ZC组96例(96颗龋齿),分别于治疗后3个月、1年和2年进行临床检查,观察PMC组和ZC组的临床修复效果以及牙周状况,记录修复体是否完整、牙龈指数(GI)、探诊出血指数(BI)、菌斑指数(PLI)和世界牙科联盟(FDI)修复体各项性能评价指标。结果 PMC组与ZC组在修复后3个月、1年、2年的牙周健康指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经修复3个月、1年、2年后,PMC组GI、BI、PLI高于ZC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而FDI修复体各项性能评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别患儿在2组修复后,GI、BI、PLI差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同性别患儿在PMC修复后的FDI修复体各项性能评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在ZC修复后的FDI修复体各项性能评分中,女童评分高于男童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,PMC组年龄与GI、BI、PLI、FDI修复体各项性能评分均呈负相关,存在显著相关性(P<0.01),ZC组年龄与GI、BI、PLI、FDI修复体各项性能评分均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论 PMC与ZC可为乳磨牙龋损患儿提供较理想的修复手段。两种预成冠修复后的牙周健康状况趋于稳定,乳牙ZC组牙周健康状况优于PMC。患儿的年龄越大,PMC组牙周状况越好。

固定正畸矫治80例病人唾液基质金属蛋白酶8和基质金属蛋白酶9的水平变化

目的 探究固定正畸矫治病人唾液基质金属蛋白酶8(MMP-8)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)水平的变化及临床意义。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年12月于保定市第二医院接受固定正畸矫治成年病人80例及健康受试者40例为研究对象。对病人固定矫治前(T1)、固定矫治1周(T2)、固定矫治1个月(T3)及健康受试者探诊出血(BOP)、菌斑指数(PLI)进行检测;收集健康受试者及病人T1、T2、T3时期唾液,采用ELISA检测唾液中MMP-8、MMP-9水平;流式细胞术对唾液白细胞含量进行检测;分别对MMP-8、MMP-9与牙龈BOP相关性进行分析;分离唾液白细胞,检测白细胞MMP-8、MMP-9表达水平变化。结果T2、T3时病人BOP[(21.36±8.79)%、(13.06±5.80)%]、PLI[(2.53±0.43)分、(1.89±0.39)分]及唾液中MMP-8[(0.43±0.11)μg/L、(0.32±0.10)μg/L]、MMP-9[(3.64±0.76)μg/L、(2.02±0.50)μg/L]、白细胞水平[(17 893.71±505.49)个、(8 532.18±421.89)个],显著高于T1水平[(5.05±2.11)%、(0.71±0.25)分、(0.16±0.08)μg/L、(0.25±0.13)μg/L、(2 308.66±178.04)个,P<0.05];唾液MMP-8、MMP-9水平与牙龈BOP、PLI呈正相关;进一步发现T2、T3时白细胞MMP-8、MMP-9表达水平显著高于T1水平(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线显示唾液MMP-8及MMP-9水平能较好预测牙龈炎程度。结论 正畸病人唾液MMP-8、MMP-9水平与牙龈炎病情呈正相关,唾液MMP-8、MMP-9可作为评估正畸病人牙龈炎的潜在生物标志物。

聚醚醚酮粘接桥修复牙周炎患者切牙缺失的临床研究

目的 研究聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)粘接桥修复牙周炎患者3颗以内切牙缺失的临床效果。方法 本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。选择38例3颗以内切牙缺失的牙周炎患者,进行PEEK粘接桥修复,并于修复完成后3、6、12、24个月复诊,通过改良USPHS/Ryge标准评估修复体生存情况,分别记录基牙的菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度和附着丧失,观察比较修复前后基牙牙周组织的变化。结果 38例患者经过24个月临床随访观察,其中仅1例出现部分脱粘接后行二次粘接,评价为B级,其余37例均修复成功,评价为A级。修复后菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度较修复前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),附着丧失修复前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论 对于缺失3颗以内切牙的牙周炎患者,PEEK粘接桥短期修复临床效果良好。

Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two Selected Senior High Schools in Kumasi

BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

富硒小麦草牙膏对控制牙菌斑和减轻牙龈炎效果的临床研究

目的:探讨富硒小麦草牙膏减轻牙龈炎症及控制牙菌斑作用的临床效果。方法:本临床试验遵守随机、对照、双盲的设计原则,按纳入和排除标准将年龄18~65岁间的72例受试者随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组使用富硒小麦草牙膏,对照组使用不含富硒小麦草其余成分完全相同的牙膏,分别在基线、1、3和6个月采用改良Loe-Silness牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数和改良Quigley-Hein菌斑指数评价牙周状况。结果:1、3和6个月时,牙龈指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.16±0.10和1.26±0.22,0.99±0.91和1.21±1.16,0.92±0.11和1.01±0.11;龈沟出血指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.12±0.23和1.24±0.27,1.05±0.11和1.13±0.15,0.91±0.12和1.05±0.09;牙菌斑指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.37±0.20和1.54±0.19,1.14±0.21和1.37±0.24,0.98±0.16和1.21±0.22,3个月和6个月时比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明其具有抑制牙菌斑和促进牙龈健康的作用。在本临床研究中未观察到不良反应,验证了富硒小麦草牙膏的安全性。结论:本研究提示富硒小麦草牙膏可以明显控制牙菌斑的形成,促进牙龈健康。

固齿散对慢性牙周炎患者的效果及对龈沟液菌群多样性的影响

目的探讨固齿散对慢性牙周炎患者的效果及对龈沟液菌群多样性的影响。方法选择邯郸市口腔医院2022年1月至2023年8月收治的112例慢性牙周炎患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分成观察组和对照组,各56例。对照组予以常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以固齿散(0.5 g/次,2次/d)治疗,两组共治疗3个月。对比两组临床疗效,中医证候积分,牙周探诊相关指标情况[龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI)、菌斑指数(plague index,PLI)及牙龈指数(gingival index,GI)],龈沟炎症因子[白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-1β],龈沟液菌群α多样性(Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数)及β多样性。结果治疗后,观察组(92.86%)临床总有效率高于对照组(78.57%)(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组中医证候积分、SBI、PLI、GI、IL-6、IL-1β、Shannon指数降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),Simpson指数升高(P<0.05)。PC1对于样本差异的贡献值为70.90%,PC2对于样本差异的贡献值为24.10%。治疗后观察组与对照组整体距离存在一定分离趋势(P<0.05)。结论固齿散可调节慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液菌群多样性,改善牙周状况,减轻龈沟液炎症水平,效果显著。

牙周炎正畸患者的龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平变化以及与牙周指标的关联性分析

目的:探讨牙周炎正畸患者治疗前后龈沟液高迁移率族蛋白B1(High mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)、白细胞介素-33(Interleukin-33,IL-33)、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(Thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)水平动态变化及与牙周指标的关联性。方法:选择2019年1月-2021年8月笔者医院就诊的124例牙周炎正畸治疗患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,根据患者的治疗效果分为疗效良好(n=104)与疗效不良(n=20)。对比不同疗效患者的临床资料、牙周指标、龈沟液指标水平,分析牙周炎正畸患者疗效影响因素及龈沟液指标与牙周指标的关联性,并绘制工作特征曲线(ROC)评价龈沟液指标对患者预后的评估价值。结果:疗效良好患者治疗后牙周指标[菌斑指数(Plaque index,PLI)、出血指数(Bleeding Index,BI)、探诊深度(Probing depth,PD)]均低于疗效不良患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);疗效良好患者治疗后龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平均低于疗效不良患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析可知,治疗后牙周指标PLI、PD、BI及龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平均为牙周炎正畸患者治疗效果不良的影响因素(P<0.05);牙周炎正畸患者龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平均与牙周指标PLI、PD、BI呈正相关(P<0.05);术后龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平联合评估牙周炎正畸治疗患者疗效的AUC(0.934)最大,具有较高评估效能。结论:牙周炎正畸患者治疗前后龈沟液HMGB1、sICAM-1、IL-33、TSLP水平变化与其牙周状态关系密切,联合检测可为临床评估治疗效果并积极完善治疗方案提供参考。

