Screening of Two Biocontrol Strains of Bacillus subtilis against Ginseng Soil-borne Disease and Their Antifungal Activities

[ Objective] The paper was to obtain biocontrol strains with good control effects against ginseng soil-borne disease through screening. [ Method] Dilu- tion plate method and plate confrontation culture method were used to isolate and screen biocontrol bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng. The strains were identified through morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA. [ Result ] With Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fu- sarium solani as the indicator strains, two biocontrol strains B59 and X1 with strong antagonistic effects were screened from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginseng in Tieli farm of Heilongjiang Province, and they were identified to be Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition rates of two biocontrol strains against eight different fungi were all greater than 90%. The primary study indicated that B59 and X1 strains could secrete antifungal active substances. [ Conclusion] Two biocontrol Bacillus subti- lis strains 1359 and X1 all had strong antagonistic effect against ginseng soil-borne disease, which had certain potential for development and utilization.

Fermentation, formulation and evaluation of PGPR Bacillus subtilis isolate as a bioagent for reducing occurrence of peanut soil-borne diseases

Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis coded,B4,B7,B8 and B10 were examined as biocontrol agents for their abilities and antagonistic effect on the in vitro growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi of peanut,Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4(GenBank accession no.EF150884)was the highly effective one for inhibiting the fungal mycelial growth.Batch fermentation of B.subtilis isolate B4 was carried out and the maximum biomass achieved was 4.53 g L-1 at 11 h.Bacillus subtilis isolate B4 was formulated and evaluated as a biofungicide to reduce peanut soil-borne diseases under greenhouse and field conditions at the side of Rizolex-T(fungicide)as standard.Treatments by formulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)B.subtilis B4 and Rizolex-T in a soil infested with R.solani,S.rolfsii and mixture of them were more effective in decreasing percentage of damping-off,root and pod rot disease incidence(%)in greenhouse and open field environment during the two seasons 2015 and 2016.Treatments by PGPR gave highly dry weight and number of healthy pods compared to control of fungi treatment which was nearby to dry weights of healthy pods achieved by treatments by Rizolex-T in a soil infested with S.rolfsii,R.solani and mixture of them.Formulated PGPR B.subtilis B4 gave higher increasing of yield percentage than treatment by Rizolex-T in the two evaluated seasons 2015 and 2016.It can conclude that the produced bioforumlated agent was more efficient as fungicide when compared with the other chemical synthesized fungicides,safe for human and the environment and economy.

Total saponins of Panax ginseng effects on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells and in a Parkinson's disease mouse model

BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.

Prevention and Control Technology of Potato Soil-borne Diseases

In recent years,potato soil-borne diseases have occurred severely.The investigation shows that potato Fusarium wilt greatly affects potato yield,leading to a yield reduction rate of 21.8%.Potato powdery scab shows very mild symptoms on potato tuber,basically with no symptoms in some plots,but shows obvious symptoms on the root system.A large number of nodules which are produced on one side of the root system seriously affect water and fertilizer absorption function of the potato root system.Potato tubers expand slowly,leading to small potato tuber,low yield and low commodity rate.The fungus can survive in soil for more than 10 years.Potato soil-borne diseases are harmful and are difficult to control.Susceptible plants can be detected by high definition chromatographic control method and pathogen detection.For prevention and control of potato soil-borne diseases,first of all,disease-resistant varieties should be chosen and virus-free potato seeds are used for sowing.Secondly,metham and dazomet can be used to treat soil in order to prevent and control potato soil-borne diseases.The results showed that the dead seedling rate treated by metham was reduced from 35%to 12.5%compared with the blank control,and the yield was increased by 44.09 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 18.2%.Compared with the blank control,the dead seedling rate treated by dazomet was decreased from 35%to 7.5%,and the yield was increased by 38.10 kg/ha,with an increase rate of 15.7%.The soil treatment received obvious yield increase effect.

A review: Panax ginseng diseases and the control techniques

Panax ginseng(P.ginseng)is a famous traditional medical plant,with both the medical and economic value.In China,the cultivation of P.ginseng is a major agricultural activity.However,the yield and quality have declined in recent years due to various diseases.This review summarized the common diseases of P.ginseng and the controlling techniques,aiming to enhance the cultivation of P.ginseng and ensure the sustainable development of P.ginseng industry.

