RAPD Analysis of M_1 Generation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort Treated by EMS

Gladiolus hybridus Hort is one of the world＇s famous cutting flowers. It is very popular because of the big size, bright color, various shape, and long period of bloom. New species should be cultivated in order to meet the consumers＇ need of asking for the new. Among the technologies of cultivating new species of flowers, mutagenic breeding is a shortcut. This study treated corm bud of G. hybridus Hort with EMS of different consistency. Then M1 after treated was analyzed by RAPD. The result showed that EMS was a very effective mutagenic agent for the corm bud of G. hybridus Hort. With the increase of consistency, the mutagenic range increased first, then decreased, among which 0.6% EMS treatment had the biggest influence. However, with the same EMS consistency, there was not close relevancy between the amount of mutagenic agent and the divergence of plant＇s genomes, which offered a molecular basis for selecting plants with good mutation.

Research on protoplast preparation and culture in Gladiolus hybridus Hort

Protoplasts prepared from the aseptic leaves of Rose Supreme in Gladiolus hybridus Hort. were cultured. The yield of protoplasts with vigour was the highest under the following conditions： 1.5% cellulase Onzuka RS, 0.5% pectinase Y-23, 0.6 mol· L^-1 mannitol, pH 5.8, digestion time 2 h, and temperature 27℃. After isolation and purification, protoplasts were cultured in solid and liquid combined medium, which included KM8P, 0.6 mol· L^-1 mannitol, 1.0 mg· L^-1 2, 4-D, 0.2 mg· L^-1 NAA and 0.2 mg· L^-1 KT. The division of the protoplasts first emerged in medium after cultured 4 days, and emerged only a few times.

ISSR Analysis of M_1 Generation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort Treated by EMS

Gladiolus hybridus Hort is one of famous cutting flowers,being famous of big size,bright color,various shapes and long bloom period.New species should be cultivated in order to meet consumers needs.Mutagenic breeding is a shortcut to cultivate new species of flowers.In this study,corm bud of G.hybridus Hort was treated with different concentrations of EMS.Then M 1 generation was analyzed by ISSR.Results showed that EMS was a very effective mutagenic agent for the corm bud of G.hybridus Hort.With the increa...

ISSR Analysis of 26 General Species in Gladiolus hybridus Hort

ISSR analysis is applied in this study to research the classification and genetic relationship of 26 cultivars of G.hybridus Hort.Total 19 arbitrary primers screened from 100 primers were used for further PCR and diversity analysis.A total of 110 ISSR sites were detected with a mean of 5.63 fragments amplified for each primer.A total of 103 polymorphic DNA fragments were detected among all the 110 amplified fragments,which accounted for a high level of 93.6%of all and could be used to identify different cultivars.The results revealed that the idioplasm resource of G.hybridus Hort cutting flower cultivar had a narrow genetic basis on molecular level,and certain genetic relationship existed in summer large-flowers of G.hybridus Hort varieties.

RAPD Analysis of Twelve General Species of Gladiolus hybridus Hort.

RAPD analysis was applied in studying the classification and genetic relationship of 12 cultivars of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. Twenty-six arbitrary primers screened from 80 primers were used for further PCR and diversity analysis. A total of 164 RAPD sites were detected with a mean of 6.31 fragments amplified for each primer. A total of 151 polymorphic DNA fragments were detected among all ,the 164 amplified fragments, which accounted for a high level of 92.8% of all and could be used for identification of different cultivars. The result revealed that the germplasm resource of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. cultivar had a narrow genetic base on molecular level.

Discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) in Gladiolus ×hybridus, G. dalenii

The lack of identified flowering genes in ornamental geophytic crops,such as Gladiolus,is critical to further genetic research.The UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C(UFC)gene is adjacent to FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC)which is a floral repressor;FLC EXPRESSOR(FLX)upregulates FRIGIDA which upregulates FLC expression.The purpose of this research was to determine whether two flowering genes exist in Gladiolus×hybridus and G.dalenii:UFC and FLX.Seventeen early flowering and commercial cultivars possess the UFC gene with four exons in two allelic forms.The sequenced UFC gene,when translated into its amino acid sequence and set in pair-alignment to other species,has<57%in amino acid identity to Musa acuminata.The FLX gene in gladiolus has 3/5(60%)exons in common with Ananas comosus;pair-alignment of the exons has~65%identity of FLX to A.comosus.The UFC protein consists of a conserved domain,DUF966,which is higher in identity(86%)and pair-alignment with Elaeis guineensis.The two newly-discovered genes in gladiolus,UFC and FLX,provide insight into the flowering mechanism,flowering pathway genes,and vernalization response.

Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Some Postharvest Characteristics of Cut Gladiolus

In order to apply calcium to the vase solutions of cut gladiolus （Gladiolus hybridus）, the vase life and some physiological characteristics were studied in this article. A gladiolus cultivar, Mascagni, was chosen for experiments, and its cut flowers were held into solutions, which contained calcium acetate, ethylene glycol bis-amino tetmacetate （EGTA）, and water, respectively. The effects of calcium were probed by measuring the ornamental quality of cut gladiolus and the physiological characteristics such as calmodulin （CAM）, abscisic acid （ABA）, gibberellins （GA）, zeatin （ZRs）, endogenous calcium, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and soluble sugar in florets. In a solution of 2 mmol L-1 calcium acetate, the opening rate of cut gladiolus was higher than that of control, and the vase life and ornamental value of flowers were better than that in control and other treatments of calcium acetate. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate has the best effect on the fresh keeping of cut gladiolus. In petals and bracts of cut gladiolus, the contents of CaM and GA and the ratios of GA/ABA and ZRs/ABA were higher in treatment of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate than that in control, while the contents of ABA and MDA were lower. Compared with the control, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate increased the endogenous calcium contents, and decreased the MDA contents, and alleviated the effects of EGTA on CaM, GA, GA/ABA, and ZRs/ABA. It made the soluble sugar content higher in petals than the control, but lower in bracts. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate not only stabilizes the membrane structure of cut gladiolus, but also activates CaM. It thereby controls the endogenous hormone levels, and transports soluble sugar into petals, and increases the vase life of the flower.

In Vitro Efficacy Assessment of Botanical Extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum Causing Gladiolus Leaf Blight

An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum (Bg) causing gladiolus leaf blight. Infected leaves samples were collected from gladiolus farmers’ field and brought to the laboratory for study. Ten selected botanicals were used against the colony growth of (Bg). The botanicals were Mehendi, Chrysanthemum, Basil (Tulsi), Onion, Neem, Bael, Arjuna, Garlic, Aloevera (Ghritkumary) and Turmeric. Botanical extracts were applied at the rate of 5%, 10% and 20%. The radial mycelia growth was found minimum (11.60 mm) in garlic extract treated plate at the dose of 5% at 5 DAI, which was statistically similar with turmeric extract treated (14.00 mm) plate and the inhibition of growth was 60% and 51.72%, respectively. Similar trend was found at 10 DAI and 15 DAI. At 15 DAI, garlic and turmeric extract gave the best result against Bg, which was statistically similar with onion (50.07% inhibition) and mehendi (49.93%). All botanicals showed significantly different results over control and found effective in reducing the mycelial growth at the dose of 10%. At 5 DAI, no radial mycelia growth was found in garlic treated plate, which was statistically similar with onion treated plate, means that the inhibition of growth was 100%. Similar trend was also found at 10 DAI, and 15 DAI but at 15 DAI, onion (30.20 mm) gave the statistically similar results with Garlic (30.10 mm) and the mycelia growth inhibition was (57.70%) and (57.84%), respectively. In case of 20% dose, garlic extract showed the best result at 5 DAI and the radial mycelia growth was found minimum (00.00 mm) which was statistically similar with onion extract treated (00.00 mm) plate and turmeric extract treated plate. The inhibition of growth was 100%. At 15 DAI, the inhibition of fungal growth was found (73.74%), (71.23%) and (66.90%), respectively with treated by turmeric (18.80 mm), garlic (20.60 mm) and onion (23.70 mm).

Study on Mutant Induction of Gladiolus by in vitro Culture of Petals

Petals of Gladiolus ＇Rose Supreme＇ were used to establish regeneration system. Developmental characteristics of petals were observed. A total of 94 plantlets of petal somaclonal line were marked in Mj generation by ISSR molecular markers and traits were observed in M3 generation. The results showed that the best medium to induce callus was MS＋2, 4-D 4.0 rag＂ L-~＋6-BA 0.5 rag. L~ and the best medium to induce somatic embryogenesis was MS＋2, 4-D1.0 mg＇L-I＋TDZ0.3 mg-L-1. New petals could be formed from petal callus directly. Pigments of mother plant appeared on plantlets while they were formed from petals. Two mutants were obtained from petal somaclonal line in M3 generation which demonstrated the correctness of ISSR analysis in M1 generation.

