Estimated Average Glandular Dose for 1,828 Mammography Procedures in China: A Multicenter Study

Objective To understand the distribution of the average glandular dose(AGD) in mammography by investigating 1,828 exposure parameters of 8 mammography machines in three cities, by using random sampling. Methods A survey of 8 mammography machines in three different cities, sampled using stratified random sampling methods, was performed, and 1,828 mammography exposure parameters were recorded. Incident air kerma(k) was measured by Quality-Assurance(QA) dosimeters, and AGD was calculated by series conversion coefficients based on a 3D detailed Monte Carlo breast model, published by Wang et al. Results The distribution of compressed breast thickness(CBT) fitted a normal distribution, while that of AGD fitted a skewed distribution. The mean value of CBT in a medio-lateral oblique(MLO) view was about 5.6% higher than that in the craniocaudal(CC) view, with significant statistical difference; mean value of AGD and CBT in the sample was 1.3 mGy and 4.6 cm, respectively. The AGD trended upward with increasing CBT, similar to the results of other researches. Conclusion The mean AGD and CBT levels in our study for mammography practice in China were 1.3 mGy and 4.6 cm, respectively. AGD is influenced by manufacturer-specific variation as machine response to CBT changes and target/filter combination. The present study can provide evidence for establishing a diagnostic reference level in China.

Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl avonoids.Both the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular level.During the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous phenolics.At later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the trichomes.Due to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive tissues.Protection from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ectance.Moreover,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and pathogens.Although the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic environment.In fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy metals.Hence,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.

Influence on radiosensitivity of lung glandular cancer cells when ERCC1 gene silenced by targeted siRNA

Objective:To identify the influence on radiosensitivity of lung glandular cancer cells when excisions repair cross-complementing group1(ERCC1) gene was silenced by targeted siR NA.Methods:siR NA which targeting to ERCC1 and control siR NA was designed and synthesized.The human lung glandular cancer SPC-A-1 cells was transfected.A total of 56 nude mice were divided into two groups,and two kinds of SPC-A-1 cells were transplanted to armpit of right forelimb,to establish the nude mice subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model of human lung glandular cancer cells.After the tumor was developed,the nude mice were randomly divided into four groups and accepted different doses of X-Ray radiation,then the change of tumor volume,survival time of mice in every group were recorded and the average lifetime was calculated.Twenty-one days later of X-ray experiment,two mice were taken and sacrificed in each group and the tumors organizations were stripped.The cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle distributions were obtained by FCM(flow cytometry).Results:The volume of tumor which ERCC1 gene was silenced was less than single irradiation group after X-ray irradiation,and the growth speed was slower and the lifetime of mice was lengthened as well(P<0.05).The cells apoptosis rate and the rate of G2/M cells which ERCC1 gene was silenced were higher than the same dose control group and the rate of G_1 cells were lower,which indicated that the cells could be stopped at G_2/M point,the cell proliferation was inhibited,the cell apoptosis was promoted and the radiation sensitivity was improved after the ERCC1 was silenced.Conclusions:The radiation sensitivity of lung glandular tumor could be improved after the ERCC1 gene was silenced by siR NA.

Two New Selenoproteins Found in the Prostatic Glandular Epithelium and in the Spermatid Nuclei

After labeling of rats in vivo with 75Se and protein separation by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis more than 25 Se-containing bands could be distinguished.Of those proteins which were detected only in certain compartments and might therefore have tissue-specific functions, two were chosen for detailed investigation.A 15 kDa-protein was found in the prostatic epithelium where it accounted for about two thirds of the protein-bound 75Se. It was mainly present in the cytosol but was not released into the prostatic secretion. After gel chromatography it was found in the fraction which contained proteins with molecular masses of about 300 kDa. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis a plvalue of about 4. 5 was determined.In the testis a specific Se-containing 34 kDa-protein was observed which appeared after the onset of puberty. It was localized in the spermatid nuclei where it contained about 80% of the Se tracer present and was found to be bound to the DNA. After extraction it partly disintegrated into a 20 kDa-protein.Both compounds contain Se in the form of selenocysteine. The fact that their formation had priority over that of glutathione peroxidase during insufficient Se intake is an indication of their biological significance. Special interest in the prostatic epithelial selenoprotein derives from a possible inverse relationship between the Se status and the incidence of prostate cancer observed in epidemiological studies, whereas with the 34 kDa-selenoprotein its appearance during the condensation phase of the spermatid nuclei might suggest its participation in some processes of sperm maturation