Allelopathy of decomposed maize straw products on three soilborn diseases of wheat and the analysis by GC-MS

In northern China, the soil-born diseases of wheat have been getting more and more serious under a new farming system that returns maize straw to the field. In order to investigate the allelopathy of the decomposed maize straw products on three soil-born diseases of wheat, culture dish and pot experiments were conducted and the compounds in the products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Culture dish experiments showed that the mycelial growth, sclerotia formation amount and total weight of Rhizoctonia cerealis were promoted at concentrations of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 g mL-1 and inhibited at concentration of 0.48 g mL-1 of the decomposed products. No significant effects were found of the product concentrations on average weight of the sclerotia. Mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis was promoted at almost all concentrations except the highest one. Mycelial growth and spore germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana were significantly inhibited by all concentrations of the decomposed products, with enhanced inhibition effects along with the increased concentrations. The length, number and dry weight of roots together with the root superoxide dismutase activity were promoted by the lowest concentration （0.03 g mL-1）, with a synthetic effect index of 0.012, and inhibited by other concentrations. The ion leakage of roots was increased and the root peroxidase activity of roots was lowered by all the treatments. Pot experiments revealed that occurrence of the sharp eyespot was reduced by 0.03 and 0.06 g mL-1 of decomposed products after irrigation. However, the incidence rates and disease indexes were significantly increased by 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 g mL-1 of decomposed products. The results indicated that incidence rates and disease indexes of the take-all were significantly promoted after being irrigated with the decomposed products, while occurrences of the common rot didn＇t change, significantly. GC-MS results showed that the compounds of the decomposed products included organic acids, esters, hydrocarbons, amides and aldehydes, with the proportions 25.26, 24.01, 17.22, 14.39 and 7.73%, respectively. Further analysis investigated that the allelochemicals identified in straw decomposed products contained p-hydroxybenzoic acid （9.21%）, dibutyl phthalate （6.94%）, 3-phenyl-2-acrylic （5.06%）, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid （2.26%）, hexanoic acid （1.73%）, 8-octadecenoic acid （1.06%）, 3-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl）-2-propenoic acid （1.04%）, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid （0.94%） and salicylic acid （0.94%）.

Antagonistic Effects of Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on 4 Kinds of Pathogenic Bacteria of Ginseng

[Objectives]To explore effective biocontrol methods for diseases in the process of ginseng cultivation,and develop an efficient and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.[Methods]In this study,2 strains were isolated from biogas slurry,and Cylindrocarpon destructans(XF),Fusarium solani(GF),Botrytis cinerea Pers(HM)and Alternaria panax Whetz(HB)were used as test materials.The strains were isolated and identified by dilution plate method,16S rDNA sequence identification method,confrontation culture method,filter paper method and ultraviolet spectrophotometer method,and the bacteriostatic activity and bacteriostatic rate were tested.[Results]Strain 15(Sphingomonas)and strain 19(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)were screened out through identification and analysis,and they grew stably within 8-10 d.The bacteriostatic rates of strain 15 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 47.37%and 43.40%,respectively,and the bacteriostatic rates of strain 19 against A.panax and B.cinerea were 62.30%and 63.27%,respectively.The bacteriostatic activity of the extract of strain 19 increased with the increase of OD_(600) value,and the bacteriostatic effect was optimal when the OD_(600) value was in the range of 0.8-1.0,up to 70%,so it had a strong biocontrol potential.[Conclusions]This experiment provides convenience for more effective inoculation,establishes a fast,simple and accurate method for the determination of the best bacteriostatic rate of P.aeruginosa culture solution to HM,and lays a foundation for large-scale culture of P.aeruginosa culture solution.Besides,it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient control of ginseng B.cinerea in field production,use it for the prevention and control of ginseng shoot diseases,and provide a reference for the efficient and diverse development of biocontrol agents for ginseng shoot diseases.

人参、石菖蒲及其药对防治阿尔茨海默症的药理作用研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)病因复杂,发病机制尚未完全阐明,现有药物仅能缓解其症状,亟待研发有效的治疗药物。作为补虚药及开窍药的代表药物,人参及石菖蒲均有提高记忆力、改善学习能力及减轻认知障碍的药理作用,是中医治疗痴呆症的常用药物。人参-石菖蒲药对联用可促进活性成分入脑发挥药效,并通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、调节神经元-突触可塑性等多途径延缓AD进程,具有多层次、多系统和多靶点的作用特点。该文尝试总结现有研究成果,为进一步探讨人参、石菖蒲的联用,实现协同增效的作用机制以及配伍的量效关系奠定基础,为研制防治AD的中药创新药物提供科学依据。