兰州百合青霉病病原菌分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

目的探索引起兰州百合采后贮藏期间青霉病的主要病原菌,研究其生物学特性。方法从自然发病的青霉病病害组织中分离纯化得到引起兰州百合青霉病的主要病原,通过形态学和分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并对影响该病原菌生长发育的温度、光照、pH、碳氮源、湿度进行分析。结果引起新鲜兰州百合采后贮藏期间青霉病的主要病原菌为唐菖蒲青霉(Penicillium gladioli)。该菌在60℃下致死,温度20℃、pH中性偏碱、24 h黑暗,碳源为麦芽糖,氮源为尿素时,菌落生长最好;在温度为25℃、pH中性偏碱、24 h黑暗,碳源为蔗糖,氮源为酵母时,产孢量最多。结论确定了引起兰州百合采后贮藏期间青霉病的主要病原菌为唐菖蒲青霉,并明确了其最适温湿度、pH、碳源、氮源、光照条件及致死温度等生物学特性,为进一步有效控制兰州鲜百合采后青霉病的发生提供理论基础。

生物炭和腐植酸对唐菖蒲生长及根际土壤环境的影响

为探究生物炭和腐植酸对唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus)生长及根际土壤环境的影响,以唐菖蒲为试验材料,采用设施大棚栽培方式,设置8个处理:对照处理(CK:不加任何生物炭和腐植酸);单施腐植酸处理(T1:0.2 kg·m^(-2));单施生物炭处理(T2:1.5 kg·m^(-2));2种生物材料配施处理(T3:0.5 kg·m^(-2)生物炭+0.2 kg·m^(-2)腐植酸;T4:1.0 kg·m^(-2)生物炭+0.2 kg·m^(-2)腐植酸;T5:1.5 kg·m^(-2)生物炭+0.2 kg·m^(-2)腐植酸;T6:2.0 kg·m^(-2)生物炭+0.2 kg·m^(-2)腐植酸;T7:3.0 kg·m^(-2)生物炭+0.2 kg·m^(-2)腐植酸),测定不同处理下的植株生长和土壤指标。结果表明,生物炭添加腐植酸处理整体增加了唐菖蒲的生物量,与CK相比,单施生物炭处理(T2)与组合配施处理(T4、T5、T6、T7)在定植60和90 d时的唐菖蒲鲜重和干重有所增加。此外,通过检测唐菖蒲叶片中叶绿素含量的相对值发现,随着生物炭施用量的增加,叶绿素相对值(SPAD)也相对增加。而在定植60 d时,通过根系扫描系统(WinRHIZO)分析根系长度、表面积、体积等指标发现,各处理均在一定程度上促进了唐菖蒲根系生长,其中T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7各指标均显著高于CK。从土壤理化性状变化看,各处理的有机质含量整体较CK显著提高。与CK相比,除T1处理唐菖蒲根际土壤的pH值降低外,其余处理pH值均有所提高,以T2、T6、T7处理增幅较大,分别增加了0.88、0.87和1.07个单位。同时,与CK相比,T2、T5、T6、T7处理的土壤紧实度分别显著降低15.56%、20.95%、19.45%和24.97%。综上,生物炭和腐植酸在培肥土壤和促进植物生长方面具有潜在的应用价值,在本试验条件下,T5和T6处理的生物炭和腐植酸配施对唐菖蒲生长具有较好的促进作用。本研究为唐菖蒲高效栽培提供了技术参考。

基于DNA条形码鉴别青葙子及其混伪品绿穗苋种子

目的:基于DNA条形码对青葙子、绿穗苋种子进行鉴定。方法:基于ITS2、psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL常用DNA条形码的通用引物对样品进行扩增、测序,并从NCBI数据库下载ITS2、psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL碱基序列。利用MEGA 11.0软件构建NJ系统发育树、计算遗传距离及比较种间差异,并基于ITS2序列构建二级结构。结果:基于上述序列构建的NJ树均独立聚为一支,其中ITS2的种间遗传距离最大,基于ITS2构建的二级结构具有明显差异。结论:基于DNA条形码ITS2碱基序列及其二级结构可准确鉴别出青葙子及其混伪品绿穗苋种子,psbA-trnH碱基序列可以作为辅助鉴别序列。

图像处理技术在唐菖蒲叶面积测定中的应用

以数码相机结合Photoshop软件实测的唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus Hort)叶面积为参照,用不同叶位叶片的长径(L)和宽径(W)求得唐菖蒲叶面积的矫正系数和回归方程。以矫正系数(K)法求算叶面积:品种“桃红”LA=0.65LW,品种“玫瑰粉”LA=0.71LW;回归方程法求算叶面积:“桃红”LA=0.58×L×W+7.02,“玫瑰粉”LA=0.69×L×W+1.58。经方差分析比较证明,应用回归方程法计算的叶面积比用矫正系数法更为可靠。

唐菖蒲球茎形成期蔗糖和淀粉代谢及其相关酶活性

以唐菖蒲品种‘RoseSupreme’为材料,研究叶片、新球、匍匐茎和籽球中蔗糖、淀粉含量及其相关酶活性变化。结果表明:唐菖蒲叶片中蔗糖含量顺序为叶片>新球、籽球>匍匐茎。叶片和匍匐茎中淀粉含量较新球和籽球低。叶片、新球和籽球中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性较高。唐菖蒲生长发育前期各部位蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性均较低,但后期新球中的SS活性快速升高,叶片中则快速下降。酸性转化酶(AI)活性的高低顺序是叶片>匍匐茎>籽球>新球。叶片中性转化酶(NI)活性较其他部位高,匍匐茎不断增加,新球是先增加后降低。Q酶活性除了叶片外,其他部位均不断增加;总淀粉酶活性变化趋势均是先增加后降低。在唐菖蒲生长发育过程中,蔗糖代谢主要受SPS、SS、AI和NI的综合调控,Q酶和淀粉酶在球茎发育过程中对淀粉代谢起重要作用。