局部带蒂黏膜附着龈重建术与游离龈移植术在口腔种植修复患者中的应用效果比较

目的:比较局部带蒂黏膜附着龈重建术与游离龈移植术在口腔种植修复患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年10月于该院行口腔种植修复的80例患者的临床资料,根据牙龈移植方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各40例。两组均行口腔种植修复治疗,对照组采用游离龈移植术进行牙龈移植,观察组采用局部带蒂黏膜附着龈重建术进行牙龈移植。比较两组临床疗效,治疗后1、6个月龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数和探诊深度水平,治疗前后附着龈宽度,以及并发症发生率。结果:两组治疗总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后1个月,观察组龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数和探诊深度水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后6个月,两组龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数和探诊深度水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3个月、1年,两组附着龈宽度均大于治疗前,且观察组大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后1年,两组附着龈宽度均小于治疗后3个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均未出现明显并发症。结论:局部带蒂黏膜附着龈重建术应用于口腔种植修复患者可短期内改善龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数和探诊深度水平,增大附着龈宽度,效果优于游离龈移植术治疗,但临床疗效与游离龈移植术相当。

分析改良粘接固位种植义齿修复疗法对后牙缺损患者牙槽骨高度及厚度、骨吸收量的影响

目的分析改良粘接固位种植义齿修复疗法对后牙缺损患者的影响。方法简单随机选取2021年7月—2023年7月镇江市口腔医院收治的80例后牙缺损患者为研究对象,依据不同修复方法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组行传统粘接固位种植义齿修复,观察组行改良粘接固位种植义齿修复。对比两组患者牙槽骨高度及厚度、骨吸收量、牙周健康情况、龈沟液炎症因子水平。结果治疗后,观察组唇侧牙槽骨高度与厚度分别为(6.12±1.34)mm、(0.79±0.18)mm,均高于对照组的(5.35±0.89)mm、(0.66±0.15)mm,观察组骨吸收量为(4.70±0.42)mm,低于对照组的(5.89±0.76)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.027、3.509、8.667,P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的菌斑指数、牙龈指数龈沟液内各炎症因子水平、探诊深度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论改良粘接固位种植义齿修复疗法能够阻碍种植体四周骨吸收,改善牙周健康,减轻炎症反应。

硅橡胶导板在口腔美学修复中的应用

目的探讨硅橡胶导板在口腔美学修复中的应用价值。方法选择2020年1月至2024年5月于焦煤集团中央医院就诊的110例前牙全冠美学修复的患者作为研究对象,其中对照组55例患者采用传统光固化复合树脂进行辅助修复,硅橡胶组55例患者采用硅橡胶导板进行辅助修复,比较两组患者的修复效果。结果硅橡胶组患者修复3个月后的成功率为98.18%,高于对照组85.45%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。硅橡胶组患者修复3个月后的牙龈指数、菌斑指数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。硅橡胶组患者修复3个月后的前牙松动度0度49例、Ⅰ度5例、Ⅱ度1例、Ⅲ度0例,优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硅橡胶导板能提高口腔美学修复患者的修复成功率,降低患牙龈指数、菌斑指数,降低前牙松动度。

Evaluation of Topical Application of <i>Azadirachta indica</i>(Neem) in Prevention of Gingivitis: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: The purpose of the present study was to envisage the anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory properties of neem (Azadirachta) in the form of a mouth gel. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects (33 males and 27 females) from age group 19 - 35 years, suffering from mild to moderate gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n = 30) participants were advised experimental (neem) gel and Group B (n = 30) participants were advised 0.2% chlorhexidine gel. All the clinical parameters (the gingival index by Loe and Silness [1], Plaque index by Silness and Loe [2] and sulcus bleeding index by Muhlemann H. R. and Sen S. [3]) were recorded at baseline, on the 14th day and 21st day by the same clinician in both groups. Results: on intragroup comparison the gingival index, plaque index and sulcus bleeding index decrease significantly in both the groups in all assessed periods. On intergroup comparison the indices did not differ significantly at baseline but after 2nd and 3rd week, the indices in Group B decrease more than the group A, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the observations of our study, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate as well as neem gel can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in prevention of plaque and gingivitis. chlorhexidine gluconate gel has been found to be more effective when antiplaque and anti-inflammatory properties were considered. The effect of neem observed maybe because of its anti-inflammatory action. The antiplaque action of chlorhexidine gluconate is due to its substantivity. Substantivity of neem is required to be further studied.