参芪地黄汤合桃红四物汤化裁治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ期糖尿病肾脏病疗效及对氧化应激的影响

目的观察参芪地黄汤合桃红四物汤化裁治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ期糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)患者的临床疗效及对氧化应激指标的影响。方法选取2021年3月—2023年3月就诊于河北医科大学第三医院肾内科门诊及住院的126例DKD患者,随机分为对照组及观察组,每组63例。2组患者均接受常规西医治疗,观察组同时给予参芪地黄汤合桃红四物汤化裁方治疗,2组均治疗12周。观察2组治疗前后中医证候积分及肾功能指标[24 h尿蛋白定量及血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)]、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血流变学指标(纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度、全血黏度)、氧化应激指标[血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]变化,统计2组临床疗效、终点事件和不良反应发生情况。结果对照组59例、观察组58例完成研究。2组治疗后中医证候积分及24h尿蛋白定量、BUN、SCr、FPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度、全血黏度、MDA水平均明显降低(P均<0.05),SOD水平均明显升高(P均<0.05);治疗后观察组中医证候积分及24 h尿蛋白定量、BUN、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度、全血黏度、MDA水平均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05),SOD水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组[84.48%(49/58)比66.10%(39/59),P<0.05]。2组终点事件和不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论参芪地黄汤合桃红四物汤化裁能有效减轻Ⅲ~Ⅳ期DKD患者的临床症状,减少尿蛋白排泄,保护肾功能,改善糖脂代谢紊乱,调节血液高凝状态,抗氧化应激,效果优于常规西医治疗。

基于空间代谢组学方法研究人参治疗阿尔兹海默症大鼠的药效物质及作用机制

本文采用基于空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾离子化质谱成像(AFADESI-MSI)技术的空间代谢组学方法,全面探讨了人参在分子水平上治疗阿尔兹海默症(AD)的药效物质基础及作用机制。药效学结果表明,人参提取物可显著改善AD模型大鼠的脑病理损伤状态,提高空间学习记忆能力;代谢组学结果表明,人参显著回调了与AD密切相关的19种生物标志物水平,涉及精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、三羧酸(TCA)循环和脂肪酸代谢等8条代谢通路。最后,在脑组织中检测出7种人参活性成分,这些物质可能通过调节与神经炎症、神经元损伤、能量缺失以及脂肪酸异常代谢密切相关的代谢途径上游靶点发挥作用,实现对关键代谢物水平的精确调控,从而达到治疗AD的目的。利用质谱成像可以将内外源性物质的空间分布进行对应分析,更清晰地阐释药物成分的具体作用机制。

基于血清代谢组学分析人参化橘红干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病的代谢机制

目的基于血清代谢组学探究人参化橘红干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的代谢机制。方法选取雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为对照组、模型组、氨茶碱组、人参化橘红组。除对照组外,其余大鼠接受脂多糖和烟雾诱导刺激,构建COPD大鼠模型,共计造模45 d,造模完成后,对照组和模型组给予等剂量生理盐水,人参化橘红组(0.027 g·mL^(-1))和氨茶碱组(0.009 g·mL^(-1))按100 g每1 mL灌胃,给药15 d;采用HE染色观察肺组织形态学变化及气道变化情况;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平;应用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对大鼠血清代谢学分析,筛选潜在生物标志物及其相关通路,并应用Western blot法对相关通路进行验证。结果人参化橘红能明显改善肺组织的炎症浸润和气道壁的增厚;降低血清内炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、MMP-9和TIMP-1水平(P<0.05,P<0.01);血清代谢组学分析共得出33个潜在生物标志物,涉及组氨酸代谢、精氨酸合成、花生四烯酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢等,经Western blot验证后,人参化橘红干预COPD代谢主要通过促进精氨酸合成和抑制花生四烯酸代谢。结论人参化橘红改善COPD大鼠肺组织内炎症浸润和气道壁增厚,其机制可能与促进精氨酸合成和抑制花生四烯酸代谢后保护肺组织有关。