STERIGMATOCYSTIN INDUCED ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE LUNG AND ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA OF GLANDULAR STOMACH IN MICE

Aspergillus versicolor was isolated from the gastric juice of patients with chronic stomach diseases in high-risk area of gastric cancer. Mice fed with Aspergillus-inoculated corn flour developed adenocarcinoma of the lung in 15 of 35 mice (42.9%) and atypical hyperplasia of the glandular stomach in 13 of 35 mice (37.4%). Sterigmatocystin was identified by high performance liquid chromato-graphy (HPLC) and fluorescence spectrophotometry in the extract of Aspergillus-inoculated corn flour. The results suggest that the mycotoxin Sterigmatocystin may play a potential role in carcinogenesis in human.

Localization of a defensive volatile 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in the capitate glandular trichomes of Oenothera glazioviana

Glandular trichomes of plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites which are considered as major defensive chemicals. The capitate glandular trichomes of Oenothera glazioviana(Onagraceae) were collected with laser microdissection and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compound 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one(1) was identified. We found that compound 1 displays antimicrobial, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities. These results suggest that compound 1 might function as a defensive compound in the capitate glandular trichomes of O. glazioviana against pathogens, insect herbivores, and presumably competitive plants as well.

A Study on Clinical Management of Glandular Changes in Cells on Cervical Cytology

A cytological cervical smear abnormality of glandular origin raises a high suspicion of underlying invasive or pre invasive cancers. Objective: To look into the diagnosis and management of women presenting with glandular changes on cervical cytology and to further implement a good management plan for these women. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of all patients referred to North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC) NHS foundation trust, United Kingdom with glandular changes on their cervical smear result between January 2015 and December 2020. Data was collected from the hospital colposcopy data base. Results: This study comprised of a sample size of 65 women. 11 of these (17%) were referred with borderline changes in their endocervical cells and 54 (83%) referred with a ?glandular neoplasia of endocervical type. There were colposcopically significant lesions (high grade lesions or suspected adenocarcinoma) for 52 (80%) of the women. All but one (98%) had Large loop excition of transformation zone (LLETZ) after colposcopy. Histologically, 8 (12%) women were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, 29 (45%) were diagnosed with high grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (HGCGIN), 9 (14%) had high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), 2 (3%) had low grade cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (LGCGIN), 4 (6%) had a normal histology and 10 (15%) had lesions of mixed origin. After their first LLETZ treatment, 24 (37.5%) needed repeat LLETZ, 8 (12%) had a hysterectomy and one woman had radical trachelectomy.