脂氧合酶对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响

为探讨脂氧合酶(LOX-1)对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响,以‘Rose Supreme’和‘Ad- vanced Red’两个品种为试材,研究了籽球的生长发育与LOX-1活性,内源茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)、蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,唐菖蒲叶片中检测不到LOX-1活性,匍匐茎中LOX-1活性和内源MJ含量最高,籽球数量较多的品种‘Rose Supreme’LOX-1活性和MJ含量显著高于‘Advanced Red’,说明LOX-1在唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大过程中起着重要作用,其作用途径可能是通过影响茉莉酸类化合物(JAs)的生物合成对籽球的发生和生长进行调控。在唐菖蒲籽球生长发育过程中,新球和籽球中蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量都不同程度升高,并且与LOX-1活性呈正相关,说明蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素对唐菖蒲新球和籽球的形成和膨大起着重要作用。

催花液对唐菖蒲切花水分生理及衰老的影响

本研究用两种不同催花液对唐菖蒲切花进行了处理。结果表明催花液不但具有催花效应 ,而且具有保鲜效应 ;催花液 的效果优于催花液 。结果还表明催花液能够提高唐菖蒲切花的开放率 (第 1 5天比对照平均多 34.48% ) ,降低衰老率 (第 1 5天比对照平均低 56.82 % ) ,明显地缓解切花水分胁迫 ,改善体内水分平衡 ,抑制和缓解干物质和蛋白质的降解。

激动素对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应

采用激动素(Kinetin,KT)处理,探讨了对唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)切花保鲜的效果以及生理作用的影响,结果表明,30 mg/L激动素与30 g/L蔗糖组合的处理液,能明显改善唐菖蒲切花体内的水分平衡状况,增加切花鲜重,提高观赏品质,推迟切花达到鲜重峰值和最大观赏值的时间,延长切花瓶插寿命,提高POD和SOD活性,延缓MDA含量的增加。单用激动素主要能增加唐菖蒲切花鲜重、促进吸水和提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低膜质过氧化水平,而蔗糖主要有利于花朵开放和提高观赏效果。

水杨苷异羟肟酸和茉莉酸甲酯对唐菖蒲试管结球的影响

为探讨水杨苷异羟肟酸(SHAM)和茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)对唐菖蒲试管结球的影响,以‘RoseSupreme’的籽球为外植体,研究了不同处理球茎内可溶性蛋白、内源MJ、碳水化合物(蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素)含量、脂氧合酶(LOX-1)、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD和APX)活性和LOX同工酶变化与试管结球之间的关系。结果表明:与对照相比,SHAM处理使结球时间明显推迟,结球率、球茎鲜样质量和直径降低;可溶性蛋白含量、LOX-1活性和MJ含量显著降低,LOX同工酶谱带变弱,并有2条同工酶带逐渐消失;抗氧化酶活性和碳水化合物含量降低。而MJ处理后上述指标均不同程度上调,0.5mmol.L-1为测试浓度范围内促进唐菖蒲试管结球的最佳浓度。以上试验结果说明SHAM对唐菖蒲试管结球起抑制作用,而MJ有明显的促进作用,可能通过外施MJ提高了LOX活性及内源MJ含量,调动碳水化合物的积累,增加抗氧化酶的活性,从而对球茎的发生和生长进行调控。

细胞分裂素对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应

试验探讨了含激动素的预处理液和含蔗糖及6-苄氨基腺嘌呤的瓶插液对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应。结果表明,预处理液能有效延长切花瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重和开花率,改善体内水分平衡,提高POD活性和CAT活性,延缓可溶性蛋白质含量的减少和MDA含量的增加。另外,经预处理后的切花插于瓶插液中,保鲜效果更加明显。

利用1-甲基环丙烯保鲜唐菖蒲切花的初步研究

用不同浓度的 1 -甲基环丙烯处理唐菖蒲切花 ,结果表明 :1 -甲基环丙烯处理能提高唐菖蒲切花小花开放率、观赏值 ,减少唐菖蒲的萎蔫程度 ,延迟花瓣、叶片质膜相对透性增加 ,对花瓣蛋白质和叶片叶绿素含量变化有一定的影响。其中 ,以浓度为 1 0 0nl/L的 1 -甲基环丙烯处理效果最佳。