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学研究《温病条辨》中人参方药治疗温病的用药规律

目的探索吴鞠通在《温病条辨》中运用人参方药治疗温病的核心药物组合及配伍规律,以期为后续研究与应用提供参考依据。方法以“人参”为关键词,整理选取《温病条辨》中含有人参的方剂并记录。运用中医传承计算平台(TCMICS)对所提取的中药数据进行频次统计、性味归经统计、药物功效分析、聚类分析及关联规则分析,并总结出核心药物组合。运用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、本草组鉴数据库(HERB)、PubChem数据库、Swiss Target Prediction数据库分析治疗温病药物的活性成分及靶点,使用Cytoscape软件构建核心药物-活性成分-靶点之间的网络图。通过DAVID数据库分析其相互作用关系及相关通路。结果共筛选出目标方剂43首。用药药性以温为主,其次为寒、平。药味以甘为主,其次为苦、辛。归经主要归脾、肺、心、肾经。中药功效频次最高的为补虚类,其次为收涩类、清热类。与人参组合的核心药物4味,频次由高到低分别为麦冬、炙甘草、当归、阿胶。药物组合中的活性成分共116个、靶点949个。ESR1、ESR2、CYP19A1、PTPN1等为较重要的靶点。核心药物活性成分主要涉及蛋白质丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性、蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性、核受体活性、配体激活的转录因子活性等分子功能。潜在的作用靶点主要位于膜筏、膜微区、膜区等位置。共涉及199条通路,主要有神经活性配体-受体相互作用、钙信号、cAMP信号等通路。结论《温病条辨》中43首使用人参治疗温病的方剂药性以温为主,使用补虚类药物频次最高,其中人参-麦冬-炙甘草-当归-阿胶为核心药物组合,通过核心药物的主要活性成分及其潜在靶点,可得出人参治疗温病注重阴液与脾肺之气在温病逐渐变化中的影响,以调节人体阴阳与脏腑精气血津的虚实,达到扶正祛邪的目的。

氧化应激在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的生物标志物研究及中药预测

目的:探索氧化应激在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中的作用,并预测相关治疗中药。方法:从GEO数据库下载COPD的微阵列数据集GSE10006,GeneCards数据库获取氧化应激基因,鉴定氧化应激差异表达基因(DEOSGs);对DEOSGs进行GO、KEGG及GSEA富集分析;使用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建PPI网络并筛选出候选中心基因;使用独立样本GSE76925对候选中心基因进行验证确定中心基因;运用CIBERSORTF评估样品的免疫微环境,并分析中心基因与22种免疫细胞间的相关性;最后,通过Coremine数据库预测可靶向治疗COPD的中药并统计其相关属性。结果:获得了13个DEOSGs,确定了2个中心基因FN1及PPARG;免疫浸润评估显示,未活化的肥大细胞在COPD组织中明显上调,而活化的肥大细胞则明显下调;提示人参、大黄、天南星等43味中药对COPD具有潜在干预作用。结论:FN1,PPARG可做为COPD的诊断生物标志物,可为该病的诊断及治疗提供潜在依据。

从汗出发热探讨白虎汤、白虎加人参汤、竹叶石膏汤及四逆加人参汤方证

白虎汤证、白虎加人参汤证、竹叶石膏汤证、四逆加人参汤证均有汗出发热的表现,四种方证的病机根本区别为有无里热、津液与阳气的盛衰。白虎汤证的病机为里热亢盛、津气略损,机体多无休克表现;白虎加人参汤证的病机为热盛津亏、津亏为重,机体多有低血容量休克前兆的表现;竹叶石膏汤证的病机为余热未清、气津两伤,机体多处于疾病将愈的状态;四逆加人参汤证的病机为气随血脱、阴阳两虚,机体多已经进入休克状态。四个方剂的用药区别为清热、补益与回阳的侧重比例不同。白虎汤全方以寒凉药物为主导,共奏清解里热之功;白虎加人参汤清热与补益兼顾;竹叶石膏汤则以补气益津为主,清解里热为辅;四逆加人参汤以回阳固脱为主,补气益津为辅。四个方剂在临床运用时,既要审视病机的不同,也要注重病情的动态变化。

人参、五灵脂同方配伍功用初探

人参具有大补元气、复脉固脱、补脾益肺、生津、安神益智之功效,广泛用于治疗劳伤虚损、反胃吐食、虚咳喘促、小儿慢惊、崩漏等一切气血津液不足之证。五灵脂具有活血止痛、化瘀止血之功效,主要用于治疗心腹血气诸痛、闭经、产后瘀血作痛等病证。人参、五灵脂为十九畏中临床应用较多的一对配伍,一补一通,补中寓通,补而不滞,通而不伤正,治疗病证之病机主要是病久气虚,痰瘀交结,浊气壅塞,宿食不化所致的气虚血瘀之虚实夹杂之证,多用于胸痹心痛、妇科疾病、脾胃疾病、肺系疾病、癥瘕积聚、鼓胀及中风等疾病。