Helicobacter pylori infection, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer and early gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the histological features of gastric mucosa, including Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with early gastric cancer and endoscopically found superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis,gastric ulcer.METHODS: The biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and upper angulus of all the patients.Giemsa staining, improved toluidine-blue staining, and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the histological diagnosis of gastric mucosa inflammation, gastric glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and scored into four grades according to the Updated Sydney System.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H pylori infection in superficial gastritis was 28.7%, in erosive gastritis 57.7%,in gastric erosion 63.3%, in gastric ulcer 80.8%, in early gastric cancer 52.4%. There was significant difference (P＜0.05), except for the difference between early gastric cancer and erosive gastritis. H pylori infection rate in antrum, corpus, angulus of patients with superficial gastritis was 25.9%, 26.2%, 25.2%, respectively; in patients with erosive gastritis 46.9%, 53.5%, 49.0%,respectively; in patients with gastric erosion 52.4%, 61.5%,52.4%, respectively; in patients with gastric ulcer 52.4%,61.5%, 52.4%, respectively; in patients with early gastric cancer 35.0%, 50.7%, 34.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found among the different site biopsies in superficial gastritis, but in the other diseases the detected rates were higher in corpus biopsy (P＜0.05). The grades of mononuclear cell infiltration and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, in early gastric cancer patients, were significantly higher than that in superficial gastritis patients, lower than that in gastric erosion and gastric ulcer patients (P＜0.01);however, there was no significant difference compared with erosive gastritis. The grades of mucosa glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were significantly highest in early gastric cancer, lower in gastric ulcer, the next were erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, the lowest in superficial gastritis (P＜0.01). Furthermore, 53.3% and 51.4% showed glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in angular biopsy specimens, respectively; but only 40.3%and 39.9% were identified in antral biopsy, and 14.1%and 13.6% in corpus biopsy; therefore, the angulus was more reliable for the diagnosis of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compared with antrum and corpus (P＜0.01). The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pyloripositivity was 50.7%, 34.1%; of erosive gastritis 76.1%,63.0%; of gastric erosion 84.8%, 87.8%; of gastric ulcer 80.6%, 90.9%; and of early gastric cancer 85.5%, 85.3%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis with H pylorinegativity was 9.9%, 6.9%; of erosive gastritis 42.5%,42.1%; of gastric erosion 51.1%, 61.9%; of gastric ulcer 29.8%, 25.5%; and of early gastric cancer 84.0%,86.0%,respectively. The positivity rate of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, gastric erosion, and gastric ulcer patients with H pylori positivity was significantly higher than those with H pylori negativity (P＜0.01); however, there was no significant difference in patients with early gastric cancer with or without H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: The progression of the gastric pre-cancerous lesions, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in superficial gastritis, gastric erosion, erosive gastritis and gastric ulcer was strongly related to H pylori infection. In depth studies are needed to evaluate whether eradication of H pylori infection will really diminish the risk of gastric cancer.

Computation and parameterization of normalized glandular dose using Geant4

The average absorbed dose in glandular tissue is the most appropriate parameter for the assessment of the radiation-induced risk during breast imaging. The aims of this work concern:(1) the investigation of the variation effect of any related update to photon cross-section data-bases on the computation of the normalized glandular dose(Dg N) for mammography quality control tests and(2) the proposition of a parameterization method leading to provide Dg N values function of the breast thickness(T) and the particle energy(E) instead of E alone, as normally known. We analyzed the change effect of the photon cross-section data-bases on the computation of Dg N. Those coefficients, generated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, were studied over a range of compressed breast thickness of 2–8 cm for monoenergetic(1–120 ke V by 1 ke V intervals) and polyenergetic(23–35 k Vp by 2 k Vp intervals) X-ray beams. Moreover, breast tissue composition ranging from about0% glandular(about 100% adipose) to 100% glandular(0% adipose) was also covered. The successful parameterization of Dg N look-up table function of the breast thickness and energy, will compact its analytical form without loss of accuracy. All parameterization fits resulted in r2 values of 0.999 or better.

下行性坏死性纵隔炎:一项基于我国近10年已发表数据的临床分析

目的探讨下行性坏死性纵隔炎(descending necrotizing mediastinitis,DNM)的临床特征、诊治策略、预后,为早期诊断、及时治疗DNM提供参考。方法计算机检索我国已发表的DNM文献(2012年6月至2023年6月)并进行全面回顾评估,分析DNM感染原因、致病微生物、主要症状、合并症、治疗方法等。结果共检索到781例DNM病例,平均年龄(52.97±5.64)岁,其中554例男性,227例女性。牙源性感染来源、扁桃体和咽喉脓肿、唾液腺炎、上呼吸道感染、异物损伤或医源性创伤操作是DNM常见病因的来源,其中牙源性感染来源最多见。链球菌属(n=217)和葡萄球菌属(n=82)是感染灶最常分离得到的菌群,其次是肺炎克雷伯杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌(均为59例)。有69.4%(542/781)的DNM患者存在各种合并症,其中超过1/3的患者(n=185)患有糖尿病。碳青霉烯类是治疗DNM最广泛应用的抗生素,万古霉素则是最多的联合用药选择。纵隔引流方法变化多样,但最佳方案尚存争议。本研究发现,72例DNM患者接受了电视辅助胸腔镜/纵隔镜手术引流,22例患者经皮穿刺引流,30例患者单独采用经颈平行入路引流,40例患者进行了开胸手术,617例根据感染病灶具体部位选择相应联合术式进行外科引流。781例DNM患者总死亡率为11.2%。结论DNM最有效的诊治措施为保持高度的临床警觉,及时采取充分的外科引流,并进行重症监护,包括血流动力学监测和营养支持以及必要多次的计算机断层扫描检查、全身抗生素联合用药。

Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Non-glandular Trichome Cells of Artemisia annua

Artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACT)forms the first line of malaria treatment.However,the yield fluctuation of artemisinin has remained an unsolved problem in meeting the global demand for ACT.This problem is mainly caused by the glandular trichome(GT)-specific biosynthesis of artemisinin in all currently used Artemisia annua cultivars.Here,we report that non-GT cells of self-pollinated inbred A.annua plants can express the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway.Gene expression analysis demonstrated the transcription of six known pathway genes in GT-free leaves and calli of inbred A.annua plants.LC-qTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that these two types of GT-free materials produce artemisinin,artemisinic acid,and arteannuin B.Detailed IR-MALDESI image profiling revealed that these three metabolites and dihydroartemisinin are localized in non-GT cells of leaves of inbred A.annua plants.Moreover,we employed all the above approaches to examine artemisinin biosynthesis in the reported XL annua glandless(gl)mutant.The resulting data demonstrated that leaves of regenerated gl plantlets biosynthesize artemisinin.Codectively,these findings not only add new knowledge leading to a revision of the current dogma of artemisinin biosynthesis inannua but also may expedite innovation of novel metabolic engineering approaches for high and stable production of artemisinin in the future.

植物腺毛分泌物研究进展

植物腺毛(Plant glandular trichomes,GTs)是具有分泌能力的植物表皮毛,分布在茎、叶、花器官甚至果实的表面,可产生具有抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫能力的腺毛分泌物(Glandular trichomes secretions),被誉为“生物合成工厂”。植物腺毛分泌物属于次生代谢产物,在医疗保健、植物源农药及食品工业等行业具有重要的应用价值。本文主要综述了植物腺毛结构、腺毛分泌物种类、提取分离及其功能活性等方面的研究进展,并对存在的问题和应用前景进行了分析与展望,以期为植物腺毛分泌物在医药、农业及食品领域的开发与利用提供参考。

子宫内膜异位症在位内膜上皮类器官模型的建立及鉴定

目的:探讨并验证构建人子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者在位内膜上皮类器官模型的可行性及影响因素。方法:选择经腹腔镜手术并病理确诊为卵巢型EMs囊肿患者的新鲜在位内膜组织10例,组织消化法将在位内膜消化成单细胞,在基质胶Matrigel中培养7d构建EMs在位内膜上皮类器官模型。通过形态学、免疫组化、HE染色、透射电镜检测等,与原在位内膜组织对比进行模型鉴定;雌激素1、5、10nmol/L干预后观察在位内膜上皮类器官直径的变化,初步探讨雌激素在EMs在位内膜上皮类器官构建中的作用。结果:10例患者在位内膜组织均成功构建EMs在位内膜上皮类器官,光学显微镜下显示在位内膜上皮类器官的数量可观,形态上呈类圆形3D立体结构,周围可见腺体结构;免疫组化显示上皮源性标记物及雌孕激素受体表达阳性属于内膜源性上皮;HE染色显示在高倍镜下构建的在位内膜上皮类器官排列成腺腔样结构但腺体排列稀疏,较不规则,腔体内部分细胞形成分隔与原组织腺上皮结构相似;透射电镜显示在位内膜上皮类器官的内部超微结构与原在位内膜组织具有高度相似性;在培养基中加不同浓度雌二醇,10nmol/L雌激素浓度干预第6d的类器官直径明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:体外成功构建的EMs在位内膜上皮类器官模型具有上皮性特征,与原在位内膜组织对比高度重现来源组织的结构、病理特性,可替代人子宫内膜异位症在位内膜组织用于EMs疾病药物的干预与基础实验的研究的建模。