Clinical Assessment of a Pharmaceutical Polyphenol Fruit Extract Gel to Inhibit Dental Plaque

Oral bacteria (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis) are associated and potentially co-causative in several medical conditions including Alzheimer’s disease and increased cardiovascular risk. Naturally occurring polyphenols are a developing class of antimicrobial pharmaceutical agents. The use of plant-based polyphenol compounds is an attractive area of medical and dental research due to their high safety factor from their presence in vegetables and fruits. This preliminary study evaluated polyphenols found in berries to reduce bacterial dental plaque accumulation. The study was an in vivo single blind randomized controlled trial of seven subjects with a novel tooth gel using validated measurements. Results showed a significant reduction in plaque accumulation (p = 0.005) and a non-significant trend to reduce gingivitis (p = 0.08). The bioactive gel showed no local or systemic adverse effects and was well tolerated by subjects.

PCSK9抑制剂在治疗动脉粥样硬化中的研究进展

人前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(PCSK9)是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,可诱导低密度脂蛋白受体的降解,升高血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,参与多种促动脉粥样硬化机制。多项临床试验证实,PCSK9抑制剂具有潜在的抗炎、抗血小板、稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块等作用。文章从PCSK9的结构、调控因子、PCSK9抑制剂治疗动脉粥样硬化等方面综述PCSK9及PCSK9抑制剂的相关研究进展。

Effects of Adjunctive Daily Blue Light Toothbrushing on Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation—A Randomized Controlled Study

Phototherapy with blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) is gaining interest because of the efficient antimicrobial benefits reported in several studies in the last decade. The aim in this study was to investigate if a toothbrush with incorporated blue light used in daily oral care can reduce dental plaque and gingival inflammation. An 8-week single-blinded randomized controlled clinical study including 48 subjects compared effects of toothbrushes with/without 450 nm blue LED light emission, on clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing), and on inflammatory markers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. Significant reductions in dental plaque and gingival inflammation (p < 0.001), and in some inflammatory markers (p ≤ 0.05), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and interleukin (IL)-8, were detected within both groups from baseline to follow-up. For all subjects dental plaque was reduced with 57%, and a reduction in gingival inflammation was demonstrated by a decrease in gingival index (GI) with 46% and in bleeding on probing (BOP) with a decrease of 15%. No significant differences were found between the groups at a level of p = 0.05. However, the amount of plaque was reduced by 62% in the blue light group and 51% in the control group, a difference established at a level of p = 0.058. A toothbrush with a 450 nm LED did not show any statistical significant adjunctive effect of toothbrushing regarding reduction in measurements of dental plaque and gingival inflammation.

iRoot SP配合单尖法根管充填治疗牙体牙髓病的效果及对牙周状态和龈沟液炎性因子水平的影响

目的 探讨iRoot SP配合单尖法根管充填治疗牙体牙髓病的效果及对牙周状态和龈沟液炎性因子水平的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年1月收治的牙体牙髓病82例,按治疗方法分为观察组和对照组各41例,观察组应用iRoot SP配合单尖法治疗,对照组应用iRoot SP配合冷测压法治疗。比较2组临床疗效、充填情况、牙周状态、龈沟液炎性因子水平及疼痛情况。结果 治疗后,观察组临床总有效率和恰填率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后牙周探诊深度、探诊出血指数、牙齿松动度、菌斑指数、临床附着水平及超敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗后,观察组疼痛总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 iRoot SP配合单尖法根管充填能够提高牙体牙髓病的临床疗效,改善患者充填情况以及牙周状态,降低龈沟液炎性因子水平及减轻患者疼痛。

5.6%利多卡因气雾剂在菌斑性龈炎超声洁治中的止痛效果观察

目的 评价在菌斑性龈炎超声洁治中应用5.6%利多卡因的止痛效果。方法 将86例菌斑性龈炎做超声洁治的患者,采用随机化的左右半口对照设计,双侧唇(颊)、舌(腭)侧分别进行5.6%利多卡因气雾剂和使用安慰剂治疗,即刻后进行超声洁治。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对疼痛进行评分分别记录麻醉的效果,以及不良反应。结果 利多卡因气雾剂侧显著低于安慰侧VAS评分。两组均无不良反应。结论 5.6%利多卡因气雾剂在菌斑性龈炎超声洁治中的麻醉效果好,值得临床推广应用。