白虎加人参汤的古代文献考证及现代临床应用

目的:对古代文献中白虎加人参汤的历史沿革、药量、药物基原与炮制方法、制法与煎服法及主治病证等进行考证,并总结白虎加人参汤的现代临床主治疾病。方法:检索第五版中华医典数据库、中医智库、湖南中医药大学读秀数据库等中医古籍数据库,以“白虎加人参汤”“白虎加参汤”“人参白虎汤”“化斑汤”为关键词,总结古代文献中有关白虎加人参汤的药物组成、用量、炮制方法、制法、煎服法及主治病证等。再以中国知网数据库为基础,以“白虎加人参汤”为主题词进行检索,统计白虎加人参汤现代临床应用病证。结果:共收集到442条有关白虎加人参汤记载的文献数据,涉及167部医书,筛选出明确记载白虎加人参汤药物组成、用量、炮制方法、制法、煎服法等详细内容的古籍共84部。可得到白虎加人参汤药物组成及用量为盐知母82.8 g,生石膏(打碎)220.8 g,炒甘草27.6 g,人参27.6 g或41.4 g,粳米110 g;煎服方法为加水2 000 mL,先煮石膏20~30 min,再加入余下药物,煮至粳米熟,总共煎取药液600 mL,过滤去滓,将600 mL药液分3次温服,其中人参可另煎后将参汁兑服;主治病症为中暍(中暑)、膈消、消渴等。白虎加人参汤在现代临床应用中可用于治疗多系统疾病,其中以内分泌系统的糖尿病居多。结论:通过对白虎加人参汤的古代文献及现代临床应用文献进行考证挖掘,可为白虎加人参汤的现代临床应用提供一定的参考依据。

人参黑斑病拮抗菌的筛选

通过与人参黑斑病(Alternaria panax Whetz)病原真菌对峙培养的方法,从由人参叶片分离得到的18种内生真菌中,筛选出Ab2.21、AY10-11、AXY23种人参黑斑病拮抗菌,其抑菌率分别为70.9%、75.6%、77.5%,2种毛壳属(Chaetomium Kunze)真菌As1、As2的抑菌率分别为56.4%、62.4%。

利用拮抗微生物防治人参、西洋参土传病害研究进展

综述了人参、西洋参土传病害生物防治的研究现状及应用拮抗微生物防治土传病害的作用机理,指出了土传病害生防中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。

人参病虫害发生及农药施用现状调查

通过对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等中国人参主产区进行实地调查,获取第一手的人参病虫害发生、为害及农药施用现状。通过与人参种植户、人参种植合作社负责人以及农业技术推广人员的沟通与交流,结合问卷调查和技术培训等方式进行调查。参农普遍认为春季和夏季是病虫害的高发季节,对秋季,特别是秋末冬初病虫害防治不够重视,而该阶段恰是预防和杀死越冬害虫和病菌的关键时期;中国人参主产区当前主要病害有人参黑斑病、人参菌核病、人参红皮病及人参根腐病等,防治所用农药主要是代森铵;主要虫害是金针虫和地老虎,防治所用农药主要是辛硫磷;不科学、不规范用药有可能导致病菌和害虫抗药性增强,不利于人参病虫害的有效防治。通过此次调查,初步了解了人参当前病虫害发生、为害特点及农药施用现状,为开展深入研究提供了有价值的参考依据。

人参果皂苷对急性心肌梗塞犬血流动力学的影响

目的:研究人参果皂苷(GFS)对急性心肌梗塞犬血流动力学的影响。方法:30只犬结扎左冠状动脉前降支6h制备急性心肌梗塞模型,GFS按2.5、5.0和10.0mg.kg-1分为3个剂量组,静脉滴注给药;阳性对照药生脉注射液(PAI)组静脉滴注PAI4.0mL.kg-1;梗塞模型组静脉滴注生理盐水,记录给GFS后犬心功能及血流动力学各参数变化。结果:与模型组比较,GFS5.0和10.0mg.kg-1组犬的心率(HR)减慢(P<0.05或P<0.01),收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压上升最大速率(+dp/dtmax)、左室压下降最大速率(-dp/dtmax)及心输出量(CO)增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),与PAI组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:GFS能改善心肌的收缩和舒张功能,缓解心肌梗塞后的泵衰竭,同时能降低心肌耗氧量,有利于增加心肌供血。