缺氧状态下has-miR-215-5p通过抑制BLCAP的表达调控子宫内膜腺上皮细胞增殖和迁移

目的探究缺氧状态下的子宫内膜腺上皮细胞(EEC)增殖和迁移的可能机制。方法分别提取缺氧(1%氧浓度,缺氧组)和常氧(21%氧浓度,常氧组)条件下EEC的RNA进行高通量测序(RNA-sequence),分析两组细胞中微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的差异表达。利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)的方法对差异表达的miRNA即has-miR-215-5p进行鉴定,通过miRNA靶基因数据库网站(Target Scan)分析has-miR-215-5p的靶基因。Western Blot检测两组细胞中靶基因膀胱癌相关蛋白(BLCAP)的蛋白表达水平,细胞计数实验检测两组EEC的增殖情况,划痕实验检测两组EEC的迁移能力。结果测序结果显示,缺氧组EEC中has-miR-215-5p表达显著上升(P<0.001),RT-qPCR验证结果与测序结果一致。miRNA Target Scan数据库检索结果显示,BLCAP是has-miR-215-5p的下游靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示has-miR-215-5p与BLCAP-3’-UTR结合,结合位点突变后结合活性消失。Western Blot结果显示,与常氧组相比,缺氧组EEC中的BLCAP蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.001)。CCK-8及划痕实验分别提示与常氧组相比,缺氧组的EEC增殖能力显著降低、迁移能力显著增强(P<0.001)。结论缺氧条件下EEC中has-miR-215-5p可能通过与BLCAP-3’-UTR结合,抑制BLCAP的表达活性,导致EEC的增殖降低与迁移增强。

Characterization of the Formation of Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid：CoAs for Bitter Acid Biosynthesis in Hop Glandular Trichomes

Bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop （Humulus lupulus） glandular trichomes. Branched short-chain acyI-CoAs （e.g. isobutyryI-CoA, isovaleryl- CoA and 2-methylbutyryI-CoA）, derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids （BCAAs）, are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. However, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool of branched short-chain acyI-CoAs in hop trichomes. Here, we present several lines of evidence that both CoA ligases and thioesterases are likely involved in bitter acid biosynthesis. Recombinant HICCL2 （carboxyl CoA ligase） protein had high specific activity for isovaleric acid as a substrate （Kcat/Km = 4100 s-~ M-l）, whereas recombinant HICCL4 specifically utilized isobutyric acid （Kcat/Km = 1800 s-1 M-1） and 2-methylbutyric acid （Kcat/ Km = 6900 s-1 M-~） as substrates. Both HICCLs, like hop valerophenone synthase （HIVPS）, were expressed strongly in glandular trichomes and localized to the cytoplasm. Co-expression of HICCL2 and HICCL4 with HIVPS in yeast led to significant production of acylphloroglucinols （the direct precursors for bitter acid biosynthesis）, which further confirmed the biochemical function of these two HICCLs in vivo. Functional identification of a thioesterase that catalyzed the reverse reaction of CCLs in mitochondria, together with the comprehensive analysis of genes involved BCAA catabolism, supported the idea that cytosolic CoA ligases are required for linking BCAA degradation and bitter acid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes. The evolution and other possible physiological roles of branched short-chain fatty acid：CoA ligases in planta are also discussed.

高分辨CT影像组学模型鉴别亚厘米肺纯磨玻璃结节腺体前驱病变与微浸润腺癌的价值

目的 探讨基于高分辨CT影像组学模型鉴别表现为亚厘米肺纯磨玻璃结节的腺体前驱病变和微浸润腺癌(MIA)的价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年7月~2022年4月经手术病理证实的亚厘米纯磨玻璃结节患者共计68例(75个肺结节),包括6个非典型腺瘤样增生、26个原位癌及43个MIA,根据病理类型分为腺体前驱病变组(非典型腺瘤样增生+原位癌)和微浸润组(MIA),将其分为训练组54例(60个pGGN),验证组14例(15个pGGN)。采集临床资料(年龄、性别)、CT定性参数(边界、毛刺、分叶、支气管异常征、内部血管征、空泡征、胸膜牵拉征)及定量参数(最长径、最短径、平均CT值、最大CT值、最小CT值)。利用ITK-SNAP软件对每个纯磨玻璃结节行手动分割并导入AK软件进行影像特征提取。采取单因素及多因素分析方法筛选出训练组中两亚组之间差异有统计学意义的变量,利用多元Logistic回归的方法构建影像组学模型、临床特征模型及联合模型。通过ROC曲线及计算曲线下面积(AUC)对各模型的预测效能进行比较,使用Delong’s检验比较各模型之间的差异。采用校正曲线及决策曲线分析评估联合模型的校准度及临床应用性,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验分析联合模型预测值与观测值之间的拟合程度。结果 联合模型在训练组和验证组中均具有最高的诊断效能(训练组AUC=0.857,95%CI:0.764~0.951,P<0.0001;验证组AUC=0.84,95%CI:0.592~1.000,P=0.0071),高于影像组学模型(训练组AUC=0.835,95%CI:0.735~0.935,P<0.0001;验证组AUC=0.82,95%CI:0.563~1.000,P=0.0145)和临床特征模型(训练组AUC=0.764,95%CI:0.636~0.864,P<0.0001;验证组AUC=0.63,95%CI:0.347~0.913,P=0.3677)。联合模型在训练组和验证组中的预测观察值与实际观察值之间均具有良好的一致性。结论 基于高分辨CT影像组学和临床特征构建的联合模型有助于术前鉴别表现为亚厘米肺纯磨玻璃结节的腺体前驱病变和MIA,提升肺结节诊治及管理水平。

基于术前CT及临床特征构建卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤间质比预测模型的研究

目的:探讨不同肿瘤间质比(Tumor-stroma ratio,TSR)的卵巢上皮性癌(Epithelial ovarian carcer,EOC)的特征性影像学表现,并基于术前临床及影像特征建立列线图预测模型。方法:收集我院2013年7月-2016年6月经手术病理证实为EOC的患者96例,根据术后组织病理结果将其分为高间质比组(TSR≥50%)和低间质比组(TSR<50%)两组。回顾性分析两组病例术前全腹部增强CT的形态学特征,包括原发灶的单侧或双侧、囊变程度、囊变形态、边界特点、长短径比、体积、平扫CT值、增强幅度、是否存在钙化、腹水、腹膜后淋巴结肿大以及腹膜转移情况。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出评估EOC TSR的独立影响因子,并以此构建列线图预测模型。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评估列线图模型的诊断效能,通过决策曲线评估列线图模型的临床适用性。结果:新辅助化疗、肿瘤长短径比、增强幅度、边界特点、囊变形态、是否存在腹膜后淋巴结肿大均是EOC TSR的独立影响因子。据此结果构建列线图,其ROC曲线的AUC值为0.966(95%CI 0.936~0.997),灵敏度为96.1%,特异度为88.9%。结论:高间质比组的EOC在CT上多表现出更高的长短径比、更明显的强化、边界不清、微囊型的囊变形态及腹膜后淋巴结肿大。基于EOC患者的术前CT和临床特征构建的列线图可以无创评估TSR,有助于辅助临床风险分层和治疗决策。

Cardiac myxoma with glandular component: case report

Cardiac myxoma has varying clinical presentation, uncertain histogenesis and debatable immunohistochemical profile. Glandular epithelial differentiation is a rare phenomenon, but glandular elements are known to be present in cardiac myxoma as an intrinsic component of the tumor. We present a case of cardiac myxoma having focal glandular differentiation, with special reference to the morphologic features and immunohistochemical profiles.

Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia seguinii harbor new defensive clerodane diterpenoids

Glandular trichomes produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are considered as major defensive chemicals against herbivore attack.The morphology and secondary metabolites of the peltate glandular trichomes of a lianoid Labiatae,Colquhounia seguinii Vaniot,were investigated.Three new clerodane diterpenoids,seguiniilactones A-C（1-3）,were identified through precise trichome collection with laser microdissection,metabolic analysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer,target compound isolation with classical phytochemical techniques,structure elucidation with spectroscopic methods.All compounds showed significant antifeedant activity against a generalist plant-feeding insect Spodoptera exigua.Seguiniilactone A（1） was approximately 17-fold more potent than the commercial neem oil.a-Substituted α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone functionality was found to be crucial for strong antifeedant activity of this class of compounds.Quantitative results indicated that the levels of these compounds in the peltate glandular trichomes and leaves were sufficiently high to deter the feeding by generalist insects.Moderate antifungal activity was observed for seguiniilactone C（3） against six predominant fungal species isolated from the diseased leaves of C seguinii,while seguiniilactones A and B were generally inactive.These findings suggested that seguiniilactones A-C might be specialized secondary metabolites in peltate glandular trichomes for the plant defense against insect herbivores and pathogens.